高三英语二轮复习课时训练二.docx
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高三英语二轮复习课时训练二.docx
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高三英语二轮复习课时训练二
高三英语二轮复习课时训练
(二)
一、阅读理解:
A
Likepeople,plantsexperiencestress.Andalso,likepeople,theresponsetothatstresscandeterminesuccess.
Badenvironmentalconditions,suchasdrought,flood,heatandotherstresses,affectyields(产量)morethancroppestsanddiseases.Wearetryingtofindawaytoequipplantswiththeabilitytotolerateenvironmentalstressandmaintainhighyields,saidStephenHowell,aprofessorofgeneticsandcellbiology.
Plantcellsproduceproteins(蛋白质)andshipthemtodifferentpartsofthecell.Undernormalconditions,theseproteinsarefoldedintotheirnormal,healthystructuresastheyareproduced.Whenaplantisunderstress,itscellsproducepoorlyfoldedorunfoldedproteins.Thenabuiltinsystemsensesthisand“setsoffanalarminthecell,”saidHowell.
Inresponsetothealarm,anotherprotein(IRE1)startsworkingandcreatesadifferentprocesswhichactivates(激活)thestressresponsegeneswhoseproductsbringaboutdefensivemeasuresthathelptheplantsurvive.
“Asitturnsout,responsesthatareactivatedunderstressconditionsactuallyinhibitthegrowthofplants,”saidHowell.“Thisallowsthemtopreservetheirenergytosurvivethestressconditions.”
Forplantsinthewild,thisresponseisahelpforsurvival,hesaid.Inproductionofagriculturecrops,however,thisresponsereducesyields.
“Youdon'twantcropplantstostopgrowing,”Howellsaid.“Youwantthemtocontinuetogrowandproduceeventhoughtheyareunderstress.”
Withthenewunderstandingofthisstressresponse,thenextstepmaybetosilencethealarmsystem,saidHowell.“Whatmaybeimportantistodisablesomeofthesestressresponses.Thatmaymaketheplantmoreproductiveunderstressconditions.”
1.Accordingtothetext,analarmintheplantcellsiscausedby.
A.thefoldedproteins
B.thechangedproteins
C.thedefensivemeasures
D.thestressresponsegenes
2.Theenergypreservedintheplantsunderstressconditions.
A.helpstheplantstosurvive
B.helpstomaintainhighyields
C.keepstheplantsgrowing
D.helpstoproduceproteins
3.Theunderlinedword“inhibit”inParagraph5canbereplacedby“”.
A.preventB.start
C.continueD.promote
4.HowdoesHowellintendtomakecropplantsmaintainhighyieldsunderstressconditions?
A.Bymakingcropplantskeepmoreenergy.
B.Bymakingcropplantsstopgrowing.
C.Bymakingthealarmsystemstopworking.
D.Bymakingthealarmsystemrespondquickly.
B
Astheworld’surbanpopulationgetsbigger,citiesarestrugglingtoprovidethebasicservicesthattheirresidentsneed.Oneofthemostpressingproblemsispublictransport.TakealookatthecrisisfacingthecityofLondon.Atnotimeinhistoryhastherebeensuchamassmigrationofpeoplefromcountrysidetocityasishappeningnow.Bytheyear2030,it’sestimatedthatmorethantwothirdsoftheworld’spopulationwillbelivingincities—twiceasmanyastoday.Thismeansthattheproblemsfacedbycitiestoday—overcrowding,poorhousing,unemployment,poverty,andlackoffoodandwater—willbetwiceasbadinthenextcentury,unlesswefindsolutionssoon.
Londonisagoodexampleoftheproblemsfacingmanymajorurbancenters.Itwastheworld’sfirstmegacity—thefirstwithapopulationofamillionpeople.Itsexpansionwasmadepossiblebytheinventionofthesteamengine,which,amongotherthings,poweredtheworld’sfirstundergroundrailway.
Today,Londonhasoneoftheworld’smostextensivetransportsystems.But,becauseitwasthefirstcitytobuildarailwaynetwork,muchoftheinfrastructure—thetrainsandbuses,thetracksandtunnels—isnowhopelesslyout-of-date,andneedsurgentmodernization.
