呼吸科常用英文.docx
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呼吸科常用英文.docx
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呼吸科常用英文
呼吸科常用英文
询问病史casehistory
Youneedtogetadetailedhistoryincludingthetimingandacuityofonset,exacerbatingandalleviatingfactorsandenvironmenttriggerstohelpyouconfirmadiagnosisordiscardotherdiseases/developadifferentialdiagnosis.Askyourpatientwhetherthereisahistoryoftobaccouse,orothertoxicandenvironmentalexposuresandhisoccupationalhistory.
General/biographicaldata,maritalstatus,nativity,occupation,informant,timeofadmissionandrecord,chiefcomplaint,historyofpresentillness,previoushealthstatus(well,ordinaryorbad),anyinfectiousdiseases,allergichistory,historyoftraumaorsurgery,smoking(abouthowmanyyears,averagehowmanypiecesperday,ceasedforhowmanyyears),alcoholintake(occasionalorfrequent),spouse’shealthstatus,menorrhea(menarcheage,cyclelastingforhowmanydays,menstrualcycle,lastmenstruationperiodorageofmenopause,anymenstrualpainorirregularcycle),childbearingorpregnancy(times,naturallabor,abortions,prematuredelivery,stillbirths,difficultlabor,familyhistory(anycongenitaldiseases,fatherandmother:
stillalive,illness,orcauseofdeath,siblingsandchildren)
常用的症状symptoms
fever
Cough咳嗽
Sputum(dry,purulent脓性的,copiousgreensputum大量绿色痰,tenaciousyellowsputum黄粘痰,frothywhitesputum白色泡沫痰,rustysputum铁锈色痰
wheezing
Dyspneaduringexertionoratrest呼吸困难
Orthopnea端坐呼吸
Paroxysmalnocturnaldyspnea夜间阵发性呼吸困难
Shortnessofbreath(SOB)
Chesttightness胸部紧迫感
Exerciseintolerance
pleuriticchestpain胸膜型胸痛
Pharyngalgia;pharyngodynia咽痛
Hemoptysis咯血
Bucking呛咳
Sneeze喷嚏
snore打鼾
malaise不舒服
myalgia肌痛
insomia失眠
hoarseness声嘶
dysphonia发声困难
常见的体征physicalsigns
clubbedfingers杵状指:
increasedlongitudinalandtransversecurvature,lossofconcavenailfoldangle,bogginessofnailbedandincreasedsofttissuebulkofdistalphalanx,drumstick-like
nicotinestaining
cyanosis:
bluediscolourationofmucosalmembranesandskin,causedwhenmeancapillaryconcentrationofdeoxyhemoglobinmorethan5g/dl,O2saturationlessthan85%,PaO2lessthan8KPa
peripheralcyanosis:
coldblueperipheries,e.g.nailbedsduetocoldexposures
centralcyanosis:
warmperipheries,bluetongueorlips
handflap:
duetoCO2retention
asterixis扑翼样震颤
papilloedema视乳头水肿
chemosis球结膜水肿
enlargedsupraclavicularandaxillarylymphnodes
increasedrespiratoryrate
tachycardia心动过速
pulsusparadoxus:
>10mmHg↓oninspiration(seeninsevereasthma)
barrelchest
hyperexpanded,decreasedexpansion
kyphosis驼背,脊柱后凸
Inspection:
tachypnea呼吸急促
accessorymusclesofrespiration:
sternocleidomastoidmuscle,armsupport,alaeflaring
wideornarrowintercostalspace
tactilevocalfremitus触觉语颤
subcutaneouscrepitus皮下捻发感
Percussion:
resonance
dullness
flatness
hyperresonance
tympany
lowerborders:
scapularlineXleft/rightintercostalspace
rangeofmobility
Auscultation:
vocalresonance语音共振
ronchi:
wheeze,stridor,crackles,Velcro-likesoundes
moistrales:
coarse,medium,fine,crepitus捻发音
pleuralfrictionrubs
completeabsenceofbreathsounds
ankleedema
weightloss,cachexia恶病质,cachectic恶病质的
