非谓语动词讲解超全.docx
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非谓语动词讲解超全.docx
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非谓语动词讲解超全
非谓语动词复习
非谓语动词:
a.动词不定式todob.现在分词/动名词doingc.过去分词done
概述:
1.谓语动词:
在句子中担任谓语的动词
2.非谓语动词:
是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分
(有一个特殊情况:
过去分词不具备名词性,所以补充当主语或宾语。
)
非谓语动词使用条件:
一个简单句中有且只有一个谓语动词
一个句子当中,已经存在一个谓语动词,又没有连词的情况下,应使用非谓语动词。
Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.
Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.
所有的非谓语动词的否定都是在其前面加NOT
动词不定式
一.动词不定式的变体
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。
不定式的形式有五种:
主动
被动
一般式
完成式
进行式
例如:
IliketoreadEnglish.
例如:
Heseemedtobereadingsomethingatthattime.
例如:
Heseemedtohavecleanedtheroom.
例如:
Theworkistobedonesoon.
例如:
Theboyissaidtohavebeensenttohospitalyesterday.
二.动词不定式的用法
I.作主语
Toseeistobelieve.Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.
注:
常用it做形式主语,将todo放在位于之后,使句子保持平衡。
Itisagreatenjoymenttospendourholidayinthemountains.
句型3:
Itis+adj+forsbtodosth(是形容事物的性质的)
Itis+adj+ofsbtodosth(是形容人的品质的)
Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.
It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.
II.作宾语
接不定式做宾语Iwanttoknowthismatter.
(1)常见动词有:
like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend,forget,want,prepare,pretend,refuse,plan,afford,wish等
(2)it作形式宾语
Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting.Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim.
3.?
I?
feel?
it?
my?
duty?
to?
change?
all?
that.2.Wethinkitimportanttoobeythelaw.
下列词接动名词和不定式均可,但意义不同的动词:
stoptodo停下来去做stopdoing停止做
forgettodo忘记要做forgetdoing忘记做过
remembertodo记得要做rememberdoing记得做过
regrettodo遗憾要做regretdoing后悔做过
trytodo企图做,尽力做trydoing试着做
goontodo继续做(另一件事)goondoing继续做(同一件事)
meantodo打算做meandoing意味做
InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_____foranotherhour.
AwaitingBtowaitingCwaitDtobewaiting
Boys,don'tforget____thewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.
A.closing B.closed C.toclosing D.toclose
Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_______onabigrock.
A.tohaverested B.resting C.torest D.rest
Remember______thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.
A.toturnoff B.turningoff C.turnoff D.toturningoff
(4)一般说来,介词后接动词通常应是动名词。
但是介词but(except也一样)却比较特殊,其后接动词时,可以接不定式,并且这个不定式可以带to也可以不带to,“前有do,后无to”
Ihavenochoicebuttowait.:
1.当其前的谓语含有实义动词do(可以是各种形式)时,其后的不定式通常不带to:
Shewilldoanythingbutplaychess.她除了下棋外什么都愿干。
HedidnothingalldayexceptwatchTV.他一整天除了看电视什么也没做。
2.当其前的谓语没有某种形式的实义动词do时,其后的不定式通常要带to:
Theyhadnochoicebuttoobey.他们别无选择只有服从。
Hewantednothingbuttostayhere.他除了想呆在这里外,其他什么也不想。
3.当其前含有实义动词do但不是用作谓语时,其后的不定式带不带to均可,但以不带to为多:
There’snothingtodobut(to)leave.只好离开。
Therewasnothingtodobut(to)wait.除了等没有其他的办法。
4.在cannotbut,cannotchoose/helpbut之后接不带to的不定式
Ican’tdoanythingbutgooutwithher.
III.作宾语补足语
1.I’ll?
get?
someoneto?
repair?
the?
recorder?
for?
you.
2.What?
caused?
him?
tochange?
his?
mind?
advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,expect,encourage,force,get,hate,invite,order,wish?
want,warn,remind,promise,permit,persuade,request+sb.todo
注意:
(1)在动词feel(一感),hear,listento(二听),have,let,make(三让),notice,see,watch,observe,lookat(五看)(即:
吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后,必须带to。
如:
Theysawtheboyfalloffthetree.
Theboywasseentofalloffthetree.
(2)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.
Ioftenhelphim(to)cleantheroom.Ihelpedhim(to)findhisthings.
Heisoftenheardtosingthesong.
Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmatecry,todayhewasmadetocrybyhisdeskmate.
3)IV.作定语不定式所修饰的词前面有序数词,形容词最高级或only修饰
Sheisalwaysthelasttoleavetheroom.
不定式为不及物动词且和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时,须加介词
.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.Pleasefindapieceofpapertowriteon
.Excuseme,couldIuseyourpenforamoment?
Ihavenopentowritewith
不定式主表被问题Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.
V.作状语不定式作状语可以表示目的、结果、原因。
Icameheretoseeyou.
Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.(出乎意料的结果)
Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.(常见形容词后常用不定式)
对比TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsagooddictionary.
不定式的主动形式表示被动意义
Ihavesomethingimportanttodo.Intheaccident,thedriverwastoblame.
Thisquestionisdifficulttoanswer.Theboxisnoteasytocarry.
动名词
一.动名词/现在分词的基本构成
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
完成式
Noonelikesbeinglaughedat.
Idon’trememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetodoit.
