雅思阅读十大场景文章赏析.docx
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雅思阅读十大场景文章赏析.docx
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雅思阅读十大场景文章赏析
雅思阅读场景赏析举例
一.动物类:
PolarBearsListedasThreatened
PolarbearswereaddedtothelistofthreatenedspeciesandwillreceivespecialprotectionunderU.S.law.Inhisstatement,SecretaryoftheInteriorDirkKempthornenotedthatthedeclineofArcticseaiceisthegreatestthreattothebears.
PolarbearsliveintheArcticandhuntsealsandotherfattymarinemammalsfromseaice.Theyalsotravel,mate,andsometimesgivebirthontheice.Butseaiceismeltingastheplanetwarms,anditispredictedtocontinuetodosoforseveralmoredecades.
"Becausepolarbearsarevulnerabletothislossofhabitat,theyare—inmyjudgment—likelytobecomeendangeredintheforeseeablefuture,"Kempthornesaid.
Althoughmanyscientistssaythathumanactivityisdirectlyresponsibleforthemeltingseaice,thenewpolarbearprotectionswillnotchangeU.S.climatepolicy.
TheU.S.classifiesthepolarbearasamarinemammal,whichmeansthatthebear'snewthreatenedstatuswillnotstopoilexplorationwithinitshabitat. Huntingofpolarbearsasafoodsourcebycertainnativepeopleandtradeinnativehandicraftsmadefrompolarbearswillalsocontinue.However,importingpolarbearproductsfromCanada(wheretrophyhuntingislegal)willbebanned.
ScottBergenisalandscapeecologistwiththeNewYork-basedWildlifeConservationSocietyandacontributingauthortoU.S.GeologicalSurveystudiesreleasedin2007thatfoundtwo-thirdsoftheworld'spolarbearscouldgoextinctby2050.HeandotherWCSstaffare"almostelated"withthedecision,hesaid.
"Eventhoughitdoesn'tdirectlyinfluencecarbonemissionssotospeak,wethinkitisadefinitedecisionintherightdirectionandwe'repleasedtoseetheFishandWildlifeServiceissupportingthebestscienceonthisspecies,"headded.
Bergennotedthatsavingthepolarbearwilldependoninternationalcooperation.Permanentsea-icehabitatislikelytoremaininareasoutsideoftheU.S.,particularlyinCanadaandGreenland.
ScientistsviewtheseareasasrefugesthatcouldallowsomepolarbearpopulationstosurviveoverthelongtermandrepopulatetheArcticiftemperaturesdecreaseandseaicereturns.
"Ifyoutakealong-termview—meaningahundred-yearviewintothefuture,"hesaid,"polarbears'existenceisnotnecessarilytotallydependentonwhathappensintheUnitedStates."
PolarbearswereaddedtothelistofthreatenedspeciesandwillreceivespecialprotectionunderU.S.law.Inhisstatement,SecretaryoftheInteriorDirkKempthornenotedthatthedeclineofArcticseaiceisthegreatestthreattothebears.
PolarbearsliveintheArcticandhuntsealsandotherfattymarinemammalsfromseaice.Theyalsotravel,mate,andsometimesgivebirthontheice.Butseaiceismeltingastheplanetwarms,anditispredictedtocontinuetodosoforseveralmoredecades.
"Becausepolarbearsarevulnerabletothislossofhabitat,theyare—inmyjudgment—likelytobecomeendangeredintheforeseeablefuture,"Kempthornesaid.
Althoughmanyscientistssaythathumanactivityisdirectlyresponsibleforthemeltingseaice,thenewpolarbearprotectionswillnotchangeU.S.climatepolicy.
TheU.S.classifiesthepolarbearasamarinemammal,whichmeansthatthebear'snewthreatenedstatuswillnotstopoilexplorationwithinitshabitat. Huntingofpolarbearsasafoodsourcebycertainnativepeopleandtradeinnativehandicraftsmadefrompolarbearswillalsocontinue.However,importingpolarbearproductsfromCanada(wheretrophyhuntingislegal)willbebanned.
