综合英语4Unit 10 Vocabulary.docx
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综合英语4Unit 10 Vocabulary.docx
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综合英语4Unit10Vocabulary
Unit10TheIdiocyofUrbanLife
1.civil:
a.
(1)礼貌的[OPP]uncivil
e.g.Hismannerwascivil,thoughnotparticularlyfriendly.
He’dbeencarefultobeciviltoeveryone.
ThelesstimeIhavetospendbeingciviltohimthebetter!
(2)公民的
e.g.civilrights:
basicrightsthatallpeopleinasocietyshouldhave
civilaviation:
民用航空aviationrelatingtoordinarypeopleratherthanmilitaryforces
(3)oforoccurringwithinthestateorbetweenoramongcitizensofthestate
e.g.civilwar:
内战warbetweengroupsinacountry
civilservant/service文职公务员/文职人员
Derivations:
civilizev.raisefromabarbarictoacivilizedstate
e.g.Schoolswillhelptocivilizethewildtribesthere.
civillyad.谦恭地,礼貌地
e.g.Shegreetedhimcivillybutwithnosignofaffection.
2.echo:
v.回音,附和,模仿
(1)[vi.]ifasoundechoes,youhearitagainbecauseitwasmadenearsomethingsuchasawallorhill
e.g.Thesoundofanengineechoesbackfromthethickforest.
从茂密的森里里传来引擎的回声。
Herfootstepsechoedintheemptyroom.
Collocations:
echo+through/round
e.g.Hecouldheareerienoisesechoingthroughthecorridors.
他可以听见恐怖的噪音在走廊里回荡。
Thegunshotechoedthroughtheforest.
(2)[vi.]ifaplaceechoes,itisfilledwithsoundsthatarerepeatedoraresimilartoeachother
Collocation:
echo+with
e.g.Thestreetechoedwiththecriesofchildren.
(3)[vt.]torepeatanideaoropinionbecauseyouagreewithit
e.g.ThearticlesimplyechoedtheNRA’sargumentsagainstguncontrol.
(NRA=NationalRifleAssociation)
✧turningforestsintolies:
doingpropagandawork;printingliesonpaper
3.cruise:
v.巡航,漫游,乘船游览
(1)[vi.&vt.]totravelinashiporboatvisitingdifferentplaces,esp.asaholiday/vacation
cruise+ad./prepe.g.TheycruiseddowntheNile.
cruise+sthe.g.WespenttwoweekscruisingtheBahamas.
TheywillbegoingcruisingtheGreekislandsnextweek.
aneveningspentcruisingtheRiverSeine
在塞纳河上巡游的一个夜晚
(2)[vi.]cruise+ad./prep.(ofacar,plane,etc.)totravelatasteadyspeed
e.g.alightaircraftcruisingat4000feet
acruisingspeedof50milesanhour
cruise:
n.[C]
ajourneybysea,visitingdifferentplaces,especiallyasaholiday/vacation
e.g.I’dlovetogoonaround-the-worldcruise.
aluxurycruiseship
4.inhabitant:
n.居民
apersonorananimalthatlivesinaparticularplace
e.g.theoldestinhabitantofthevillage
atownof11,000inhabitants
Derivations:
inhabiteda.有人居住的withpeopleoranimalslivingthere[OPP]uninhabited
e.g.Theislandisnolongerinhabited.
Thebuildingisnowinhabitedbybirds.
Thecottagehadnotbeeninhabitedforawhile.
inhabitsth.居住于…(formal)toliveinaparticularplace
e.g.someoftherarespeciesthatinhabitthearea
HereflectedonwhatastrangeworldStephenandVeronicainhabited.
habitat:
栖息地[C&U]theplacewhereaparticulartypeofanimalorplantisnormallyfound
e.g.Thepanda’snaturalhabitatisthebambooforest.
Themarshesprovidearichhabitatforwaterplants.
thedestructionofwildlifehabitat
habitation:
n.居住,住所
(1)[U]theactoflivinginaplace
e.g.Theylookedaroundforanysignsofhabitation.
Thehouseswereunfitforhumanhabitation(=notcleanorsafeenoughforpeopletolivein).
