河南省上学期天一大联考顶尖计划高三毕业班英语第一次联考试题.docx
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河南省上学期天一大联考顶尖计划高三毕业班英语第一次联考试题.docx
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河南省上学期天一大联考顶尖计划高三毕业班英语第一次联考试题
河南省2020年上学期天一大联考“顶尖计划”高三毕业班英语第一次联考试题
考生注意:
1.答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上,并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。
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3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Fromhelpingrescuedanimalsfindpermanenthomestoprovidingcareforchimpanzees(黑猩猩)thathavefoundshelter,there’salwaysavolunteeringsiteforeveryanimallover.Herearesomeamazingopportunities.
SeattleHumaneSociety
SeattleHumaneSocietyhasbeenhelpinganimalssince1897.In2013,itadoptedoutarecordof6,297pets.Itprovidesawiderangeofprograms,includingdogtraining,apetfoodbankandvolunteeropportunitiesforanimallovers.Asix-monthcommitmentisrequired,andallvolunteersmustheatleast18yearsold.
ChimpanzeeShelterNorthwest
ChimpanzeeShelterNorthwestwasfoundedin2003asashelterforchimpanzees.ItliesinthefoothillsoftheCascadeMountains,90mileseastofSeattle.Volunteershaveauniqueopportunitytoseewhatittakestorunashelter.Ithasthreelevelsofvolunteers;LevelIvolunteershelpwithmealpreparation;LevelIIvolunteershelpthestaffcleantheshelter;levelIIIvolunteersaretrainedtointeractdirectlywiththechimpanzees.
HopeForHorses
HopeForHorseshasanall-volunteerteamthathashelpedhundredsofseverelyabusedhorsessince2001.It'salsorescuedavarietyofotheranimalsovertheyears,includingdonkeys,chickens,geeseandagoat.Volunteersprovidehands-oncareforhorsesandotheranimals,includingmedicalresearch,sitevisitsandassistancewithadoption.Allvolunteersmustbe18yearsold.
PurrfectPals
PurrfectPals,whichwasfoundedin1988,isthePacificNorthwest'slargestcat-onlyadoptionshelterandorganization.Andit'soneofthelargestcat-onlysheltersinNorthAmericauswell.Itfindshomeforover2,000catseachyear.Itasksforafive-monthcommitmentandvolunteersmusthe18orolder.
21.What’sthetextintendedtointroduce?
A.Benefitsofbeinganimallovers.
B.Permanenthomesforrescuedanimals.
C.Volunteeropportunitiesforanimallovers.
D.Commitmentsofvolunteersatanimalshelters.
22.Whichofthefollowinghasthelongesthistory?
A.SeattleHumaneSociety.B.ChimpanzeeShelterNorthwest.
C.HopeForHorses.D.PurrfectPals.
23.InwhatwayisChimpanzeeShelterNorthwestdifferentfromtheotherthree?
A.ItlieswithinthecityofSeattle.B.Itsetsnoagelimitforvolunteers.
C.Itiscompletelyrunbyvolunteers.D.Itisashelterforonlyonekindofanimals.
B
EmilyEganwasbornandraisedinEssex,UnitedKingdomandspeaksnoforeignlanguage,buthearingherspeak,youcouldswearshe'saRussianimmigrant(移民)oratourist,becauseofherEasternEuropeanaccent.ButthefunnythingisthatshesometimessoundsFrench,ItalianorevenPolish,dependingonhowtiredsheis.
31-year-oldEmily'slifechangedgreatlyinJanuary,whenamysteriousconditionleftherunabletospeakfortwomonths.She’dhadheadachesfortwoweeksbeforeonedaydevelopingadeepervoicesuddenly.Hercolleaguesatachildren'shomethennoticedherspeechhadbecomeslowandunclear,bothsignsofastroke(中风).Bythetimeshewasrushedtothehospital,Emilyhadlostherabilitytospeakcompletely,butafterrunningsometests,doctorsruledoutthestroke,insteadblaminghervoicelossonsomesortofinjurytoherbrain.
Afterspendingthreeweeksinthehospital,EmilyEganwasstillunabletospeakandreliedonlyonbasicsignlanguageshe’dpickedupatworkandatext-to-speechapponherphonetocommunicate.AdoctorencouragedhertogoonavacationinThailandsheandherhusbandhadalreadybooked,andtotryandrelaxasmuchaspossible.Shedidjustthatandafewdaysintothevacation,shestartedtospeakagain.
"IwassothrilledwhenmyvoicestartedcomingbackbutnowIdon’tevendiscernthevoicethatcomesoutofmymouth.Itdoesn'tsoundlikeme,"Egansaid.Eversincehervoicecameback,she'stakentimeoffworkbecausestressonlymakesherconditionworse.
WhathashappenedtoEmilysoundsshockinglysimilartothatofMichelleMyers,anArizonawomanwhonevertraveledoutsideofAmerica,butwokeuptospeakingwithmanyaccents-British,IrishandAustralian-afterexperiencingsevereheadaches.
24.WhyisEmilyEganconsideredaRussianimmigrant?
A.SheresemblesaRussianverymuch.
B.ShespeaksRussianlikeanativespeaker.
C.ShespeaksEnglishwithaRussianaccent.
D.ShecanfreelyswitchbetweenEnglishandRussian.
25.WhatresultedinEmily’sinabilitytospeak?
A.Braininjury.B.Asuddenstroke.
C.Long-termtiredness.D.Seriousheadaches.
