中考英语动词的语态专项复习.docx

中考英语动词的语态专项复习.docx

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中考英语动词的语态专项复习

中考英语动词的语态专项复习

（一）用法梳理以及针对性练习

被动语态

（一）

各个时态的被动语态

1．被动语态的用法：

当说话者强调的是动作本身，且没有必要知道动作的执行者是谁时，常使用被动语态。

被动语态可避免提及动作的执行者，这样有利于对观点的陈述。

在被动语态中，句子的主语是动作的承受者。

2．八种时态的主动变被动形式：

1）一般现在时的被动语态：

主语（主动语态中的宾语）+is／are+过去分词

Wekeepthebutterinthefridge.=>Thebutteriskeptinthefridge.

2）一般过去时的被动语态：

主语（主动语态中的宾语）+was/were+过去分词

Janepaintedapicture.=>ApicturewaspaintedbyJane.

3）一般将来时的被动语态：

主语（主动语态中的宾语）+willbe+过去分词

Theteacherwillallowyoutoleaveearly.=>Youwillbeallowedtoleaveearly.

4）过去将来时的被动语态：

主语（主动语态中的宾语）+wouldbe+过去分词

Iwassurepeoplewouldpunishhim.=>1wassurehewouldbepunished．

5）现在进行时的被动语态：

主语（主动语态中的宾语）十is/arebeing+过去分词

Heisrepairingmybike.=>Mybikeisbeingrepairedbyhim.

6）过去进行时的被动语态：

主语（主动语态中的宾语）+was/werebeing十过去分词

Hewasmakingamodelplane.=>Amodelplanewasbeingmadebyhim.

7）现在完成时的被动语态：

主语（主动语态中的宾语）+has／havebeen+过去分词

Theyhavecaughtthethief.=>Thethiefhasbeencaught.

8）过去完成时的被动语态：

主语（主动语态中的宾语）+hadbeen+过去分词

Theytoldmethatpeoplehadsenthimtothehospital.=>Theytoldmethathehadbeensenttothehospital.

3．情态动词can，may，must的被动形式：

情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成。

1）情态动词can的主动变被动：

主语（主动语态中的宾语）十canbe+过去分词

Wecanusecoaltoproduceelectricity.=>Coalcanbeusedtoproduceelectricity.

2）情态动词may的主动变被动：

主语（主动语态中的宾语）+maybe+过去分词

Theymayopenanewschoolnextyear.=>Anewschoolmaybeopenednextyear.

3）情态动词must的主动变被动：

主语（主动语态中的宾语）+mustbe过去分词

Youmustdothehomeworkcarefully.=>Thehomeworkmustbedonecarefully.

【技能点睛】

不及物动词（如appear，die，disappear，happen，rise）和状态动词（如become，cost，contain，fail，have，last，looklike）不能构成被动语态。

EXERCISES

1.用所给动词的正确形式填空

1）Water（cover）mostoftheEarth'ssurface.

2）MostoftheEarth'ssurface（cover）bywater.

3）Theletter（post）aweekagoandit（arrive）yesterday.

4）Jack'sparents（die）whenhewasveryyoung.Heandhissister（bringup）bytheirgrandparents.

5）IwasborninBeijingbutI（grow）upinShanghai.

6）WhileIwasonholiday,mycamera（steal）frommyhotelroom.

7）Acinemaisaplacewherefilms（show）.

8）Allthewindowsofthebuilding（damage）inastormafewdaysago.

2.根据括号中的提示，用被动语态形式提问：

1）Askaboutthetelephone.（wheninvent）

2）Askaboutthehouse.（whenbuild）

3）Askaboutthetable.（whatusedfor）

4）Askaboutthewine.（whatmakefrom）

5）Askaboutthephotos.（wheretake）

3.选择最佳答案填空

1）—Henry,you______________onthephone.

—Oh,.Thankyou.

A.arewanted;IcomeB.arewanted;I'mcoming

C.arebeingwanted;IcomeD.arewanting;I'mcoming

2）—Whatanicewatchitis!

—It'smybirthdaypresent.ItinJapan.

A.makeB.makesC.ismakingD.ismade

3）Studentsslipperswhentheyareatschool,

A.don'tallowtowearB.arenotallowedtowear

C.arenotallowedtoputonD.arenotallowedwearing

4）—Iwon'tcometothepartyunlessSue,too.

—YoumeanifSuecomesyou'llcome.

A.willinviteB.invitesC.invitedD.isinvited

5）—Iwanttoknowwhenhaveafieldtrip.

