英语论文威尼斯商人人物分析.docx
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英语论文威尼斯商人人物分析.docx
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英语论文威尼斯商人人物分析
英语论文(威尼斯商人人物分析)
摘要
《威尼斯商人》是莎士比亚著名喜剧之一,而剧中的夏洛克更是一个经典形象,被人们一次次的分析。
以前,尤其是16世纪,许多人认为夏洛克贪婪、自私、残酷、狡猾,而他的结局正是这部戏剧称为喜剧的一个原因。
但是随着时间的发展,人们开始重新认识夏洛克,发现从夏洛克角度看是一个悲剧。
夏洛克还有一些以前没被人们发现的特征:
聪明、坦诚、勇敢、富有民族精神,这些特征慢慢地被人们发现。
另外,论文分析了造成夏洛克悲剧结局的原因。
关键词:
夏洛克;宗教;法律;历史;悲剧
MyEvilNotMyFault
——AnAnalysisoftheImageofShylock
1.SocialBackground
1.1TheHistoryoftheJewish
Thisisanoldnationality,andcomesintotheworldwiththebornoftheJudaism.TheystartinArabia,andlivetheirlifealongwiththefloatgrassatfirst.Later,theybecamethefarmingnation.In586BC,manyJewsdescentinto‘BabylonianExile’,andweredispersedallovertheworld.IntheperiodruledbyRome,EmperorCaracallaofRomepromulgatedlawstoalleviateethniccontradictionsin212AD,whichmadetheJewshavethecivilrightofRomeinlaw.ButwiththetimesofRomeendingandtheNordicinvading,theJewsandtheRomecitizenbecamethe‘denizen’.Later,moreandmoreTeutonsChristianise,becameChristians.Thus,theboundarybetween‘denizens’andTeutonsweredisappearinglittlebylittle,theybecameabigfamilywhichallthemembersbelievetheChristian.ButfortheJews,theyinsistontheirbeliefandrefusetoacceptChristianity.Beyondallquestion,thiskindofbehaviormadethema‘denizen’foreverbythoseChristian,althoughtheyescapedfromagriculture,smartJewswerestillactiveinvariousindustriesincity.Untilthe11thcentury,becausemanycountriesinEuropebegantorevitalizing,astheweakforce,theJewscan’tcompetewiththem.Thus,inordertolive,someoftheJewshaveengagedinusury.ButthisbehaviormadeChristianhavemorereasonstoscornthem,forChristians’outlook,usuryisaviolationoftheteachings.TheyconsideredtheJewsjustgotothers’achievement.Butwhat’smoremiserable,therulersofEuropeancountries,throughlevyheavytax,confiscationofproperty,andallkindsofmeanstocheat,robbedthewealthoftheJews.Thismademoneybecomemoreandmoreimportantbecausethemoneyistheonlypassportforthemtoliveinsuchoppressedworld.
FromtheMiddleAgestoearlymoderntimes,manyfolktalesandsongswerepopularwiththeJewishstoryoftheassassinationofChristianchildren.IntheeraofEdwardI(1265-1307)inEngland,EdwardusedtoexpeltheJews,butlater,manyJewsstayedinEnglandinordertoescapepersecutionbySpanishreligiouscourt.TheseJewsformedasmallarea.In1594years,Elizabeth’sphysician—PortugueseJewsLopezwasaccusedofpoisoningqueeninsidiouslyandhewasinterrogated.AlthoughwhenLopezstoodnexttothegallows,heswornhewasloyaltytothequeenandsaidheworshippedJesusChristasthequeen,butinLondon,whethertheywerenobleorcommonpeople,peoplealltendedtobelievethatLopezwasguilty.ThiswasjustbecausehewasaJew,formanyprejudicewerestillkeptfullyandmajesticallyintheMiddleAges.