decreasedfoodappetite,lossofappetite,anorexia食欲减退
常做的检查examinationsorlaboratoryfindings
(totake,undergo,perform,receiveorhave)
temperaturecharts体温图(takeone’sbodytemperature)
sputumpot痰盂
Blood/urine/stoolroutine,occultbloodtest
Bloodbiochemistry
Sputum/bloodcultureanddrugsensitivitytest
sputumcytology
Pulseoximeter脉氧计:
continuousmonitoringofbloodoxygensaturation
Arterialbloodgasanalysis(ABG):
arterialbloodsampling,radial/femoralarterypuncture
PaCO2:
partialpressureofcarbondioxideinarterialbloodhypercarbia
PaO2:
partialpressureofoxygeninarterialbloodhypoxemia
respiratoryfailure:
type1:
decreasedO2supply,PaO2<60mmHg(millimetersofmercury)
duetodiffusionfailureorV/Qdismatch(ventilation-perfusion(quotient)ratio)
pulmonaryedema,pneumonia,infarction,fibrosis,orpulmonaryembolism,pulmonaryhypertension,shunt
type2:
decreasedCO2removal,PaCO2>50mmHg(millimetersofmercury)
duetoalveolarventilationfailure
obstructive:
COPD,asthma,bronchiectasis
restrictive:
neuromuscular(sedatives,myasthenia),structural(ankylosingspondylitis),pleuraldiseases,obesity
ChestX-ray/radiograph:
reticulo-nodularshadowing(reticular,linear,militarynodules粟粒样结节)
coinlesions硬币样
cavities空腔:
amphoric空翁音的(breathinglikeblowingoverabottletop)
opacification浑浊:
consolidation(airspaceinfiltrate):
confluentshadowingandairbronchogram
collapse:
lobar(upper,middle/lingual,lower)
segmentalatelactasis
pleuraleffusion
mediastinalmass:
thyroid,thymoma,teratoma,TBlymphnodes,
terriblediagnosesincludinglymphomaandaneurysm
ChestCTscan(computedtomography)
HeadMRI(magneticresonanceimaging)
PET-CTofthewholebody(positron-emissiontomography)
Abdominalultrasound
skinpricktest皮肤点刺试验(dustmites尘螨,pollen花粉,cockroach蟑螂)
tuberculinskintest(purifiedproteinderivative(oftuberculin)test,PPDtest)
Pulmonaryfunctiontest:
Spirometry呼吸量测定法,肺量测定法
obstructivelungdiseases:
airflowlimitation
FEV1/FVCFVCRVandTLCKCO
<0.7↓↑↓
restrictivelungdiseases:
decreasedlungcomplianceandsmalllungvolumes
intraparenchymal>0.75↓↓↓↓
extraparenchymalvariable↓↓↓normal
FEV1:
forcedexpiratoryvolumein1second
FVC:
forcevitalcapacity
TLC:
totallungcapacity
RV:
residualvolume
KCO:
transferfactor(diffusionrate)
PEFR:
peakexpiratoryflowrate
flow-volumeloop(inspirationandexpiration)
bronchoprovocation/challengetest支气管激发试验:
histamineormethacholine-inhalation
bronchodilatation支气管舒张试验:
salbutamol沙丁胺醇
fiberopticbronchoscopy:
biopsies,bronchialbrushsamplesforpathologicalexamation,bronchialwashings)
bronchoalveolarlavage(BAL)
protectedspecimenbrush(PS
transthoracicpercutaneousneedleaspiration
percutanousneedlebiopsyunderCTguidance(forperipheraltumours)
video-assistedthoracoscopic-guidedlungbiopsy
openlungbiopsy
pleuralbiopsy
biopsyofenlargedlymphnodes
D-Dimers
electrocardiogram(ECG)
echocardiogram超声心动图
V/Qisotopescan(ventilation/perfusionscanning)
spiralCT/MRA(MagneticResonanceAngiography)
pulmonaryangiography
DopplerUSSthighandpelvis(USS:
ultrasoundscanning)
cardiacmonitor