ScottBergenisalandscapeecologistwiththeNewYork-basedWildlifeConservationSocietyandacontributingauthortoU.S.GeologicalSurveystudiesreleasedin2007thatfoundtwo-thirdsoftheworld'spolarbearscouldgoextinctby2050.HeandotherWCSstaffare"almostelated"withthedecision,hesaid.
"Eventhoughitdoesn'tdirectlyinfluencecarbonemissionssotospeak,wethinkitisadefinitedecisionintherightdirectionandwe'repleasedtoseetheFishandWildlifeServiceissupportingthebestscienceonthisspecies,"headded.
Bergennotedthatsavingthepolarbearwilldependoninternationalcooperation.Permanentsea-icehabitatislikelytoremaininareasoutsideoftheU.S.,particularlyinCanadaandGreenland.
ScientistsviewtheseareasasrefugesthatcouldallowsomepolarbearpopulationstosurviveoverthelongtermandrepopulatetheArcticiftemperaturesdecreaseandseaicereturns.
"Ifyoutakealong-termview—meaningahundred-yearviewintothefuture,"hesaid,"polarbears'existenceisnotnecessarilytotallydependentonwhathappensintheUnitedStates."
READINGPASSAGETOPIC:
文章结构
体裁
说明文
主题
北极熊
段落概括
A段
北极熊濒危
B段
北极熊保护对政策的影响
C段
倡议国际合作保护北极熊
本节考查词汇
A段
threaten
威胁
directly
直接的,立即
responsiblefor
是造成…的原因
marinemammals
海洋哺乳动物
vulnerable
易受攻击的
judgment
判断
decades.
十年
melting
融化的
foreseeable
可预知的
B段
classify
分类.分等
policy
政策方针
status
情形,状况
source
来源
exploration
探险,探测
tradein
抵价购物
handicrafts
手工艺
ban
禁止
C段
landscape
美化
International
cooperation
国际合作
WildlifeConservation
野生生物资源保护
contributingto
捐献
GeologicalSurvey
地质勘测
released
版本,发布
extinct
灭绝的
existence
存在
refuges
避难所
Wildlife
野生动植物
参考译文
A北极熊已经被列入濒危物种的行列之中,而且会在美国法律中受到特殊的保护。
Kempthorne在他的陈述中表明北冰洋的衰退时对于北极熊最大的威胁。
北极熊栖居在北极,以猎食海豹和其他海洋哺乳动物为生。
它们也会迁徙,交配,有时还在冰上繁衍后代。
但是随着全球变暖,海里的冰开始融化,据预测,这样的情况还会再持续几十年。
“因为北极熊对于栖息地的破坏很敏感,在我看来,它们在可预见的未来很有可能濒临灭绝,”Kempthorne说道。
B尽管很多科学家说人类活动是导致冰川融化的直接原因,新的北极熊保护措施不会改变美国的气候政策。
美国把北极熊划为海洋哺乳动物,这就意味着对北极熊的威胁不会阻止在这些动物栖息地内的石油勘探。
当地人对北极熊的捕猎,用北极熊制造手工艺品的贸易,都会继续进行。
然而,从加拿大进口北极熊的产品,将会被禁止。
CScottBergen是纽约野生动物保护协会的一位生态学家,也是美国2007年出版的国家地理调查的作者之一。
该调查发现世界三分之二的北极熊到2050年会灭绝。
他和其他WCS员工几乎对这一决定感到十分肯定。
“尽管这不直接影响到二氧化碳的排放量,我们认为这是一个正确方向的确定的决定,我们很高兴看到FishandWildlifeService支持对于该物种的最佳的保护方案.”他补充道。
Bergen表明拯救北极熊要依靠国际合作,永久的海冰栖息地很可能在美国之外的其他地方继续存在,尤其是在加拿大和格陵兰。
科学家把这些地方看做能够允许一些北极熊长期存活的避难所,如果气温下降,海冰恢复,北极熊还可以重新入住北极。
“如果你从长远来看,未来一百年”他说:
“北极熊的存活不一定完全取决于美国的情况。
”
二.发展史类:
HistoryofRussianArcheology
ArcheologyasscientificstudyofobjectivehistoricalmonumentswaswellestablishedinRussianotuntilthe19thcentury.Describingandcollectingarcheologicalmonuments,however,startedmuchearlier:
relicsofreligioussignificancewerekeptinchurchvestries,whereasvariousantiquevaluablesweregatheredintsars?
treasuries.