二.doing的功用
⑴Smokingdoesgreatharmtopeople’shealth.(作主语)
①Itisnousecrying.②Itisnogoodobjecting
⑵Myjobislookingafterchildren.(作表语)
⑶Ihavefinishedreadingthenovel.(作宾语)
⑷Wehavegotaswimmingpoolinourschool.(做定语)
常见的动词有:
admit,advise,suggest,avoid,consider,delay,deny,excuse,finish,imagine,include,keep(on),mind,,practice,miss,resist.
短语:
be/getusedto,beaccustomedto,can’thelp/stop,can’tstand,giveup,
feellike,lookforwardto,getdownto,havedifficulty/trouble(in),bebusy(in),putoff
e.g.①Shesattherewithoutspeaking.
doing主动表被动:
①Theroomwantscleaning.②Themethodneedsimproving.
③Thispairofshoesrequiremending.
④Thequestioniswellworth_discussing____(discuss)
d)动词“like,love,hate,prefer”后接动名词表示“习惯性动作”,后接不定式表示“心理或
一次具体动作”。
例如:
Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.
doing的复合结构
动名词前可以加一个物主代词或名词所有格来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语,构成动名词的复
合结构或动名词短语
a.动名词复合结构作主语时一般用名词所有格或形容词性的物主代词。
例如:
Nixon’svisitingChinamarkedanewyearbetweenU.S.andChinadiplomaticrelations.尼克松访问中国标志着中美外交关系进入一个新的时代
Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.
b.在口语和非正式语体中,只要不是作主语,动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人
称代词宾格。
例如:
Thedoctordoesnotmindme/myeatingalittlemeatoccasionally.
分词
(一)分词的作用现在分词表示:
主动,动作正在进行。
过去分词表示:
被动,动作已经完成。
1.作定语
Doyouknowtheboystandingatthegate?
HaveyoureadthebookwrittenbyLuXun?
2.作表语
Weareexcitedatthenews.
Thenewshetoldusisexciting.
3.作宾语补足语
Iheardhimsingingasongintheclassroom.
Wefoundthegroundcoveredwithsnow.
4.作状语
Whilelyinginbed,helistenedtosomemusic.
Seenfromthehill,thevillagelooksmovebeautiful.
分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,否则分词前面必须有自己的主语。
现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别:
现在分词表主动进行,过去分词表被动完成
1.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.
(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeautiful.
2.(Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.(Whentheyheardthebadnews)
3.(Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.(Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention)
4.Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.?
Beingsoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.(Becausehewassoangry)
Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.(andtheyweresinginglaughing)
Toservethepeoplewell,Istudyhard.(Inordertoservethepeoplewell)
独立主格结构
当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时,带逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构,在句法功能上起状语作用。
例如:
Weatherpermitting,theywillgoandvisitthesciencemuseum.
Themeetingbeingover,theyalllefttheroom.
Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.
Themoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.
由Therebeing+主语这种结构多表示原因。
例如:
Therebeingalotofbookstoread,heoftenstudiedtillmidnight.
with+复合宾语结构
(1)with+名词/代词+形容词Don’tspeakwithyourmouthfull.
(2)with+名词/代词+副词Thesquarelooksmorebeautifulthaneverwiththelightson.
(3)with+名词/代词+介词短语Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.
(4)with+名词/代词+-ing分词Shefeltverynervouswithsomanypeoplelookingather.
Withtheoldmanleading,thetwostartedtowardthemountains.
(5)with+名词/代词+不定式Withfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedhere.
(6)with+名词/代词+-en分词Withhismattersettled,welefttheroom.
【2012全国卷II】⒑Tonylentmethemoney,___thatI’ddoasmuchforhim.
A.hopingB.tohopeC.hopedD.havinghoped
【2012全国卷II】⒖Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happy
___anythingthathappenedtobeon.
A.towatchB.watchingC.watchedD.tohavewatched
【2012安徽】24.IrememberedthedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.
A.lockingB.tolockC.havinglockedD.tohavelocked
【2012安徽】30.Whenforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhe
founditveryinterestingandrewarding.
A.askingB.askedC.havingaskedD.tobeasked
【2012重庆】23.______toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.
A.HavingbeenaskedB.ToaskC.HavingaskedD.Tobeasked
【2012重庆】28.We’rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision______atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.
A.tobemadeB.beingmade
C.madeD.havingbeenmade
【2012全国】28.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather.
A.permittingB.topermit
C.permittedD.permit
【2012全国】32.Filmhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhen_suchartformsasmusicandpainting.
A.havingcomparedtoB.comparingto
C.comparetoD.comparedto
【2012北京】23.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand______them.
A.correctsB.correctC.tocorrectD.correcting
【2012北京】27._______withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.
A.UseB.UsingC.UsedD.Touse
【2012北京】31.______atthedoorbeforeyouentermyroom,please.
A.KnockB.KnockingC.KnockedD.Toknock
【2012福建】28.ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfrom________intheSouthChinaSea.
A.attackingB.havingattacking
C.beingattackedD.havingbeenattacked
【2012福建】34.Pressedfromhisparents,and____thathehaswastedtoomuchtime,theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingvideogames.
A.realizingB.realizedC.torealizeD.beingrealized
【2012陕西】15._______inalongqueue,wewaitedforthestoretoopentobuyaNewiPad.
A.StandingB.TostandC.StoodD.Stand
【2012陕西】22.Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebut_____anevengreatercha
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