希望大家继续补充新G机经中的老G原题和其他长篇机经.docx
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希望大家继续补充新G机经中的老G原题和其他长篇机经.docx
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希望大家继续补充新希望大家继续补充新G机经中的老机经中的老G原题和其他长篇机原题和其他长篇机经经1.有篇长阅读老G改的那个污染汽油乙醇替代石油燃料环保的那篇1993年04AAlthough,recentyearshaveseensubstantialreductionsinnoxiouspollutantsfromindividualmotorvehicles,thenumberofsuchvehicleshasbeensteadilyincreasingconsequently,morethan100citiesintheUnitedStatesstillhavelevelsofcarbonmonoxide,particulatematter(particulatematter:
颗粒物质),andozone(generatedbyphotochemicalreactionswithhydrocarbons(hydrocarbon:
n.烃,碳氢化合物)fromvehicleexhaust)thatexceedlegallyestablishedlimits.Thereisagrowingrealizationthattheonlyeffectivewaytoachievefurtherreductionsinvehicleemissionsshortof(shortof:
adv.缺乏,只要没有)amassiveshiftawayfrom(awayfrom:
远离)theprivateautomobileistoreplaceconventionaldieselfuelandgasolinewithcleaner-burningfuelssuchascompressednaturalgas,liquefiedpetroleumgas(liquefiedpetroleumgas:
n.液化石油气acompressedgasthatconsistsofflammablehydrocarbons(aspropaneandbutane)andisusedespeciallyasfuelorasrawmaterialforchemicalsynthesis),ethanol,ormethanol.Allofthesealternativesarecarbon-basedfuelswhosemoleculesaresmallerandsimplerthanthoseofgasoline.Thesemoleculesburnmorecleanlythangasoline,inpartbecausetheyhavefewer,ifand,carbon-carbonbonds,andthehydrocarbonstheydoemitarelesslikelytogenerateozone.Thecombustionoflargermolecules,whichhavemultiplecarbon-carbonbonds,involvesamorecomplexseriesofreactions.Thesereactionsincreasetheprobabilityofincompletecombustionandaremorelikelytoreleaseuncombustedandphotochemicallyactivehydrocarboncompoundsintotheatmosphere.Ontheotherhand,alternativefuelsdohavedrawbacks.Compressednaturalgaswouldrequirethatvehicleshaveasetofheavyfueltanksaseriousliabilityintermsofperformanceandfuelefficiencyandliquefiedpetroleumgasfacesfundamentallimitsonsupply.Ethanolandmethanol,ontheotherhand,haveimportantadvantagesoverothercarbon-basedalternativefuels:
theyhaveahigherenergycontent(energycontent:
能含量;内能)pervolumeandwouldrequireminimalchangesintheexistingnetworkfordistributingmotorfuel.Ethanoliscommonlyusedasagasolinesupplement,butitiscurrentlyabouttwiceasexpensiveasmethanol,thelowcostofwhichisoneofitsattractivefeatures.Methanolsmostattractivefeature,however,isthatitcanreducebyabout90percentthevehicleemissionsthatformozone,themostseriousurbanairpollutant.Likeanyalternativefuel,methanolhasitscritics.Yetmuchofthecriticismisbasedontheuseof“gasolineclone”vehiclesthatdonotincorporateeventhesimplestdesignimprovementsthataremadepossiblewiththeuseofmethanol.Itistrue,forexample,thatagivenvolumeofmethanolprovidesonlyaboutone-halfoftheenergythatgasolineanddieselfueldo;otherthingsbeingequal,thefueltankwouldhavetobesomewhatlargerandheavier.However,sincemethanol-fueledvehiclescouldbedesignedtobemuchmoreefficientthan“gasolineclone”vehiclesfueledwithmethanol,theywouldneedcomparativelylessfuel.Vehiclesincorporatingonlythesimplestoftheengineimprovementsthatmethanolmakesfeasiblewouldstillcontributetoanimmediatelesseningofurbanairpollution.17.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith(文章的逻辑结构非常明显,是指出一个问题,然后讨论了多种方案,最后指向METHANOL。
其实是排除了其它的方案,或者其它方案均为陪衬。
这是选D的原因。
C显然不对,因为文章不但讨论的各种方案的STRENGTH,更讨论了各种方案的WEAKNESS。
)(A)counteringaflawedargumentthatdismissesapossiblesolutiontoaproblem(B)reconcilingcontradictorypointsofviewaboutthenatureofaproblem(C)identifyingthestrengthsofpossiblesolutionstoaproblem(D)discussingaproblemandarguinginfavorofonesolutiontoit(D)(E)outliningaplanofactiontosolveaproblemanddiscussingtheobstaclesblockingthatplan18.Accordingtothepassage,incompletecombustionismorelikelytooccurwithgasolinethanwithanalternativefuelbecause(A)thecombustionofgasolinereleasesphotochemicallyactivehydrocarbons(B)thecombustionofgasolineinvolvesanintricateseriesofreactions(C)gasolinemoleculeshaveasimplemolecularstructure(D)gasolineiscomposedofsmallmolecules.(B)(E)gasolineisacarbon-basedfuel19.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutairpollution?