—We'llhaveitwhenallthework.

A.youare;willfinishB.youwill;finishes

C.youwill;isfinishedD.youwill;isfinish

6）Aneighbourhelpedtokeepourdog.Itwhilewewereonholiday.

A.wastakencareB.tookcareofC.istakencareofD.wastakencareof

7）ThedoctorlookedoverPetercarefullyafterhetothehospital.

A.takesB.istakenC.tookD.wastaken

【Keys】

1.1）covers2）iscovered

3）wasposted,arrived

4）died,werebroughtup5）grew

6）wasstolen

7）areshown8）weredamaged

2.1）Whenwasthetelephoneinvented?

2）Whenwasthehousebuilt?

3）Whatwas/isthetableusedfor?

4）Whatis/wasthewinemadefrom?

5）Wherewerethephotostaken?

3.1）B2）D3）B4）D5）C6）D7）D

被动语态

（二）

主动变被动应注意的几个问题

1．带复合宾语的句子如何改为被动语态：

1）将带复合宾语的句子改为被动语态时，把主动结构中的宾语改成主语，宾语补足语保留在谓语后面。

Wealwayskeeptheclassroom（宾语）clean（宾语补足语）．我们经常使教室保持干净。

→Theclassroom（原宾语）isalwayskeptclean.

Ifindthebook（宾语）veryinteresting（宾语补足语）．我发现这本书很有趣。

→Thebook（原宾语）isfoundveryinteresting.

2）下列动词后接动词作宾语补足语时应省去to，若改为被动语态，to必须还原。

感到feel；听hear,listento；使，让make；看see,lookat,watch,notice

Ioftenhearhimsingthesong.我经常听见他唱歌。

→Heisoftenheardtosingthesong.

Hemademeworkallday.他让我整天工作。

→Iwasmadetoworkallday.

2．带双宾语的句子如何改为被动语态：

带双宾语的句子改为被动语态时，通常将间接宾语改成主语，而直接宾语保留下来。

有时也可把直接宾语改为主语，间接宾语前加上to或for。

主动：

Wegavehim（间接宾语）awarmwelcome（直接宾语）．我们热烈欢迎他。

→He（原间接宾语）wasgivenawarmwelcome（直接宾语）．

→Awarmwelcome（原直接宾语）wasgiventohim（间接宾语）．

主动：

Mymothermademe（间接宾语）anewdress（直接宾语）．母亲给我做了件新衣。

→I（原间接宾语）wasmadeanewdress.（直接宾语）．

→Anewdress（原直接宾语）wasmadeforme（间接宾语）．

下列动词引导的双宾语句子在把直接宾语改为主语时，间接宾语前加to：

award授予bring带来give给hand交给leave遗赠

lend借出mail寄给offer提供pass传给pay支付给

下列动词引导的双宾语句子在把直接宾语改为主语时，间接宾语前加for：

boil煮沸book预订bring带来build建筑buy买

make制作order订购pick摘prepare准备reach够取

3．带宾语从句的句子改为被动语态的两个句型：

①宾语从句的主语+be+主句谓语的过去分词+宾语从句谓语的不定式

②It+be+主句谓语的过去分词+that+原宾语从句

Peoplesaysheknowsfivelanguages.人们说他懂5种语言。

→Sheissaidtoknowfivelanguages.

→Itissaidthatsheknowsfivelanguages.

WebelievethebookhasbeentranslatedintoEnglish．我们相信这书已被翻译成英语。

→ThebookisbelievedtohavebeentranslatedintoEnglish.

→ItisbelievedthatthebookhasbeentranslatedintoEnglish.

EXERCISES

1．将下列句子改为被动语态：

1）Somebodyhascleanedtheroom.

2）Theyhaveputoffthemeeting.

3）Somebodyisusingthecomputeratthemoment.

4）Theyarebuildinganewroadaroundthecity.

5）Youcanfinishtheseexercises.

2.根据汉语意思完成下列句子：

1）这本书写得很好。

Thebook____________________________________________.

2）我的新自行车昨天被偷了。

Mynewbike_________________________________________.

3）我听说这儿要新建一座博物馆。

Ihearanewmuseum___________________________________.

4）所有这些问题都必须回答。

Allthesequestionsmust_________________________________.

5）人们给他一本新书。

（两种译法）

He____________________.Anewbook____________________.

3．选择最佳答案填空：

1）Thepizzabymymother.Wouldyouliketohavesome?