(2)[C](formal)aplacewherepeoplelive
e.g.Theroadservesthescatteredhabitationalongthecoast.
habitant:
n.alesscommonwordfor‘inhabitant’
habitable:
可居住的,适宜居住的a.suitableforpeopletolivein[OPP]uninhabitable
e.g.Thehouseshouldbehabitablebythenewyear.
habitability:
n.可居住性
✧sleek:
a.光滑的,圆滑的,打扮高贵的,优美豪华的(sleeker,sleekest)
(1)(approving)smoothandshiny[SYN]glossy
e.g.sleekblackhair乌黑光滑的头发
thesleekdarkheadofaseal
(2)(approving)havinganelegantsmoothshapeandbeingexpensive
e.g.asleekyacht一艘豪华游艇
thesleeklinesofthenewcar新款汽车的优美外型
(3)(oftendisapproving)(ofaperson)lookingrich,anddressedinelegantandexpensiveclothes
e.g.asleekandambitiouspolitician
sleekbusinessmen
✧well-groomed:
梳洗整洁的,被小心照料的a.(ofaperson)lookingclean,neatandcarefullydressed;withcarefullytendedhair,clothes,etc.
✧reign:
v.统治,支配.n.君主在位期
(1)[vi.]toruleasking,queen,emperor,etc
e.g.thereigningmonarch
QueenVictoriareignedfrom1837to1901.
reignoversb./sth.统治,支配HerodreignedoverPalestineatthattime.
(2)[vi.](~oversb/sth)tobethebestormostimportantinaparticularsituationorareaofskill
e.g.thereigningchampion
Inthefieldofclassicalmusic,hestillreignssupreme.
5.urbane:
a.(especiallyofaman)温文尔雅的,彬彬有礼的
e.g.Shedescribeshimasurbaneandcharming.她把他描述为温文尔雅、富有魅力。
Neilwasurbane,witty,directandhonest.尼尔温文尔雅,幽默机智,坦率诚实。
Derivations:
urbanely:
ad.文雅地
urbanity:
n.[U]谦恭,文雅,都市风格/e’baeniti/
urban:
a.都市的,城市的
urbanize:
v.使城市化
urbanization:
n.城市化
urbanized:
a.城市化的
urbanite:
n.apersonwholivesinatownorcity都市人/’ebennait/
✧insomniac:
n.&a.失眠的,引起失眠的,失眠患者
(1)[n.]sb.whocannotsleep
e.g.Insomniacsdonotsleepbecausetheyworryaboutit,andtheyworryaboutitbecausetheydonotsleep.
(2)[a.]experiencingoraccompaniedbysleeplessness
e.g.insomniacoldpeople
insomniacnights:
sleeplessnight
✧ratrace:
fiercecompetitionamongpeople激烈的竞争
e.g.Ireallywanttogetoutoftheratrace.
我真的想要远离这种你争我夺的生活。
Theylongedtoescapefromtheratraceandmovetothecountryside.
他们渴望能够摆脱无情的竞争搬到乡下去。
6.congregate:
vi.tocometogetherinagroup聚拢,聚集,收集
e.g.Youngpeopleoftencongregateinthemainsquareintheevenings.
CrowdsbegantocongregatetohearthePresident’sspeech.
人群开始聚拢来聆听总统的演讲。
VisitorscongregatedonSundayafternoonstoviewpublicexhibitions.
游客们周日下午聚集起来观看公开展览。
Derivations:
congregation:
n.人群,教堂会众[C+singularorpluralverb]
congregational:
a.会众的,集合的,公理教会的
Congregationalism:
n.公理会
Congregationalist:
n.公理会之教友
7.gregarious:
a.爱社交的,群居的
(1)likingtobewithotherpeople[SYN]sociable
e.g.Sheissuchagregariousandoutgoingperson.
她就是这样一个爱社交而且外向的人。
(2)(biology)(ofanimalsorbirds)livingingroups
e.g.Snowgeeseareverygregariousbirds.雪雁是种群居的鸟类。
Derivations:
gregariousness:
n.[U]群集性,合群度
gregariously:
ad.
8.lunacy:
n.[U]精神失常,愚行
asituationorbehaviorthatiscompletelycrazy[SYN]madness
e.g.Itwouldbesheerlunacytoturndownajobofferlikethat.