(A)Furtherattemptstoreduceemissionsfromgasoline-fueledvehicleswillnothelplowerurbanair-pollutionlevels.(B)Attemptstoreducethepollutantsthatanindividualgasoline-fueledvehicleemitshavebeenlargelyunsuccessful.(C)Fewseriousattemptshavebeenmadetoreducetheamountofpollutantsemittedbygasoline-fueledvehicles.(D)Pollutantsemittedbygasoline-fueledvehiclesarenotthemostcriticalsourceofurbanairpollution.(A)(E)Reductionsinpollutantsemittedbyindividualvehicleshavebeenoffsetbyincreasesinpollutionfromsourcesotherthangasoline-fueledvehicles.20.Whichofthefollowingmostcloselyparallelsthesituationdescribedinthefirstsentenceofthepassage?
(A)Althoughatownreducesitspublicservicesinordertoavoidataxincrease,thetownstaxrateexceedsthatofothertownsinthesurroundingarea.(B)Althoughastatepassesstrictlawstolimitthetypeoftoxicmaterialthatcanbedisposedofinpubliclandfills,illegaldumpingcontinuestoincrease.(C)Althoughatownscitizensreducetheirindividualuseofwater,thetownswatersuppliescontinuetodwindlebecauseofasteadyincreaseinthetotalpopulationofthetown.(D)Althoughacountryattemptstoincreasethesaleofdomesticgoodsbyaddingataxtothepriceofimportedgoods,thesaleofimportedgoodswithinthecountrycontinuestoincrease.(C)(E)Althoughacountryreducesthespeedlimitonitsnationalhighways,thenumberoffatalitiescausedbyautomobileaccidentscontinuestoincrease.21.Theauthordescribeswhichofthefollowingasthemostappealingfeatureofmethanol?