A.makesB.wasmakingC.madeD.wasmade

2）—DidJackcometoourpartyyesterday?

—No,he.

A.wasn'tinvitedB.didn'tinviteC.isn'tinvitedD.hasn'tinvited

3）—Thesebananaslookdifferentandtheyaresweet.

—Right.TheyherefromTaiwanyesterday.

A.wasbroughtB.werebroughtC.bringD.arebrought

4）—Whoisthelittleboyinthepicture?

—It'sme.Thepicture10yearsago.

A.tookB.istakenC.hastakenD.wastaken

5）—Susan,whyareyoustillhere?

Theyareallreadytostart.

—I'msorry,butIwhentomeet.

A.don'ttellB.didn'ttellC.haven'ttoldD.wasn'ttold

6）Therecorderyesterday.ItworksOKnow.

A.repairedB.wasrepairedC.hasrepairedD.willberepaired

7）Manyoldhousesaroundourschoolnextyearandalargegreenareawillappear.

A.pulldownB.willbepulleddown

C.willpulldownD.arepulleddown

【Keys】

1.1）Theroomhasbeencleaned.

2）Themeetinghasbeenputoff.

3）Thecomputerisbeingusedatthemoment.

4）Anewroadisbeingbuiltaroundthecity.

5）Theseexercisescanbefinished.

2.1）iswellwritten2）wasstolenyesterday

3）willbebuilthere4）beanswered

5）wasgivenanewbook;wasgiventohim.

3.1）D2）A3）B4）D5）D6）B7）B

强化练习

I.Choosethebestanswer.

（）1.AtoymonkeytothechildasapresentonChristmasDaylastyear.

A.gaveB.isgivenC.wasgivenD.wasgiving

（）2.Insomeplaces,littletomakesmokeclean.

A.doesB.isdoneC.hasdoneD.isdoing

（）3.Hisheadmustatonce.

A.operateB.operateon

C.beoperatedD.beoperatedon

（）4.Thepersonsunder16yearsoldshouldn'ttogototheInternetBar.

A.toallowB.beallowingC.beallowedD.allow

（）5.ThesecondregionalmeetingonbirdfluinVietnamnotlongago.

A.heldB.washeldC.willheldD.willbeheld

（）6.MrSmith,togetherwithhiswife,toattendthepartylastweek.

A.invitedB.wasinvitedC.wereinvitedD.toinvite

（）7.Thewindowbythenaughtyboyyesterday.

A.breaksB.brokeC.isbrokenD.wasbroken

（）8.Footballeverywhereintheworld.

A.areplayedB.isplayedC.isplayingD.wasplaying

（）9.Allthequestionsonthepaper.

A.answerB.areanswered

C.willanswerD.areanswering

（）10.Thebabypandaisbythenurses.

A.takecareB.takencare

C.takencareofD.takecareof

（）11.Englishisbytravelersintheworld.

A.usedB.usingC.useD.touse

（）12.Trafficrulesmustbythedrivers.

A.obeyB.obeyC.beobeyedD.isobeyed

（）13.Thefoodandmedicineshouldatalowtemperature.

A.keepB.bekeptC.keepingD.kept

（）14.Inthatsmallcity,thegirlstogooutatnight.

A.isn'tallowedB.mustn'tallowed

C.aren'tallowedD.wasn'tallowed

（）15.Englishbymanypeopleasasecondlanguage.

A.arelearntB.werelearnt

C.learntD.islearnt

（）16.ItissaidthataChildren'sPalacebytheminthatcityin2008.

A.willbuiltB.hasbuilt

C.willbebuiltD.arebuilt

（）17.WhenIwasinEngland,thatrestaurantatthattime.

A.iswelcomedB.waswelcomed

C.waswelcomingD.welcomes

（）18.Newlaws__________________tofightpollutioninthenearfutureinChina.

A.willbemadeB.willmake

C.ismadeD.havemade

（）19.Thewetclothesoutside,ortheywon'tbedryeasily.

A.shouldhangupB.shouldhungup

C.shouldbehungupD.shouldbehangedup

（）20.Where_______________theWorldExpo2010?

A.is,heldB.will,beheld

C.was,heldD.has,beenheld

II.TurnthefollowingsentencesIntopassivevoice.

1.Theywritemanybusinessletterseveryday.

Manybusinessletters____________________________everyday.

2.MostofthepeopleinthatCountryspeakFrench.

French_____________________________bymostofthepeopleinthatcountry.

3.Thousandsofpeoplevisitth