1.2TheJewishQuestionReflectedinTheMerchantofVenice
ThefilmTheMerchantofVenicetellsussomeinformationatbegin“IntoleranceoftheJewswasafactof16thcenturylifeeveninVenice,themostpowerfulandliberalcitystateinEurope.BylawtheJewswereforcedtoliveintheoldwalledfoundryor‘Geto’areaofthecity.AftersunsetthegatewaslockedandguardedbyChristians.InthedaytimeanymenleavingtheghettohadtoweararedhattomarkhimasaJew.”ThefactofsocialconditioninEnglandin16thcenturywassimilartothefilmdescribedscene.Atthattime,Christianwasinthedriver’sseat,theJewshadtheirownbelief,sotheyhavenotsocialstatusandusuallywerepersecuted.Fromtheeconomicaspect,theJewswereprohibitedtopossessland,theywerenotallowedtohavehouseproperty,becausethoseChristiansandofficialswouldconfiscatetheirproperty,sotheyhadtobeasapettydealer,someofthempracticedusury—thelendingofmoneyatinterest.Thismadethemhavelittlecashandcouldsurvive.Inlaw,manydecreeswerebadfortheJews.AsPortiasaidinthedrama:
ItisenactedinthelawsofVenice,
Ifitbeprovedagainstanalien
Thatbydirectorindirectattempts
Heseekthelifeofanycitizen,
Theparty'gainstthewhichhedothcontrive
Shallseizeonehalfhisgoods;theotherhalf
Comesotheprivycofferofthestate;
Andtheoffender’slifeliesinthemercy
Ofthedukeonly,'gainstallothervoice
(Act
Scene
).
Inaddition,“Jew”hasanothermeaninginEnglish,suchascheapskate,usurer,profiteer.Fromthis,wecouldseethepeople’streatmenttotheJewsinthattime.
2.AnAnalysisofShylock’sCharacters
Asweknow,Shakespeareisamasternomatterpastornow,heleftmanywealthforpeople.Timeandagain,hisworkhavebeenappreciated.Shakespeare’sShylockimageisfreshforeverasotherclassicalfigures.Peoplereadit,consideritagainandagain.Following,itismyopinionaboutShylock.
2.1HatefulShylock
Before,especiallyin16thcentury,thisdramawasacomedynomatterfromwhichside,becausethreepairsoflovershaveperfectresults.ButShylockasanevildoerhasbeenpunished.Intheeraofracialdiscrimination,Shylock’sfinalresult,withoutdoubt,it’sagoodthingforclappingandcheering.WhilethewordswhichdescribeShylockaredisdainful:
greed,cunning,cruelandsoon.LikeShylocksaid,manyChristiansandpeoplewillsaythesameasAntoniosaid“misbeliever,cut-throatdog”.SuchShylock,peoplewilllistmanyreasonsandfactstoillustratehowbadhewas.
HehatesAntonioobviously,andwantstorevengebychance,sohesignsthecontractwhichhewillcutapoundofAntonio’smeatifhecouldn’treturnmoneyontime.ThiswillkillAntoniopossiblyandsolvetheproblemaboutwhichhealwaysworried.Butheartfullysaid“Isay,tobuyhisfavor,Iextendthisfriendship:
Ifhewilltakeit,so;ifnot,adieu;formylove,Iprayyouwrongmenot”
(Act
Scene
).Beinggreedyandstingy,hereprimandshisservantgreedyandtreatshisdaughteralsostringy.WhenheknowshisdaughterescapedwithaChristian,andtakeshimmanyducats,Shylockshoutedinthestreet“Mydaughter!
Oh,myducats!
”andcurses“Iwouldmydaughterweredeadatmyfoot,andthejewelsinherear!
Wouldshewerehearsedatmyfoot,andtheducatsinhercoffin!