Derivation:
lunatic:
(1)n.[C]someonewhobehavesinacrazyorverystupidway–oftenusedhumorously
e.g.Thishotelisrunbyalunatic!
(2)a.[onlybeforenoun]
e.g.lunaticbehavior
✧exurb:
n.[美国英语]城市远郊富裕阶层(或家庭)的住宅区,城市远郊
✧rururb:
n.
anareasharingruralandurbanwaysoflife
9.disdain:
v.&n.蔑视(formal)
(1)[vt.]thinkoneselfsuperiorto;reject;havenorespectforsomeoneorsomething,becauseyouthinktheyarenotimportantorgoodenough
e.g.Theoldermusiciansdisdainthenew,rock-influencedmusic.
Childcarewasseenaswomen’swork,andmendisdainedit.
(2)torefusetodosomethingbecauseyouaretooproudtodoit
e.g.Butlerdisdainedtoreply.
Ournewneighborsseemtobedisdainingtospeaktous.
Collocations:
disdaintodosth不屑做…
withdisdain鄙夷地
e.g.Shewatchedmewithdisdain.
alookofcompletedisdain
disdainfor对…的蔑视
e.g.hisdisdainforcapitalism
Derivations:
disdainful:
a.鄙视的,蔑视的
disdainfully:
ad.
Collocation:
disdainfulofe.g.professorwhoaredisdainfulofpopularentertainment
✧simulation:
模拟,仿真,赝品n.[C&U]
e.g.simulationtest模拟考试
acomputersimulationusedtotrainairlinepilots
Iwasquitedeceivedbyhersimulationofsorrow.
Collocation:
simulationof
e.g.asimulationofarainforestenvironment
Derivations:
simulatevt.模拟,假装(formal)
e.g.amachinethatsimulatesconditionsinspace
Interviewscanbesimulatedintheclassroom.
Incheapfurniture,plasticisoftenusedtosimulatewood.
e.g.Hefounditimpossibletosimulategrief.
AnnesimulatedpleasureatseeingSimon,butreallyshewishedhehadn’tcome.
simulated:
a.notreal,butmadetolook,sound,orfeelreal
e.g.asimulatednuclearexplosion
Shelookedatthereportwithsimulatedinterest.
simulator:
n.模拟器[C]amachinethatisusedfortrainingpeoplebylettingthemfeelwhatrealconditionsarelike,forexampleinaplane模拟器
e.g.aflightsimulator
10.prim:
a.
(1)拘谨的;呆板的veryformalandcarefulinthewayyouspeakandbehaveandeasilyshockedbyanythingrude
e.g.Sheismuchtooprimandpropertogointoapub.
Shelookedprimandnervousinherbesthatandcoat.
(2)整洁的primclothesareneatandformal
e.g.aprimsuit
Derivation:
primly:
ad.
✧pretense:
借口,假装(BrE.pretence)n.[singular,U]
(1)awayofbehavingwhichisintendedtomakepeoplebelievesomethingthatisnottrue
Collocations:
pretensethat
e.g.thepretensethattheoldsystemcouldbemadetowork
pretenseof/at(being/doing)sth
e.g.apretenseatseriousness
Tollittmadenopretenseofbeingsurprised.
Howlongareyougoingtokeepupthepretenseofbeingill?
underthepretenseof(doing)sth以…为托词
e.g.Johnwaitedforherunderthepretenseoftyinghisshoelaces.
Itwasallanelaboratepretense.
abandon/giveup/dropapretense
e.g.Abandoninganypretenseatpoliteness,theyranforthedoor.
under/onfalsepretenses:
withouttellingthetruthaboutyourselforyourintentions以虚假的借口,以欺骗手段
e.g.Youbroughtmehereunderfalsepretenses!
✧bosky:
a.有丛林的;矮林丛生的
(literary)containingorconsistingofbushesorthickets
e.g.aboskywood
11.quaintly:
ad.离奇有趣地,古雅别致地
quaint:
a.(quainter,quaintest)古色古香的,离奇有趣的
unusualandattractive,especiallyinanold-fashionedway
e.g.aquaintlittlevillageinYorkshire约克郡一个古色古香的小村庄
asmall,quainttownwithn
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