大学四级1446.docx

大学四级1446.docx

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大学四级1446

大学四级-1446

（总分：

713.00，做题时间：

90分钟）

一、PartⅠWriting（总题数：

1，分数：

106.00）

1.1.考试作弊屡禁不止

2.考试作弊的原因

3.解决办法

（分数：

106.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：

（[经典范文]

CheatingatExaminations

Cheatingatexaminations[1]haslongbeenaheadacheofschoolauthoritiesalthough[2]everypossibleefforthasbeenmadetostopit.Somestudentsconsidercheatingasaneffectiveapproachtopassexaminationsandsuchcheat[3]hasgivenrisetomanyadverseeffectsonstudents'studyandcareer.

Thereasonsforcheatingatexaminations[4]consistinboththestudentsandtheschools.[5]Thestudentswhocheatatexaminationsarealwaysthosewhodon'tstudyhardorareratherpooratcertainsubjects,sotheyhavenochoicebuttocheat.Meanwhile,goodperformanceinexaminationshasbeenthemostimportantstandardofbeingagoodstudent.Theschoolsoftenevaluateandrankstudentsaccordingtotheirresultsinexaminations,[6]bringingtostudentsgreatpressure.

Thereareatleasttwo[7]applicablewaystosolvethisproblem.First,theschoolsshouldintroduceanewall-roundsystemofevaluatingastudenttoreplacethetraditionalexamination-orientedsystem.Second,morehigh-techmeans,[8]suchasvideosurveillanceandfingerprintidentification,shouldbeemployedtocatchsuchcheat.）

解析：

[写作指南]

这是一篇典型的说明类作文，要求考生先引出“考试作弊屡禁不止”的现象，然后列举两到三个“考试作弊的原因”，最后谈谈解决办法，要具体。

根据写作要求，文章的结构安排如下：

第一段开头段，引出“考试作弊屡禁不止”的现象；

第二段中间段，列举两到三个“考试作弊的原因”；

第三段结尾段，具体谈谈解决办法。

[亮点解析]

[1]意思为“长期以来一直是”，用于描述一个现象。

类似表达法有hasbeen…foralongtime，hasbeen…tillnow等。

[2]意思为“（人们）想方设法”，在这里从侧面强调该现象已根深蒂固。

类似表达法有everymeanshasbeentriedto。

[3]意思为“导致”，用于说明结果。

类似表达法有hasleadto，hasbroughtabout等。

[4]意思为“在于”，用于说明原因。

类似表达法有liein。

[5]对某一对象加以具体说明的结构。

[6]现在分词表示结果。

[7]意思为“可行的”，相当于feasible。

[8]举例说明。

二、PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（总题数：

1，分数：

70.00）

FriendorFoe?

CrowsNeverForgetaFace,ItSeems

Crowsandtheirrelatives—amongthemravens,magpiesandjays—arerenownedfortheirintelligenceandfortheirabilitytoflourishinhuman-dominatedlandscapes.Thatabilitymayhavetodowithcross-speciessocialskills.IntheSeattlearea,whererapidsuburbangrowthhasattractedathrivingcrowpopulation,researchershavefoundthatthebirdscanrecognizeindividualhumanfaces.

JohnM.Marzluff,awildlifebiologistattheUniversityofWashington,hasstudiedcrowsandravensformorethan20yearsandhaslongwonderedifthebirdscouldidentifyindividualresearchers.Previouslytrappedbirdsseemedmorewaryofparticularscientists,andoftenwerehardertocatch."Ithought,'Well,it'sanannoyance,butit'snotreallyhamperingourwork,'"Dr.Marzluffsaid,"ButthenIthoughtweshouldtestitdirectly."

Totestthebirds'recognitionoffacesseparatelyfromthatofclothing,gaitandotherindividualhumancharacteristics,Dr.Marzluffandtwostudentsworerubbermasks.Hedesignatedacavemanmaskas"dangerous"and,inadeliberategestureofcivicgenerosity,aDickCheneymaskas"neutral."Researchersinthedangerousmaskthentrappedandbandedsevencrowsontheuniversity'scampusinSeattle.

Inthemonthsthatfollowed,theresearchersandvolunteersdonnedthemasksoncampus,thistimewalkingprescribedroutesandnotbotheringcrows.

