deathofasalesman推销员之死英语详细分析完整版.docx
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deathofasalesman推销员之死英语详细分析完整版.docx
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deathofasalesman推销员之死英语详细分析完整版
deathofasalesman推销员之死英语详细分析
KeyFacts
FULLTITLE•DeathofaSalesman:
AUTHOR•ArthurMiller
TYPEOFWORK•Play
GENRE•Tragedy,socialcommentary,familydrama
CLIMAX•ThesceneinFrank’sChopHouseandBiff’sfinalconfrontationwithWillyathome
PROTAGONISTS•WillyLoman,BiffLoman
ANTAGONISTS•BiffLoman,WillyLoman,theAmericanDream
SETTING(TIME)•“Today,”thatis,thepresent;eitherthelate1940sorthetimeperiodinwhichtheplayisbeingproduced,with“daydreams”intoWilly’spast;alloftheactiontakesplaceduringatwenty-four-hourperiodbetweenMondaynightandTuesdaynight,exceptthe“Requiem,”whichtakesplace,presumably,afewdaysafterWilly’sfuneral
SETTING(PLACE)•Accordingtothestagedirections,“WillyLoman’shouseandyard[inBrooklyn]and...variousplaceshevisitsin...NewYorkandBoston”
FALLINGACTION•The“Requiem”section,althoughtheplayisnotreallystructuredasaclassicaldrama
TENSE•Present
FORESHADOWING•Willy’sflutethemeforeshadowstherevelationofhisfather’soccupationandabandonment;Willy’spreoccupationwithLinda’sstockingsforeshadowshisaffairwithTheWoman;Willy’sautomobileaccidentbeforethestartofActIforeshadowshissuicideattheendofActII
TONE•ThetoneofMiller’sstagedirectionsanddialoguerangesfromsinceretoparodying,but,ingeneral,thetreatmentistender,thoughattimesbrutallyhonest,towardWilly’splight
THEMES•TheAmericanDream;abandonment;betrayal
MOTIFS•Mythicfigures;theAmericanWest;Alaska;theAfricanjungle
SYMBOLS•Seeds;diamonds;Linda’sandthewomon’sstockings;therubberhose
AnalysisofMajorCharacters
WillyLoman
Despitehisdesperatesearchingthroughhispast,Willydoesnotachievetheself-realizationorself-knowledgetypicalofthetragichero.Thequasi-resolutionthathissuicideoffershimrepresentsonlyapartialdiscoveryofthetruth.Whileheachievesaprofessionalunderstandingofhimselfandthefundamentalnatureofthesalesprofession,Willyfailstorealizehispersonalfailureandbetrayalofhissoulandfamilythroughthemeticulouslyconstructedartificeofhislife.Hecannotgraspthetruepersonal,emotional,spiritualunderstandingofhimselfasaliteral“loman”or“lowman.”Willyistoodrivenbyhisown“willy”-nessorperverse“willfulness”torecognizetheslantedrealitythathisdesperatemindhasforged.Still,manycritics,focusingonWilly’sentrenchmentinaquagmireoflies,delusions,andself-deceptions,ignorethesignificantaccomplishmentofhispartialself-realization.Willy’sfailuretorecognizetheanguishedloveofferedtohimbyhisfamilyiscrucialtotheclimaxofhistorturousday,andtheplaypresentsthisincapacityastherealtragedy.Despitethisfailure,WillymakesthemostextremesacrificeinhisattempttoleaveaninheritancethatwillallowBifftofulfilltheAmericanDream.Ben’sfinalmantra—“Thejungleisdark,butfullofdiamonds”—turnsWilly’ssuicideintoametaphoricalmoralstruggle,afinalskewedambitiontorealizehisfullcommercialandmaterialcapacity.Hisfinalact,accordingtoBen,is“notlikeanappointmentatall”butlikea“diamond...roughandhardtothetouch.”Intheabsenceofanyrealdegreeofself-knowledgeortruth,Willyisabletoachieveatangibleresult.Insomerespect,Willydoesexperienceasortofrevelation,ashefinallycomestounderstandthattheproducthesellsishimself.ThroughtheimaginaryadviceofBen,WillyendsupfullybelievinghisearlierassertiontoCharleythat“afterallthehighways,andthetrains,andtheappointments,andtheyears,youendupworthmoredeadthanalive.”
BiffLoman
UnlikeWillyandHappy,Bifffeelscompelledtoseekthetruthabouthimself.Whilehisfatherandbrotherareunabletoacceptthemiserablerealityoftheirrespectivelives,Biffacknowledgeshisfailureandeventuallymanagestoconfrontit.Eventhedifferencebetweenhisnameandtheirsreflectsthispolarity:
whereasWillyandHappywillfullyandhappilydeludethemselves,Biffbristlesstifflyatself-deception.Biff’sdiscoverythatWillyhasamistressstripshimofhisfaithinWillyandWilly’sambitionsforhim.Consequently,WillyseesBiffasanunderachiever,whileBiffseeshimselfastrappedinWilly’sgrandiosefantasies.AfterhisepiphanyinBillOliver’soffice,BiffdeterminestobreakthroughtheliessurroundingtheLomanfamilyinordertocometorealistictermswithhisownlife.IntentonrevealingthesimpleandhumbletruthbehindWilly’sfantasy,Bifflongsfortheterritory(thesymbolicallyfreeWest)obscuredbyhisfather’sblindfaithinaskewed,materialistversionoftheAmericanDream.Biff’sidentitycrisisisafunctionofhisandhisfather’sdisillusionment,which,inordertoreclaimhisidentity,hemustexpose.
Ha
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