”
(Act
Scene
).Certainly,peoplethinktheworstplacewasthathecrowsoverAntonio’sshipweresunk,peoplepersuadedhim,buthesaid“Gaoler,looktohim:
tellmeofmercy;Thisthefoolthatlentoutmoneygratis”
(Act
Scene
).WhenBassaniowantstoreturnhimtwo,threetimesmoney,herefusesandinsistsoncarryingoutthecontract.
Withthedevelopmentoffightingagainstracism,andtheHolocaustbyHitlerduringtheWorldWarⅡ,gradually,thetopicabouttheJewswerenolongerajoke.PeoplefoundTheMerchantofVeniceisnotjustacomedy.WhenweanalyzingitfromShylock,itisatragedy.Moreover,Shylock’stragedyisnolongerajoke,peoplebegantore-analysis.Heisgreedy,becauseheisabusiness;heisausurer,andthisresultsfromsocialconditions.HeiscrueltoAntonio,becausehehatesAntonio,andAntoniospitsonandcurseshim,andthatheborrowsmoneywithoutinterest.ButthesearepartsofShylock’scharacters.Weshouldanalysefromotherpointofview.
2.2DifferentShylock–fromanotherangle
Inthefilm,Shylock’sfirstappearancewasreviledbyAntonio.Forthesituation,ifyouareShylock,whatwillyoudo?
Forthemostpart,youwillfightback.Butinthatsocialcondition,manypeoplehatetheJews,andpushouttheusurerlikeShylock.LikeShylocksaidintheplay“forsufferanceisthebudgeofallourtribe”
(Act
Scene
).Whathedoesisjustwipehisfacewithhissleeve,andwatchatAntonio’sbackwiththehatefulfeelinginhiseyes.Why,asanancientChinesesaying“Alittleimpatience,agreatship”,facingAntonio,howdoesShylocktousetofightagainstAntonio?
Hecandoonlywithpatience.Thereisnomuchjusticeinsociety,IthinkShylockhasagoodcharacter—endurance,justforthischaractermakehimprocessmanyducatsinthattime.
Forthesecondtime,BassanioborrowsmoneyfromShylock.“Threethousandducats;well?
”,“Forthreemonths;well?
”,“Threethousandducats,forthreemonthsand,Antoniobound?
”
(Act
Scene
).FromthesewordsandShylockhesitates,wecouldseecleverShylockknowsBassaniolacksubstanceandhasnoabilitytoreturnmoney,butwhenheknowsAntoniobounded,herecognizesthatthechancecomes.Buthedoesn’tdirectlyfightagainstAntonio.HelistsanexampleofJacobandsayssomecomplainingwords,declared“Andthriftisblessing,ofmenstealisnot.”
(Act
Scene
),thentalkaboutAntoniowhospitsonandcursedhim,buthisnationalspiritmakeshimtolerant.Inthistime,IthinkShylockmustthinklikethat:
Now,youwantborrowmoneyfromme,whatwillIdo?
HowcanIletyougosoeasily?
HemakesAntoniosignsthecontract,andshowshisfriendlywordstoAntonio.HowcouldyousayShylockisn’tclever?
Inthewholedrama,Shylockwasthemostfrankman.Henevermaskhisgreed.Inthemarket,hecanloudlysayhehatesAntonio,“Morethanalodg’dhateandacertainloathingIbearAntonio,thatIfollowthusalosingsuitagainsthim”,“Iamnotboundtopleasetheewithmyanswer”
(Act
Scene
).Likewhathesaid,hejustdidhimself,didn’twanttopleaseothers.WhenBassaniowantedtoreturnhimmoneytwo,threetimes,herefused,andinsistedoncuttingapoundofAntonio’smeat.Ithinkitisonlytherespecttothecontract,butalsotheexpressionofnationalspiritthattheoppressedfightagainsttheChristians.Atthesametime,hehadencouragetofacethefailureandthemisfortune,hecoulddefypower,insistonsettlingtheproblembylaw.Although
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- 关 键 词:
- 英语论文 威尼斯 商人 人物 分析