托福阅读复习模拟练习及答案解析三doc.docx
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托福阅读复习模拟练习及答案解析三doc.docx
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托福阅读复习模拟练习及答案解析三托福阅读复习模拟练习及答案解析三doc2019年托福阅读复习模拟练习及答案解析三托福阅读原文TwospeciesofdeerhavebeenprevalentinthePugetSoundareaofWashingtonStateinthePacificNorthwestoftheUnitedStates.Theblack-taileddeer,alowland,west-sidecousinofthemuledeerofeasternWashington,isnowthemostcommon.Theotherspecies,theColumbianwhite-taileddeer,inearliertimeswascommonintheopenprairiecountry;itisnowrestrictedtothelow,marshyislandsandfloodplainsalongthelowerColumbiaRiver.Nearlyanykindofplantoftheforestunderstorycanbepartofadeersdiet.Wheretheforestinhibitsthegrowthofgrassandothermeadowplants,theblack-taileddeerbrowsesonhuckleberry,salal,dogwood,andalmostanyothershruborherb.Butthisisfair-weatherfeeding.Whatkeepstheblack-taileddeeraliveintheharsherseasonsofplantdecayanddormancy?
Onecompensationfornothibernatingisthebuilt-inurgetomigrate.Deermaymovefromhigh-elevationbrowseareasinsummerdowntothelowlandareasinlatefall.Evenwithsnowontheground,thehighbushyunderstoryisexposed;alsosnowandwindbringdownleafybranchesofcedar,hemlock,redalder,andotherarborealfodder.ThenumbersofdeerhavefluctuatedmarkedlysincetheentryofEuropeansintoPugetSoundcountry.Theearlyexplorersandsettlerstoldofabundantdeerintheearly1800sandyetalmostinthesamebreathbemoanedthelackofthissucculentgameanimal.FamousexplorersofthenorthAmericanfrontier,LewisandClarkarrivedatthemouthoftheColumbiaRiveronNovember14,1805,innearlystarvedcircumstances.TheyhadexperiencedgreatdifficultyfindinggamewestoftheRockiesandnotuntilthesecondofDecemberdidtheykilltheirfirstelk.Tokeep40peoplealivethatwinter,theyconsumedapproximately150elkand20deer.Andwhengamemovedoutofthelowlandsinearlyspring,theexpeditiondecidedtoreturneastratherthanfacepossiblestarvation.Lateronintheearlyyearsofthenineteenthcentury,whenFortVancouverbecametheheadquartersoftheHudsonsBayCompany,deerpopulationscontinuedtofluctuate.DavidDouglas,Scottishbotanicalexplorerofthe1830s,foundadisturbingchangeintheanimallifearoundthefortduringtheperiodbetweenhisfirstvisitin1825andhisfinalcontactwiththefortin1832.ArecentDouglasbiographerstates:
Thedeerwhichoncepicturesquelydottedthemeadowsaroundthefortweregonein1832,huntedtoexterminationinordertoprotectthecrops.Reductioninnumbersofgameshouldhavebodedillfortheirsurvivalinlatertimes.Aworseningoftheplightofdeerwastobeexpectedassettlersencroachedontheland,logging,burning,andclearing,eventuallyreplacingawildernesslandscapewithroads,cities,towns,andfactories.Nodoubtthenumbersofdeerdeclinedstillfurther.RecallthefateoftheColumbianwhite-taileddeer,nowinaprotectedstatus.Butfortheblack-taileddeer,humanpressurehashadjusttheoppositeeffect.WildlifezoologistHelmutBuechner(1953),inreviewingthenatureofbioticchangesinWashingtonthroughrecordedtime,saysthatsincetheearly1940s,thestatehashadmoredeerthanatanyothertimeinitshistory,thewinterpopulationfluctuatingaroundapproximately320,000deer(muleandblack-taileddeer),whichwillyieldabout65,000ofeithersexandanyageannuallyforanindefiniteperiod.Thecausesofthispopulationreboundareconsequencesofotherhumanactions.First,themajorpredatorsofdeerwolves,cougar,andlynxhavebeengreatlyreducedinnumbers.Second,conservationhasbeeninsuredbylimitingtimesforandtypesofhunting.Butthemostprofoundreasonfortherestorationofhighpopulationnumbershasbeenthefateoftheforests.Greattractsoflowlandcountrydeforestedbylogging,fire,orbothhavebecomeidealfeedinggroundsofdeer.Inadditiontofindinganincreaseofsuitablebrowse,likehuckleberryandvinemaple,ArthurEinarsen,longtimegamebiologistinthePacificNorthwest,foundqualityofbrowseintheopenareastobesubstantiallymorenutritive.Theproteincontentofshade-grownvegetation,forexample,wasmuchlowerthanthatforplantsgrowninclearings.托福阅读试题1.Accordingtoparagraph1,whichofthefollowingistrueofthewhite-taileddeerofPugetSound?
A.mityisnativetolowlandsandmarshes.B.itismorecloselyrelatedtothemuledeerofeasternWashingtonthantoothertypesofdeer.C.hitshasreplacedtheblack-taileddeerintheopenprairie.D.Itnolongerlivesinaparticulartypeofhabitatthatitonceoccupied.2.Itcanbeinferredfromthediscussioninparagraph2thatwinterconditionsA.causesomedeertohibernateB.makefoodunavailableinthehighlandsfordeerC.makeiteasierfordeertolocateunderstoryplantsD.preventdeerfrommigratingduringthewinter3.Thewordinhibitsinthepassage(paragraph2)isclosestinmeaningtoA.consistsofB.combinesC.restrictsD.establishes4.Thephraseinthesamebreathinthepassage(paragraph3)isclosestinmeaningtoA.impatientlyB.humorouslyC.continuouslyD.immediately5.TheauthortellsthestoryoftheexplorersLewisandClarkinparagraph3inordertoillustratewhichofthefollowingpoints?