Thecrowshadnotforgotten.Theyscoldedpeopleinthedangerousmasksignificantlymorethantheydidbeforetheyweretrapped,evenwhenthemaskwasdisguisedwithahatorwornupsidedown.Theneutralmaskprovokedlittlereaction.Theeffecthasnotonlypersisted,butalsomultipliedoverthepasttwoyears.Wearingthedangerousmaskononerecentwalkthroughcampus,Dr.Marzluffsaid,hewasscoldedby47ofthe53crowsheencountered,manymorethanhadexperiencedorwitnessedtheinitialtrapping.Theresearchershypothesizethatcrowslearntorecognizethreateninghumansfrombothparentsandothersintheirflock.

Aftertheirexperimentsoncampus,Dr.Marzluffandhisstudentstestedtheeffectwithmorerealisticmasks.Usingahalf-dozenstudentsasmodels,theyenlistedaprofessionalmaskmaker,thenworethenewmaskswhiletrappingcrowsatseveralsitesinandaroundSeattle.Theresearchersthengaveamixofneutralanddangerousmaskstovolunteerobserverswho,unawareofthemasks'histories,worethematthetrappingsitesandrecordedthecrows'responses.

Thereactiontooneofthedangerousmaskswas"quitespectacular,"saidonevolunteer,BillPochmerski,aretiredtelephonecompanymanagerwholivesnearSnohomish,Wash."Thebirdswerereallyraucous,screamingpersistently,"hesaid,"Anditwascleartheyweren'tupsetaboutsomethingingeneral.Theywereupsetwithme."

Again,crowsweresignificantlymorelikelytoscoldobserverswhoworeadangerousmask,andwhenconfrontedsimultaneouslybyobserversindangerousandneutralmasks,thebirdsalmostunerringlychosetopersecutethedangerousface.IndowntownSeattle,wheremostpassersbyignorecrows,angrybirdsnearlytouchedtheirhumanfoes.Inruralareas,wherecrowsaremorelikelytobeviewedasnoisy"flyingrats"andshot,thebirdsexpressedtheirdispleasurefromadistance.

ThoughDr.Marzluff'sisthefirstformalstudyofhumanfacerecognitioninwildbirds,hispreliminaryfindingsconfirmthesuspicionsofmanyotherresearcherswhohaveobservedsimilarabilitiesincrows,ravens,gullsandotherspecies.ThepioneeringanimalbehavioristKonradLorenzwassoconvincedoftheperceptivecapacitiesofcrowsandtheirrelativesthatheworeadevilcostumewhenhandlingjackdaws.StaciaBackensto,amaster'sstudentattheUniversityofAlaskaFairbankswhostudiesravensintheoilfieldsonAlaska'sNorthSlope,hasassembledanelaboratecostume—includingafakebeardandapotbellymadeofpillows—becauseshebelievesherfaceandbodyarefamiliartopreviouslycapturedbirds.

KevinJ.McGowan,anornithologistattheCornellLaboratoryofOrnithologywhohastrappedandbandedcrowsinupstateNewYorkfor20years,saidhewasregularlyfollowedbybirdswhohavebenefitedfromhishandoutsofpeanuts—andharassedbyothershehastrappedinthepast.

Whycrowsandsimilarspeciesaresocloselyattunedtohumansisamatterofdebate.BerndHeinrich,aprofessoremeritusattheUniversityofVermontknownforhisbooksonravenbehavior,suggestedthatcrows'apparentabilitytodistinguishamonghumanfacesisa"byproductoftheiracuity,"anoutgrowthoftheirunusuallykeenabilitytorecognizeoneanother,evenaftermanymonthsofseparation.

Dr.McGowanandDr.Marzluffbelievethatthisabilitygivescrowsandtheirbrethrenanevolutionaryedge."Ifyoucanlearnwhotoavoidandwhotoseekout,that'saloteasierthancontinuallygettinghurt,"Dr.Marzluffsaid,"Ithinkitallowstheseanimalstosurvivewithus—andtakeadvantageofus—inamuchsafer,moreeffectiveway./

（分数：

70.00）

（1）.Withtherapiddevelopmentofitssuburb,agrowingnumberofcrowshavebeenattractedtotheSeattlearea.（分数：

7.00）

填空项1:

__________________ （正确答案：

Y）

解析：

[题眼寻踪]Witstherapiddevelopmentofitssuburb，agrowingnumberofcrowshavebeenattractedtotheSeattlearea.

