浏阳市高考英语阅读理解和书面表达一轮选练4及答案.docx
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浏阳市高考英语阅读理解和书面表达一轮选练4及答案.docx
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浏阳市高考英语阅读理解和书面表达一轮选练4及答案
阅读下列四篇短文,从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
GeorgeGershwin,bornin1898,wasoneofAmerica'sgreatestcomposers.Hepublishedhisfirstsongwhenhewaseighteenyearsold.Duringthenexttwentyyearshewrotemorethanfivehundredsongs.
ManyofGershwin'ssongswerefirstwrittenformusicalplaysperformedintheatresinNewYorkCity.Theseplayswereapopularformofentertainmentinthe1920sand1930s.Manyofhissongshaveremainedpopularasever.Overtheyearstheyhavebeensungandplayedineverypossibleway—fromjazztocountry.
Inthe1920stherewasadebateintheUnitedStatesaboutjazzmusic.Couldjazz,somepeopleasked,beconsideredseriousmusic?
In1924jazzmusicianandorchestraleaderPaulWhitemandecidedtoorganizeaspecialconcerttoshowthatjazzwasseriousmusic.Gershwinagreedtocomposesomethingfortheconcertbeforeherealizedhehadjustafewweekstodoit.Andinthatshorttime,hecomposedapieceforpianoandorchestrawhichhecalledRhapsodyinBlue.Gershwinhimselfplayedthepianoattheconcert.Theaudiencewerethrilledwhentheyheardhismusic.Itmadehimworldfamousandshowedthatjazzmusiccouldbebothseriousandpopular.
In1928,GershwinwenttoParis.Heappliedtostudycomposition(作曲)withthewellknownmusicianNadiaBoulanger,butsherejectedhim.Shewasafraidthatclassicalstudywouldruinhisjazzinfluencedstyle.Whilethere,GershwinwroteAnAmericaninParis.Whenitwasfirstperformed,critics(评论家)weredividedoverthemusic.Somecalledithappyandfulloflife,toothersitwasstillyandboring.ButitquicklybecamepopularinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Itstillremainsoneofhismostfamousworks.
GeorgeGershwindiedin1937,justdaysafterdoctorslearnedhehadbraincancer.Hewasonlythirtynineyearsold.Newspapersallovertheworldreportedhisdeathontheirfrontpages.Peoplemournedthelossofthemanandallthemusichemighthavestillwritten.
【语篇解读】本文讲述了GeorgeGershwin一位伟大的音乐家的一生,对音乐界及世界的影响。
1.ManyofGershwin'smusicalworkswere________.
A.writtenaboutNewYorkers
B.composedforPaulWhiteman
C.playedmainlyinthecountryside
D.performedinvariousways
解析 细节理解题。
根据原文第二段末Overtheyearstheyhavebeensungandplayedineverypossibleway—fromjazztocountry.其中“they”指代Gershwin'smusicalworks,“ineverypossibleway”与variousways属于同义替换,所以选D。
答案 D。
2.WhatdoweknowabouttheconcertorganizedbyWhiteman?
A.Itattractedmorepeopletotheatres.
B.Itprovedjazzcouldbeseriousmusic.
C.ItmadeGershwinleaderoftheorchestra.
D.Itcausedadebateamongjazzmusicians.
解析 细节理解题。
根据原文第三段中In1924,jazzmusicianandorchestraleaderPaulWhitemandecidedtoorganizeaspecialconcerttoshowthatjazzwasseriousmusic.其中“showthatjazzwasseriousmusic”和B选项是表达的一个意思,所以选B。
答案 B.
3.WhatdidGershwindoduringhisstayinParis?
A.Hecreatedoneofhisbestworks.
B.HestudiedwithNadiaBoulanger.
C.HearguedwithFrenchcritics.
D.Hechangedhismusicstyle.
解析 细节理解题。
根据原文第四段中“Itstillremainsoneofhismostfamousworks.”其中it指的就是AnAmericaninParis,“oneofhismostfamousworks.”即A选项中的oneofhisbestworks。
答案 A.
4.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?
A.ManyofGershwin'sworkswerelost.
B.ThedeathofGershwinwaswidelyreported.
C.AconcertwasheldinmemoryofGershwin.
D.BraincancerresearchstartedafterGershwin'sdeath.
解析 推理判断题。
根据原文最后一段,“Newspapersallovertheworldreportedhisdeathontheirfrontpages.”即说明了B选项“ThedeathofGershwinwaswidelyreported.”故B正确。
其它选项均没有涉及。
答案 B.
5.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesGershwin?
A.Talentedandproductive.
B.Seriousandboring.
C.Popularandunhappy.
D.Friendlyandhonest.
解析 主旨大意题。
从全文看,这个人不可能用boring这样感情色彩负面的词来形容,故B错误;文中提到他popular,但没有说他unhappy,故C错误;friendly和honest在文中没有具体体现,没有根据,故D错误;A选项中talented有天分的,productive多产的,准确地描述了Gershwin作为一个作曲家所具备的素质。
答案 A.
阅读下列四篇短文,从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
ArecentstudyofancientandmodernelephantshascomeupwiththeunexpectedconclusionthattheAfricanelephantisdividedintotwodistinct(不同的)species.
ThediscoverywasmadebyresearchersatYorkandHarvardUniversitieswhentheywereexaminingthegeneticrelationshipbetweentheancientwoollymammothandmastodontomodernelephants—theAsianelephant,Africanforestelephant,andAfricansavannaelephant.