A.ThenumberofdeerwithinthePugetSoundregionhasvariedovertime.B.MostoftheexplorerswhocametothePugetSoundareawereprimarilyinterestedinhuntinggame.C.TherewasmoregameforhuntingintheEastoftheUnitedStatesthanintheWest.D.Individualexplorerswerenotassuccessfulatlocatinggamesaswerethetradingcompanies.6.Accordingtoparagraph3,howhadFortVancouverchangedbythetimeDavidDouglasreturnedin1832?
A.TheforthadbecometheheadquartersfortheHudsonsBayCompany.B.Deerhadbegunpopulatingthemeadowsaroundthefort.C.Deerpopulationsneartheforthadbeendestroyed.D.Cropyieldsintheareaaroundtheforthaddecreased.7.Whydoestheauthoraskreaderstorecall“thefateoftheColumbianwhite-taileddeer”(paragraph4)inthediscussionofchangesinthewildernesslandscape?
A.ToprovidesupportfortheideathathabitatdestructionwouldleadtopopulationdeclineB.TocomparehowtwospeciesofdeercausedbioticchangesinthewildernessenvironmentC.ToprovideanexampleofaspeciesofdeerthathassuccessfullyadaptedtohumansettlementD.Toarguethatsomedeerspeciesmustbegivenaprotectedstatus8.Thephrase“indefiniteperiod”inthepassage(paragraph4)isclosestinmeaningtoperiodA.whoseendhasnotbeendeterminedB.thatdoesnotbeginwhenexpectedC.thatlastsonlybrieflyD.whoseimportanceremainsunknown9.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdeerpopulationsissupportedbytheinformationinparagraph4?
A.Deerpopulationsreachedtheirhighestpointduringthe1940sandthenbegantodecline.B.Theactivitiesofsettlerscontributedinunexpectedwaystothegrowthofsomedeerpopulationsinlatertimes.C.Thecleaningofwildernesslandforconstructioncausedbioticchangesfromwhichtheblack-taileddeerpopulationhasneverrecovered.D.Sincethe1940sthewinterpopulationsofdeerhavefluctuatedmorethanthesummerpopulationshave.10.Theword“rebound”inthepassage(paragraph5)sclosestinmeaningtoA.declineB.recoveryC.exchangeD.movement11.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage(paragraph5)?
Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.A.ArthurEinarsenslongtimefamilywiththePacificNorthwesthelpedhimdiscoverareaswheredeerhadanincreaseinsuitablebrowse.B.ArthurEinarsenfoundthatdeforestedfeedinggroundsprovideddeerwithmoreandbetterfood.C.BiologistlikeEinarsenbelieveitisimportanttofindadditionalopenareaswithsuitablebrowsefordeertoinhabit.D.AccordingtoEinarsen,huckleberryandvinemapleareexamplesofvegetationthatmaysomedayimprovethenutritionofdeerintheopenareasofthePacificNorthwest.12.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinparagraph5asafactorthathasincreaseddeerpopulations?
A.AreductioninthenumberofpredatorsB.RestrictionsonhuntingC.TheeffectsofloggingandfireD.Lawsthatprotectedfeedinggroundsofdeer13.Lookatthefoursquaresthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Therefoodisavailableandaccessiblethroughoutthewinter.Nearlyanykindofplantoftheforestunderstorycanbepartofadeersdiet.Wheretheforestinhibitsthegrowthofgrassandothermeadowplants,theblack-taileddeerbrowsesonhuckleberry,salal,dogwood,andalmostanyothershruborherb.Butthisisfair-weatherfeeding.Whatkeepstheblack-taileddeeraliveintheharsherseasonsofplantdecayanddormancy?
Onecompensationfornothibernatingisthebuilt-inurgetomigrate.【A】Deermaymovefromhigh-elevationbrowseareasinsummerdowntothelowlandareasinlatefall.【B】Evenwithsnowontheground,thehighbushyunderstoryisexposed;alsosnowandwindbringdownleafybranchesofcedar,hemlock,redalder,andotherarborealfodder.【C】ThenumbersofdeerhavefluctuatedmarkedlysincetheentryofEuropeansintoPugetSoundcountry.【D】Theearlyexplorersandsettlerstoldofabundantdeerintheearly1800sandyetalmostinthesamebreathbemoanedthelackofthissucculentgameanimal.FamousexplorersofthenorthAmericanfrontier,LewisandClarkarrivedatthemouthoftheColumbiaRiveronNovember14,1805,innearlystarvedcircumstances.TheyhadexperiencedgreatdifficultyfindinggamewestoftheRockiesandnotuntilthesecondofDecemberdidtheykilltheirfirstelk.Tokeep40peoplealivethatwinter,theyconsumedapproximately150elkand20deer.Andwhengamemovedoutofthelowlandsinearlyspring,theexpeditiondecidedtoreturneastratherthanfacepossiblestarvation.Lateronintheearlyyearsofthenineteenthcentury,whenFortVancouverbecametheheadquartersoftheHudsonsBayCompany,deerpopulationscontinuedto
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