(A)Itissubstantiallylessexpensivethanethanol.(B)Itcouldbeprovidedtoconsumersthroughtheexistingmotorfueldistributionsystem.(C)Ithashigherenergycontentthanotheralternativefuels.(D)Itsusewouldmakedesignimprovementsinindividualvehiclesfeasible.(E)(E)Itsusewouldsubstantiallyreduceozonelevels.22.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatavehiclespecificallydesignedtousemethanolforfuelwould(A)besomewhatlighterintotalbodyweightthanaconventionalvehiclefueledwithgasoline(B)bemoreexpensivetooperatethanaconventionalvehiclefueledwithgasoline(C)havealargerandmorepowerfulenginethanaconventionalvehiclefueledwithgasoline(D)havealargerandheavierfueltankthana“gasolineclone”vehiclefueledwithmethanol(E)(E)averagemoremilespergallonthana“gasolineclone”vehiclefueledwithmethanol23.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorofthepassagemostlikelyregardsthecriticismofmethanolinthelastparagraphas(A)flawedbecauseoftheassumptionsonwhichitisbased(B)inapplicablebecauseofaninconsistencyinthecriticsarguments(C)misguidedbecauseofitsexclusivelytechnologicalfocus(D)inaccuratebecauseitignoresconsumersconcerns(A)(E)invalidbecauseitreflectsthepersonalbiasofthecritics2还有一篇文章讲美国和澳大利亚土著人的历史。
有个什么四万和两万五千年,里面有的词汇还有coastal,建议去各大数据库锁定这篇原文,关键词theUnitedStates,Australia,25000,40000,coastal(当然我也不确定能不能搜到).这篇也读的不是很懂。
还有一篇短阅读是讲美国大陆上开始有人大概是什么时间。
作者用了澳大利亚来佐证。
一开始是说有观点认为可以推到40000-25000年前。
而作者认为不可信,因为没有找到很多rite,而澳大利亚有很多rite。
后来就开始读不懂了。
澳大利亚的干旱、密度低、后冰川时期海平面上升、美国的内流河神马神马的。
说真的这篇东西挺打击我的,让我的阅读水平仿佛一夜回到解放前。
三道题也不都太懂。
没读出来后面的海平面上升跟前面的rite有什么联系,于是“读懂大意就能做题”的方法就不管用了ORZ。
还有一篇短阅读讲的是澳大利亚25000年前没有人类活动的痕迹,是因为那之前没有人类在那篇土地上生存。
然后比较了一下澳大利亚和美国吧。
涉及到coastalarea的问题,大家注意一下。
这个记得不是很清楚了,大家就当着一看吧。
原文:
RecentdiscoveriesinNewWorldarchaeologyalongwithnewscientificmethodsforanalyzingdatahaveledtonewideasregardingtheoriginofthefirstpeoplesoftheAmericasandtheirtimeofarrival.ThetraditionaltheoryheldthatthefirstAmericanscrossedthelandbridgefromSiberiatoAlaskaaround11,500yearsagoandfollowedanice-freecorridorbetweentwolargeCanadianicesheets(theLaurentideandCordilleran)toreachunglaciatedlandstothesouth.Thesefirstinhabitants,whosearchaeologicalsitesarescatteredacrossNorthandSouthAmerica,werecalledtheClovispeople,namedafterthetowninNewMexicowheretheirflutedspearpointsusedforhuntingmammothwerefirstfoundin1932.ThereisnowconvincingevidenceofhumanhabitationsitesthatdateearlierthantheCloviscultureincludingsiteslocatedinSouthAmerica.MonteVerde,awell-studiedsitelocatedalongarivernearsoutherncentralChile,dates12,500yearsago.Thissitecontainstheburiedremnantsofdwellings,stonetoolsincludinglargebifacialprojectilepoints,andpreservedmedicinalandedibleplants.Howdidpeoplemanagetosettlethisfarsouthatsuchanearlydate?
Acoastalmigrationrouteisnowgainingmoreacceptance,ratherthantheolderviewofsmallbandsmovingonfootacrossthemiddleofthelandbridgebetweenSiberiaandAlaskaandintothecontinents.EmergingevidencesuggeststhatpeoplewithboatsmovedalongthePacificcoastintoAlaskaandnorthwesternCanadaandeventuallysouthtoPeruandChileby12,500yearsagoandperhapsmuchearlier.ArchaeologicalevidenceinAustralia,Melanesia,andJapanindicateboatswereinuseasfarbackas25,000to40,000yearsago.Searouteswouldhaveprovidedabundantfoodresourcesandeasierandfastermovementthanlandroutes.Manycoastalareaswereunglaciatedatthistime,providingopportunitiesforlandfallalongtheway.SeveralearlysitesalongthecoastofCanada,California,Peru,Ecuador,andChiledatebetween10,000and12,000yearsago.Manypotentialcoastalsitesarenowsubmerged,makinginvestigationdifficult.IftheClovispeoplewerenotherefirst,thenwhowas?
ClovispointsarefoundinmanysitesinNorthandCentralAmericawith
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