Initiallyauthoritiesregardedarcheologicalfindsmerelyashoards;forexampleancientcoinsweremelteddowntomintnewcoins.Yetsomeofourancestors,apparently,recognizedthepossibilityofhistoricalinterestinthefinds:
thus,forinstance,adescriptionofoldmetalobjectsfoundduringthediggingsatIsetRiverunderthereignofTsarAlexeiMikhailovich,hasbeenpreserved.
GovernmentalsupportofarcheologicalstudiesinRussiadatesbacktotheepochofPetertheGreat,whoseorderofFebruary13,1718assignedremunerationforvariousthings?
thatcanbefoundnderthegroundorinwater?
PetertheGreatorderedMessershmidttocollectantiquitiesinSiberia,andtosendurious?
thingsofsilverandgoldtoSaintPetersburgwithoutmeltingthem.
PetertheGreatKunstkammerfoundedin1714wasfilledwithnumerousarcheologicalrarities,especiallythosefromSiberiaandtheEast.LatertheantiquitiesweredeliveredpartlytotheAcademyofSciences,andpartlytotheMoscowcollectionsoftheArmouryChamber,StableYardandWorkshopChamber,andsoon.
UnderthereignofAnnaIoannovnaV.N.Tatishchevwroteaninstructionforgatheringgeographical,ethnographicalandarcheologicaldata;thepaperwasapprovedbytheAcademyofSciencesandsenttoalltheprovincesofRussia.
In1759theAcademyintendingtomakeupanewatlasofRussiaendeavouredtogatherinformationonthelandantiquities.Theyear1761sawtheexpeditionoftheartistGrekovforcopyingiconandfrescoimagesinchurchesandmonasteries.
IntheepochofCatherinetheGreatresearchesdrewupdescriptionsofSiberianandBulgarianantiquities,aswellasPermianandYekaterinoslavbarrows.Inthelate18thcenturyoneofthemostactivefiguresofRussianarcheologywasCountA.I.Musin-Pushkin,theauthorofoneofthefirstattemptsofexpoundingtheantiquities.
TheactivitiesofRussianarcheologistssetitsrightcoursefromtheearly19thcentury,especiallyaftertheestablishmentoftheRussianHistoryandAntiquitiesSociety,whichpublishedarangeofnewsandarticlesonarcheologyinitsissues.OneofthepatronsofarcheologyinthoseyearswasCountN.P.Rumyantsev.In1806rulesformaintainingtheWorkshopandArmouryChambersandkeepinginorderandsafetytherelicskepttherein;nextyearthefirstdescriptionoftheArmouryChamberwasissued.In1822regulationsonpreservingthemonumentsofarcheologyinCrimeaweresetforth.
Theyear1820sawthepublicationofrojectofResearchJourneyaroundRussiaforExplainingSlavicHistory?
byZorianDolugi-Hodakovsky,whoraisedtheissueofancientsettlementsitesanddevelopedapeculiartheorygivingakeytothem.Thecontroversyconcerningtheancientsitesbroughtaboutarangeofpreciousstudies.
EmperorNicholasIissuednumerousregulationsforpreservingancientcastles,fortresses,andhouses.Hisreignismarkedwithsignificantachievementsinarcheology,suchastheactivitiesofAdelung,whodescribedKorsunGatesinKiev,ofKeppen,whocompiledthelistofRussianmonuments,burialmounds,etc.,ofnumismatistFren,ofarcheographersKalaidovichandP.M.Stroyev,ofMetropolitanEvgeny,andmanyotherscholars.
TheactivitiesofOdessaHistoryandAntiquitiesSociety,KerchMuseumandarcheologicalcommitteeattachedtoHisEmperorMajestyCabinetsucceededinascertainingmu
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