London’sfuturesuccessdependsverymuchontransport.ThecityliesattheheartofBritain’sroadandrailnetworksandproblemsinLondoncanrapidlyaffectotherareasofthecountry.Onanaveragemorning,overgroundtrainsbringpassengerstostationsontheoutskirtsofthecity,andtheythencontinuetheirjourneysbyunderground,busortaxi.
5.Morethantwothirdsoftheworld’spopulationwillbelivingincitiesinyears.
A.30B.23C.17D.2007
6.Withthedevelopmentofsocietyisbecomingoneofthemostseriousproblemsofcities.
A.poorhousingB.povertyC.unemploymentD.publictransport
7.Theunderlinedword“megacity”inparagraphtwomeans.
A.acitywithapopulationofamillionpeople.
B.acitywiththeproblemofpublictransport.
C.acitywithalotofcarfactories.
D.acitywithmuchpollution.
8.TherailwaynetworkofLondonis.
A.veryhelpfulB.ingooduse
C.behindthetimesD.first-class
9.IfLondonwantstodevelopfast,itshouldsolvetheproblemoffirst.
A.transportB.housing
C.waterandelectricityD.theworkingconditionsofworkers
二、完形填空:
Veryfewofusbecomefluentinanotherlanguagebystudyingitinhighschool.ImadeanefforttokeepupthelittlebitofFrenchthatIlearnedinschool,buteventuallyrealizedthatthiswas1.Iwaswellawarethatnewlanguagesarebestlearnedwhen2,andthatourabilitiesinthatregarddeclinewithage.3,justbeforemy50thbirthday,I4forFrenchclasses.
AfterIwas5toseewhichgroupIbelongedin,Iwas6atalmosttheintroductorylevel.Ifoundthatitreallywastruethatcertainlinguistic(语言的)abilities7withage.WhileI'dalwaysthoughtofmyselfasa(n)8learner,thatwasnolongerthecase.Iabsorbednewvocabularyvery9.WhatIlearnedoneweekagoseemedto10assoonasIlearnedthenextskill.
Now,acoupleofyearslater,IcanlistentothenewsinFrenchand1190percentofitonthefirsttryandreadanovelifit'snottoodifficult.
WhoknowswhatImightstill12?
I'velearnedsomuch13grammarandvocabulary.I'vemetpeoplefromaroundtheworldandallwalksoflifewhohavethe14tomakefoolsofthemselvesinorderto15somethingnew.I'vebeentaughtbypatientandinspirationalteachersfrommany16oftheworld,includingFrance,EasternEurope,theCaribbeanandAfrica.
Listeningtothenewsasitis17tothepeopleofFrance,Ihavearenewed18ofhowsomethingcanlookcompletelydifferentfromanother19.I'velearnedthatalanguageisnotjustasetofwords,butawayof20.Butmostofall,I'velearnedthatitreallyisnevertoolatetolearnsomethingnew.
1.A.unbelievableB.PointlessC.unbearableD.valueless
2.A.energeticB.CuriousC.youngD.old
3.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.BesidesD.Meanwhile
4.A.soughtB.RegisteredC.foughtD.prepared
5.A.interviewedB.ChallengedC.askedD.tested
6.A.restrictedB.WithdrawnC.appointedD.placed
7.A.fadeB.RemainC.disappearD.improve
8.A.autonomousB.AverageC.quickD.dull
9.A.easilyB.SlowlyC.steadilyD.rapidly
10.A.crowdinB.makesenseC.slipawayD.buildup
11.A.catchB.ReciteC.shareD.repeat
12.A.completeB.OverlookC.performD.accomplish
13.A.exceptB.BeyondC.throughD.including
14.A.confidenceB.AbilityC.patienceD.courage
15.A.learnB.ExperienceC.exploreD.possess
16.A.organizationsB.CornersC.classesD.races
17.A.updatedB.SpreadC.presentedD.conveyed
18.A.understandingB.AttitudeC.knowledgeD.judgment
19.A.mannerB.AspectC.angleD.direction
20.A.studyingB.WorkingC.livingD.Thinking
三、短文改错:
Someoneasksmewhatontheearthhappinessmeans?
Ican’tgiveyoutheexactlydefinitionofit,butI’msureifyouloveandhelpothers,you’llgetit.