[原文定位]在文章第一段第三句：

IntheSeattlearea，whererapidsuburbangrowthhasattractedathrivingcrowpopulation，researchershavefoundthatthebirdscanrecognizeindividualhumanfaces．

[答案详解]文指出在西雅图地区，郊区发展迅速，吸引了大量的乌鸦来此栖息，题干信息与此完全相符，所以答案为Y。

（2）.InthetestcarriedoutbyDr.Marzluffandtwostudents,thoseinneutralmasktrappedandbandedsevencrowsontheuniversitycampus.（分数：

7.00）

填空项1:

__________________ （正确答案：

N）

解析：

[题眼寻踪]InthetestcarriedoutbyDr.Marzluffandtwostudents，thoseinneutralmasktrappedandbandedsevencrowsontheuniversitycampus．

[原文定位]在文章第三段最后一句：

Researchersinthedangerousmaskthentrappedandbandedsevencrowsontheuniversity'scampusinSeattle．

[答案详解]该段首句提到摩扎士鲁夫博和他的学生为了检验乌鸦能否识别人脸，特意戴上了塑料面具。

后面一句接着说捕捉乌鸦的是戴“危险”面具的研究员。

所以答案为N。

（3）.Theeffectofthepeopleindangerousmaskbeingscoldedhasbecomelessseriousoverthepasttwoyears.（分数：

7.00）

填空项1:

__________________ （正确答案：

N）

解析：

[题眼寻踪]Theeffectofthepeopleindangerousmaskbeingscoldedhasbecomelessseriousoverthepasttwoyears.

[原文定位]索在文章第五段第四句：

Theeffecthasnotonlypersisted，butalsomultipliedoverthepasttwoyears．

[答案详解]原文指出在过去两年，这种情况不仅一直在持续，甚至越发严重。

题干与此信息矛盾，所以答案为N。

（4）.ThebirdswereveryfriendlytoBillPochmerski,oneofthevolunteerobservers,becauseheworeaneutralmask.（分数：

7.00）

填空项1:

__________________ （正确答案：

N）

解析：

[题眼寻踪]ThebirdswereveryfriendlytoBillPochmerski，oneofthevolunteerobservers，becauseheworeaneutralmask.

[原文定位]在文章第七段最后一句：

“Thebirdswerereallyraucous，screamingpersistently，”hesaid，“anditwascleartheyweren'tupsetaboutsomethingingeneral．Theywereupsetwithme．”

[答案详解]作者引用比尔的话说乌鸦看到他后非常混乱嘈杂，对着他持续尖叫，情绪烦躁，可见乌鸦不是对他友好，而是对他反感，因为他戴的是看起来“危险”的面具，所以答案为N。

（5）.IndowntownSeattle,peopleignorecrowsbecausetheydon'tlikethiskindofbird.（分数：

7.00）

填空项1:

__________________ （正确答案：

NG）

解析：

[题眼寻踪]IndowntownSeattle，peopleignorecrowsbecausetheydon'tlikethiskindofbird．

[原文定位]在文章第八段第二句：

IndowntownSeattle，wheremostpassersbyignorecrows，angrybirdsnearlytouchedtheirhumanfoes．

[答案详解]中提到西雅图市区，人们对乌鸦视而不见，但并没有说明原因，题干中的“当地人不喜欢乌鸦”在文中并未提到，所以答案为NG。

（6）.Dr.Marzluffisthefirstscientisttocarryouttheformalstudyofhumanrecognitioninwildbirds.（分数：

7.00）

填空项1:

__________________ （正确答案：

Y）

解析：

[题眼寻踪]Dr.Marzluffisthefirstscientisttocarryouttheformalstudyofhumanrecognitioninwildbirds．

[原文定位]在文章第九段第一句：

ThoughDr.Marzluff'sisthefirstformalstudyofhumanfacerecognitioninwildbirds，hispreliminaryfindingsconfirmthesuspicionsofmanyotherresearcherswhohav