OncetheyobtainedDNAsequences(序列)fromtwofossils(化石),mammothsandmastodons,theteamcomparedthemwithDNAfrommodernelephants.TheyfoundtotheiramazementthatmodernforestandsavannaelephantsareasdistinctfromeachotherasAsianelephantsandmammoths.
ThescientistsuseddetailedgeneticanalysistoprovethattheAfricansavannaelephantandtheAfricanforestelephanthavebeendistinctspeciesforseveralmillionyears.ThedivergenceofthetwospeciestookplacearoundthetimeofthedivergenceofAsianelephantsandwoollymammoths.Thisresultamazedallthescientists.
Therehaslongbeendebateinthescientificcommunitythatthetwomightbeseparatespecies,butthisisthemostconvincingscientificevidencesofarthattheyareindeeddifferentspecies.
Previously,manynaturalistsbelievedthatAfricansavannaelephantsandAfricanforestelephantsweretwopopulationsofthesamespecies,despitetheelephants’significantsizedifferences.Thesavannaelephanthasanaverageshoulderheightof3.5metreswhiletheforestelephanthasanaverageshoulderheightof2.5metres.Thesavannaelephantweighsbetweensixandseventons,roughlydoubletheweightoftheforestelephant.Butthefactthattheylooksodifferentdoesnotnecessarilymeantheyaredifferentspecies.HowevertheprooflayintheanalysisoftheDNA.
AlfredRoca,assistantprofessorintheDepartmentofAnimalSciencesattheUniversityofIllinois,said,“Wenowhavetotreattheforestandsavannaelephantsastwodifferentunitsforconservationpurposes.Since1950,allAfricanelephantshavebeenconservedasonespecies.Nowthatweknowtheforestandsavannaelephantsaretwoverydistinctiveanimals,theforestelephantshouldbecomeabiggerpriority(优先)forconservationpurposes.”
1.Oneofthefossilsstudiedbytheresearchersisthatof .
A.theAsianelephant B.theforestelephant
C.thesavannaelephant D.themastodonelephant
2.Theunderlinedword“divergence”inParagraph4means“ ."
AA.evolution B.exhibition C.separation D.examination
3.Theresearchers’conclusionwasbasedonastudyoftheAfricanelephant’s .
A.DNA B.height C.weight D.population
4.WhatareAlfredRoca’swordsmainlyabout?
A.TheconservationofAfricanelephants.
B.ThepurposeofstudyingAfricanelephants.
C.ThewaytodivideAfricanelephantsintotwounits.
D.ThereasonforthedistinctionofAfricanelephants.
5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.Naturalists’BeliefsaboutElephants
B.AmazingExperimentsaboutElephants
C.AnUnexpectedFindingaboutElephants
D.ALongScientificDebateaboutElephants
参考答案1-5DCAAC
阅读理解。
We'vereachedastrange—somewouldsayunusual—point.WhilefightingworldhungercontinuestobethematterofvitalimportanceaccordingtoarecentreportfromtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),morepeoplenowdiefrombeingoverweight,orsay,frombeingextremelyfat,thanfrombeingunderweight.It'sthegoodlifethat'smorelikelytokillusthesedays.
Worse,nearly18millionchildrenundertheageoffivearoundtheworldareestimatedtobeoverweight.What'sgoingon?
Wereallydon'thavemanyexcusesforourweightproblems.Thedangersoftheproblemhavebeendrilledintousbypublic-healthcampaignssince2001andthemessageisgettingthrough—uptoapoint.
Inthe1970s,Finland,forexample,hadthehighestrateofheartdiseaseintheworldandbeingoverweightwasitsmaincause.Notanymore.Apublic-healthcampaignhasgreatlyreducedthenumberofheartdiseasedeathsby80percentoverthepastthreedecades.
MaybethatexplainswhythepercentageofpeopleinFinlandtakingdietpillsdoubledbetween2001and2005,anddoctorsevenoffersurgeryofremovingfatinsideandchangetheshapeofthebody.Thathasbecomeasortoffashion.Nowonderitranksastheworld'smostbody-consciouscountry.
Weknowwhatweshouldbedoingtoloseweight—butactuallydoingitisanothermatter.Byfarthemostpopularexcuseisnottakingenoughexercise.Morethanhalfofusadmitwelackwillpower.
Othersblamegoodfood.Theysay:
it'sjusttooinvitinganditmakesthemovereat.StillotherslaytheblameontheAmericans,complainingthatpoundshavepiledonthankstoeatingtoomuchAmerican-stylefastfood.
Somealsoblametheirparents—theirgenes.Butunfortunately,theparentsarewrongedbecausethey'renormalinshape,orratherslim.
It'sasimilarstoryaroundtheworld,althoughpeoplearerelativelyunlikelytohavetriedtoloseweight.Parentsareeagertoseetheirkidsshapeup.DoasIsay—notasIdo.
59.Whatisthe“strange”pointmentionedinthefirstsentence?
A.Thegoodlifeisagreaterriskthanthebadlife.
B.Starvationistakingmorepeople'slivesintheworld.
C.WHOreportshowspeople'sunawarenessoffoodsafety.
D.OverweightissueremainsunresolveddespiteWHO'sefforts.
60.Whydoestheauthorthinkthatpeoplehavenoexcuseforbeingoverweight?
A.Alotofeffectivedietpillsareavailable.
B.Bodyimagehasnothingtodowithgoodfood.
C.Theyhavebeenmadefullyawareofitsdangers.
D.Therearetoomanyoverweightpeopleintheworld.
61.TheexampleofFinlandisusedtoillustrate________.
A.thecauseofheartdisease
B.thefashionofbodyshaping
C.theeffectivenessofacampaign
D.thehistoryofabody-consciouscountry
62.Whichwouldbethebesttitle
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