PSG(polysommography)
常见的病名diseases
acuteupperrespiratorytractinfection急性上呼吸道感染
commoncold普通感冒
influenza流感
pharynigitis咽炎
acutebroncho-bronchitis急性气管-支气管炎
pneumonia肺炎
communityacquiredpneumonia(CAP)社区获得性肺炎
hospitalacquiredpneumonia(HAP)医院获得性肺炎
nosocomicalpneumonia(NP)医院内肺炎
bronchiectasis支气管扩张
chornicbronchitis慢性支气管炎
pulmonaryemphysema肺气肿
chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(acuteexacerbating)AECOPDCOPD急性发作
bronchialasthma支气管哮喘
allergicrhinitis过敏性鼻炎
respiratoryfailure呼吸衰竭
lungabscess肺脓肿
pulmonarytuberculosis肺结核病
lungcancer:
肺癌
primarybronchogeniccarcinoma原发性支气管肺癌
squamouscellcarcinoma鳞癌
adenocarcinoma腺癌
bronchoalveolarcellcarcinoma支气管肺泡细胞癌
smallcelllungcarcinoma(SCLC)小细胞肺癌
pulmonarymetastasis肺转移瘤
pulmonaryembolism(PE)肺栓塞
pulmonarythromboembolism(PTE)肺血栓栓塞症
pulmonaryinfarction肺梗死
deepvenousthrombosis,DVT深静脉血栓形成
empyema脓胸
pneumothorax气胸
pyopneumothorax脓气胸
chronicsuppurativedisease慢性化脓性疾病
congenitalcyanoticdisease先天性紫绀性心脏病
corpulmonale肺源性心脏病
pulmonaryhypertension肺动脉高压
pulmonaryencephalopathy肺性脑病
rightheartfailure;right-sidedheartfailure右心衰竭
pulmonaryvasculardiseases肺血管疾病
interstitiallungdisease,ILD弥漫性间质性肺疾病
idiopathicpulmonaryfibrosis,IPF特发性肺纤维化
cryptogenicfibrosingalveolitis,CFA隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎
connectivetissuerelatedlungdiseases结缔组织相关性肺疾病
systemiclupuserythematosus,SLE系统性红斑狼疮
rheumatoidarthritis,RA类风湿性关节炎
systemicsclerosis,SSc系统性硬化
scleroderma硬皮病
sjoren’ssyndrome感知综合征
polymyositis多发性肌炎
dermatomyositis皮肌炎
sarcoidosis结节病
Pulmonaryalveolarproteinosis,PAP肺泡蛋白沉积症
Idiopathicpulmonaryhemosiderosis特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病
Langerhanscellgranulomatosis朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病
Eosinophilicgranuloma嗜酸性肉芽肿
HistiocytosisX组织细胞增多症X
WegenergranulomatosisWegener肉芽肿
extrinsicallergicalveolitis外源性过敏性肺泡炎
pneumoconiosis尘肺
drug-inducedlungdisease药物性肺病
aspergillosis曲菌病:
allergicbronchopulmonaryaspergillosis(ABPA)
pleuraldisease胸膜疾病
broncho-pleuralfistula支气管胸膜瘘
oralcandidiasis口腔念珠菌病,鹅口疮
osteoporoticbonechange骨质疏松样改变
glaucoma青光眼
cataract白内障
acutelunginjury,ALI急性肺损伤
acuterespiratorydistresssyndrome,ARDS急性呼吸窘迫综合征
urticaria荨麻疹
eczema湿疹
hypertension高血压
diabetes糖尿病
常用的药物drugsoragents
beadministered,treatsb.with
empirical经验性的,prophylactic预防性,remedial治疗性
Expectorant祛痰药
Mucolytics粘液溶解剂
bronchodilator
B2-agonists:
short-acting:
salbutamol沙丁胺醇
long-acting:
salmeterol沙美特罗
muscarinicantagonists:
ipratropiumbromide异丙托溴胺
aminophylline氨茶碱
steroidsinhaled:
budesonide布地奈德,beclomethasone倍氯米松,fluticasone氟替卡松
systemic:
prednisolonepo.,hydrocortisoneiv.
mastcellstabilizers:
cromoglycatesodium色甘酸钠
leukotrienereceptorantagonists:
montelukast孟鲁司特
respiratorystimulants:
lobeline
nikethamide
cardiactonic强心剂
diuretics利尿剂
albumin白蛋白
antitussiveagents镇咳药
ammoniumchloride氯化铵
ambroxol氨溴索(mucosolvan沐舒坦)
常用的治疗措施
loworhighflowoxygen:
nasalcannulae鼻导管,Venturiface-m
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