I’llneverforgetanoldlady.Shelivesasmallhousealone.It’ssaidthatherhusbandandhersondieinatrafficaccident.Howbitterherlifeis!
Buttheoldladyoftenhelpedotherswithasmile.Whereveritsnows,sheisalwaysthefirsttocleanthepaths.Shelooksafterseveralchildrenlivingnearby.Iamoneofthose.Ioftenrememberthestoriesshetoldusbutherkindsmile.Perhapssheislucky,butIthinksheisahappyperson.Herlifefulloflaughterandlove.
答案与解析:
一、阅读理解:
本文是一篇说明文。
植物像人一样,也有压力,而它们对压力的反应能决定高产与否。
Howell打算通过使植物中的“警报”停止工作来使作物保持高产量。
1.B[细节理解题。
根据文章第三段中的“Whenaplantisunderstress,itscellsproducepoorlyfoldedorunfoldedproteins.Thenabuiltinsystemsensesthisand‘setsoffanalarminthecell,’saidHowell.”可知植物细胞里的警报装置是由蛋白质的变化导致的。
]
2.A[细节理解题。
根据文章第四段“Inresponsetothealarm,anotherprotein(IRE1)startsworkingandcreatesadifferentprocesswhichactivates(激活)thestressresponsegeneswhoseproductsbringaboutdefensivemeasuresthathelptheplantsurvive.”可知植物中储存的这些能量有助于植物存活。
]
3.A[词义猜测题。
根据文章倒数第二段中的“‘Youdon'twantcropplantstostopgrowing’”可知处于压力下被激活的这些反应事实上阻止了植物的生长。
]
4.C[细节理解题。
根据文章最后一段“Withthenewunderstandingofthisstressresponse,thenextstepmaybetosilencethealarmsystem”中的“silencethealarmsystem”可知Howell打算通过使警报停止工作来使作物保持高产量。
]
5.C数字计算题。
从第一段第五句中的2030可以推断出。
6.D细节理解题。
从第一段第二句中可以看出。
7.A词义猜测题。
从该词后的补充解释中可以看出。
8.C细节理解题。
从第三段最后一句中可以看出。
9.A细节理解题。
从第四段第一句中可以看出。
二、完形填空:
本文是一篇记叙文。
本文通过作者学习法语的经历告诉我们要活到老,学到老。
1.B[根据空格所在句的内容可知,“我”想努力保留在学校学的那一点法语,但最终意识到是无意义的(pointless)。
]
2.C[根据后半句中的ourabilitiesinthatregarddeclinewithage并结合常识可知,年轻的(young)时候学习新语言的效果是最好的,故选C。
]
3.A[根据语境可知,在50岁生日之前,“我”注册(register)了法语课,并结合上文提到的“年轻的时候学习新语言的效果是最好的”可知,此处表示转折关系,故选A。
]
4.B[参见上题解析。
]
5.D[根据空后的toseewhichgroupIbelongedin并结合语境可知,经过测试(test)来看“我”属于哪一个团体之后,“我”被归(place)为几乎是初级水平,故选D。
]
6.D[参见上题解析。
]
7.A[根据第一段中的ourabilitiesinthatregarddeclinewithage并结合常识可推知,某些语言的能力会随着年龄的增加而逐渐消失(fade=graduallydisappear)。
]
8.C[根据语境可推知,作者一直认为自己是一个敏锐的(quick)学习者,但却不再是这样了,故选C。
]
9.B[结合语境及上题解析可推知,作者掌握新词汇的速度很慢,故选B。
]
10.C[根据语境可知,“我”一学习下一个技能,一个星期前学的就消失(slipaway)了,故选C。
]
11.A[根据语境可推知,“我”第一遍听法语新闻时能够理解(catch)90%的内容。
]
12.D[根据语境可知,谁知道“我”仍可能实现(accomplish)什么呢?
故选D。
]
13.B[根据下文的内容可知,作者认为自己学到的不仅仅是法语的语法和词汇,故选B。
beyond意为“除……之外”。
]
14.D[根据空后的makefoolsofthemselvesinordertosomethingnew可知,此处表示作者遇到了来自世界各行各业的人,他们有勇气(courage)使自己(看起来)愚蠢以学(lear
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