26.Theunderlinedword"discern"inparagraph4mostprobablymeans"".
A.controlB.ignoreC.transformD.recognize
27.WhatcanbeinferredaboutEmilyfromthetext?
A.Shehasalreadyreturnedtowork.
B.Hercaseisn'taloneintheworld.
C.Shelearnedsignlanguageafterhervoiceloss.
D.Hervoicereturnedafterthreeweeks'treatment.
C
Arelativeofstarfishdoesn'thaveeyes,butcansillsee.ThatinformationcomesfromscientistswhostudiedseacreaturesinthecoralreefsoftheCaribbeanandGulfofMexico.
Theresearchersreportedthismonththatthestarfish’srelative-calledtheredbrittlestar-isonlythesecondcreatureknowntobeabletoseewithouthavingeyes.Thisabilityiscallextraocularvision(眼外视觉).Theothercreaturesaidtohaveextraocularvisionisakindofseaurchin.
Brittlestars,withfivearmsextendingfromacentraldisk,arepartofagroupofsealifecalledechinoderms.Theyhaveanervoussystembutnobrain.Theredbrittlestarmeasuresuptoabout35centimeterswide,fromtheendofonearmtotheother.Itlivesinbrightandcomplexenvironments.Becauseofthepossibilityofbeingeatenbyfish,thecreaturehidesduringdaylighthours.
Theredbrittlesstarpossessesextraocularvisionasaresultoflight-sensingcells,calledphotoreceptors.Thesephotoreceptorscoveritsbodyandchromatophores,thecellsresponsibleforcoloring.Duringthedaytime,thechromatophoresnarrowthefieldoflightbeingdetected,makingeachphotoreceptorslikethepixel(像素)ofacomputerimage.Whencombinedwithotherpixels,theimagebecomescomplete.
Thevisualsystemdoesn'tworkatnight.Laboratoryexperimentssuggestedthatthebrittlestarshaveverysimplevision.Placedinacircularenvironment,forexample,theymovedtowardwallsthatwerewhitewithablackbar,suggestiveofaldaytimehidingplace.
LaurenSumner-RooneyisaresearchfellowattheOxfordUniversityMuseumofNaturalHistory.Sheledthestudy.Shesaid,"It'ssuchadifferentconceptforus,asveryvisuallydrivenanimals,toimaginehowananimalmightseeitshabitatwithouteyes,butnowweknowoftwoexamples."
28.What'sresearchers'newfindingabouttheredbrittlestar?
A.Itisarelativeofstarfish.B.Itlivesinthecoralreefs.
C.Ithasaveryrareability.D.Itisaseacreature.
29.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingparagraph3?
A.Togive:
reasonswhythebrittlestarhasnobrain.
B.Tomakeageneralintroductionofthebrittlestar.
C.Tostresstherolethebrittlestarplaysinthesea.
D.Toexplainwhythebrittlestarkeepsauniquelifestyle.
30.Accordingtothetext,photoreceptors.
A.spreadonthesurfaceoftheredbrittlestarB.functionnormallyeveninthenighttime
C.controlthefieldoflightbeingdetectedD.serveascellsresponsibleforcoloring
31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.HowSeaCreatureFindsItsHabitatUnderwaterB.HowSeaCreature'sVisualSystemWorks
C.SeaCreatureFindsNewHabitatD.SeaCreatureSeesWithoutEyes
D
AresearchteamledbyUCLAmaterialsscientistshasshownwaystomakesuperwhitepaintthatreflectsasmuchas98%ofincomingheatfromthesun.Theadvanceshowspracticalpathwaysfordesigningpaintsthat,ifusedonrooftopsandotherpartsofabuilding,couldgreatlyreducecoolingcosts,beyondwhatstandardwhitecool-roofpaintscanachieve.
"WhenyouwearawhiteT-shirtonahotsunnyday,youfeelcoolerthanifyouwearonethat'sdarkerincolor-that'sbecausethewhiteshirtreflectsmoresunlightandit’sthesameconceptforbuildings,"saidAaswathRaman,aresearcherofthestudy."Aroofpaintedwhitewillbecoolerinsidethanoneinadarkershadebyrejectingheatatinfrared(红外线的)wavelengths,whichwehumanscannotseewithoureyes.Thissuperwhitepaintcouldallowbuildingstocooldownevenmorebyradiative(辐射的)cooling."
Thebestperformingwhitepaintsnowavailabletypicallyreflectaround85%ofincomingsunheat.Theremainderisabsorbedbythechemicalmakeupofthepaint.Theresearchersshowedthatsimplechangesinapaint'singredientscouldofferabigjump,reflectingasmuchas98%ofincomingradiation.Thepotentialcoolingbenefitsthissuperwhitepaintcanachievemayberealizedinthenearfuturebecausethechangessuggestedarewithintheabilitiesofthepaintandcoatingsindustry.
Manycitiesandgovernments,includingthestaleofCaliforniaandNewYorkCity,havestartedtoencouragecool-rooftechnologiesfornewbuildings."Wehopethattheworkwillinspirefuturecreativityinsuper-whitecoatingsfornotonlyenergysavingsinbuildings,butalsolesseningtheheatislandeffectsofcities,andperhapsevenshowingapracticalwaythat,ifappliedglobally,couldaffectclimatechange,"saidRaman,whohasstudiedcoolingpainttechnologiesforseveralyears,"Thiswouldrequireexpertsindiversefieldstoworktogether."
32.What’sthefunctionofthesuperwhitepaint?
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