年产15万吨烧碱车间工艺设计学位论文.docx
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年产15万吨烧碱车间工艺设计学位论文.docx
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年产15万吨烧碱车间工艺设计学位论文
年产15万吨烧碱车间工艺设计
作者姓名郝秀清
专业化学工程与工艺
指导教师姓名袁芳
专业技术职务讲师
摘要·················································1
第一章氯碱工业的发展··································3
1.1氯碱工业的历史······································3
1.2烧碱的性质、用途及其质量标准························3
1.3溶液电解方法的发展··································5
1.4氯碱工业的特点及发展趋势····························5
1.5离子膜··············································7
1.6离子膜电解技术······································10
1.7我国离子膜法电解槽的现状····························11
第二章工艺流程的选择与说明····························11
2.1原料的选择··········································11
2.2盐水精制的选择······································12
2.3电解工艺············································12
2.4碱液蒸发与浓缩······································13
2.5固碱工艺············································13
2.6液氯工段工艺流程简述································13
2.7氯气干燥的目的与机理································13
2.8氢气处理············································13
2.9盐酸工段工序流程简述································14
第三章工艺计算········································14
3.1电解槽的工艺计算·····································14
3.2洗涤塔内氢气的工艺计算·······························17
3.3钛冷却器内氯气工艺衡算·······························19
3.4硫干燥塔内氯气物料衡算·······························21
第四章设备设计········································22
4.1离子膜电解槽的设计···································22
4.2钛冷却器的设计·······································24
4.3蒸发塔的设计·········································26
4.4蒸发设备的计算·······································36
第五章厂房布置·········································42
5.1厂房布置的重要意义···································42
5.2厂房布置的原则及方法·································42
第六章环境保护·········································44
参考文献················································45
致谢····················································46
摘要
作为一种基本的和重要的化工原料,烧碱在工业生产的各个领域都有着广泛的应用。
随着氯碱工业的迅速发展,离子膜电解生产烧碱越来越被广泛运用,膜电解生产的其氧化钠浓度可达30%-50%(质量)。
此外,离子膜电解制碱还有投资省,能耗低,氢氧化钠质量好,无污染,生产成本低等优点。
因此无论是国外还是国内在新建,改造和扩建生产装置时都会首先考虑这一技术。
本设计依据技术先进,经济合理,工艺可靠,系统最优的原则完成。
烧碱的生产方法是离子膜电解法,通过以下一系列工序:
盐水精制,电解精盐水,蒸发电解液来得到最终产品——固碱。
本设计说明书包括:
烧碱生产方法的论证,物料衡算和能量衡算,主体设备及辅助设备的设计。
设计中对烧碱离子膜电解工艺进行了研究,对烧碱离子膜电解生产原理和工艺流程进行了选择和论证,对当前国内外烧碱各种生产工艺进行了综述,剖析了隔膜法、水银法和离子膜法的优点和不足,对烧碱离子膜电解整个工艺流程进行了设计,同时对烧碱离子膜电解工艺生产过程危险危害因素做了相关的讨论。
关键字:
烧碱蒸发离子膜电解固碱氯碱
ABSTRACT
Asakindofbasicandimportantchemicalrawmaterials,causticsodaintheindustrialproductiontoeveryfieldofawiderangeofapplications.
Withtherapiddevelopmentofchlorinealkaliindustry,ionicmembranecausticsodaelectrolysisproductionmoreandmorewidelyused,membraneelectrolyticproductionofitsoxidationsodiumconcentrationcanamountto30%-50%(quality).Inaddition,ionicmembraneelectrolyticalkalimanufacturingandsavinginvestment,lowenergyconsumption,sodiumhydroxideareofgoodquality,nopollution,theproductioncostadvantages.Sobothforeignordomesticinthenew,modificationandextensionproductionwhendevicewillfirstconsiderthisatechnology.
Thisdesignbasedonadvancedtechnology,reasonableeconomy,technologyandreliable,theprincipleofoptimumsystemtocomplete.
Causticsodaproductionmethodisionicmembraneelectricitythroughthefollowingaseriesofsolutions,saltwaterrefiningprocess:
electrolyticrefinedsaltwaterevaporation,electrolytetogetthefinalproduct-solidalkali.
Thisdesignspecificationsincluding:
causticsodaproductionmethod,theargumentismaterialbalanceandenergybalancecalculations,thedesignofthemainequipmentandauxiliaryequipmentandfactoryworkshoplayout.
Designofionicmembranecausticsodaelectrolytictechnologyofionicmembranecausticsoda,electrolysisproductionprincipleandprocessflowoftheselectionandargument,thecurrentdomesticandinternationalcausticsodavariousproductionprocessweresummarized,analyzedthediaphragmlaw,mercurylawandionicmembranelawadvantagesanddisadvantagesofionicmembranecausticsoda,thewholeprocesselectrolysisdesignofionicmembranecausticsoda,andproductionprocesselectrolysisprocessdangerousfactordotherelevantdiscussion.
Keywords:
Causticsoda;Evaporation;Ion-exchangemembrane;Chlorinealkalielectrolysis;Solidcausticsoda
第一章氯碱工业的发展
1.1氯碱工业的历史
氯碱工业主要生产烧碱,氯气和氢气以及由此衍生系列产品时该工业副产品。
烧碱在国民经济中有着重要的作用。
烧碱是重要的基本工业原料,其产量大、用户多,广泛应用于轻工、化工、纺织、冶金、电力、医药、农药、染料及有机颜料等行业,离子膜法电解制出的高纯度烧碱是化纤、医药、精细化工行业迫切需要的原料。
早在十三世纪之前,氯气就为古代炼丹者(Alchemist)所熟悉。
1774年,瑞典化学家Shelley在实验室中首次使用盐酸与天然的软锰矿粉(二氧化锰)反应制得一种让人窒息的、黄绿色气体;并确认其为一种新的化学元素。
其反应机理如下:
MnO2+4HCl→MnCl2+Cl2↑+2H2O
1799年,由Weldon首先采用瑞典人的方法在工业中制得氯气。
1807年,英国人Davy用食盐熔融电解制得氯气。
(2NaCl→2Na+Cl2↑)。
1810年,Davy在伦敦试验证明氯气是一种元素,并于当年的11月9日在英国皇家学会上宣读论文。
提议这个元素定名为Chlorine(意思是黄绿色),来源于希腊文字(Chorus)。
1851年,Watt第一个取得了食盐水溶液电解制备氯气的专利;在直流发电机问世以后,1890年由德国格瑞斯海姆电化公司首先采用隔膜电解槽制备氯气用于工业生产。
至今已经经历了一个多世纪。
而中国的氯碱工业起步于1929年10月
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