大学英语考试复习资料大学四级模拟1361.docx
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大学英语考试复习资料大学四级模拟1361.docx
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大学英语考试复习资料大学四级模拟大学英语考试复习资料大学四级模拟1361大学英语考试复习资料大学四级模拟136大学四级模拟136PartWritingDirections:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealetterofadvicetoyourcousinabouthowtospendthefirstwinterholidayincollege.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.问题:
1.目前,越来越多的大学生本科毕业之后选择继续进入研究生院学习。
一个重要的原因是工作不太好找。
那么你打算在大学毕业之后选择找工作还是准备继续上研究生呢?
请就这个问题谈谈你的打算和主要原因。
答案:
范文GraduateSchoolorWorkWhileincreasinglylargenumbersofstudentschoosetofurthertheirstudyingraduateschoolimmediatelyaftergraduation,Iplantogotoworkaftercollege.ThisdoesnotmeanIdonotlikelearningorIdonotwanttolearn.Rather,IchoosetoworkfirstsothatIcanunderstandbettermyinterestsandstrengthbeforecomingbacktograduateschoolforatargetedlearning.Professionalexperienceisanindispensablepartinoneslifeinthatithelpstobridgethegapbetweenwhatonehasbeenlearningandwhatoneplanstodo.Althoughlearningisanimportantpreparationforonessuccess,onecanachievenothingunlesswhathasbeenlearnedisputintopractice.Afterall,theworldoutsideuniversitiesisdifferentfromandmorecolorfulthanthatinsideschools.Onemayhaveplansthataremostlybasedonimaginationratherthanrealityformostofstudentswhohavebeenlearningformorethantenyears.Thus,toknowtheworldandonesowninterestsandstrength,workexperiencewillbecrucial.Moreover,workexperiencecanbevaluableassettothegraduateschoolwhenonedecidestocomebackforfurtherlearning.Besides,Ibelievelearningshouldbegoal-oriented.Thus,topursuefurtherstudybecauseofpressureofnotbeingabletofindajobandwithoutunderstandingwhatonewantstodoisnotprudent.Iplantogoontograduatestudyaswell,butonlyafterIhaveseveralyearsofworkingexperience.写作提示:
本文属于议论文,要求考生进行选择并阐述原因。
根据所给的标题和要求,可以确定文章的主题是:
大学毕业之后作何选择,以及选择的原因。
这种选择类型的题目可以结合两个方面的优点和缺点进行阐述。
文章可以分为三段。
第一段描述背景和自己的选择。
第二段着重突出自己选择的原因,说明自己为什么做出这样的选择。
第三段可以进行适当让步,然后结束全文。
PartReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)FoodPoisoning-andHowtoPreventItChanginglifestylesinthemodemworldhaveresultedinanincreaseddemandforready-to-catfoods,fastfoodsanddiningout.Thischangeindemandhas,inmm,broughtwithitnewandincreasedproblems.Oneoftheseistheriskofbacterialfoodpoisoning.Howdoesfoodpoisoningoccur?
Usually,ittakeslargenumbersoffoodpoisoningbacteriatobepresentinfoodinordertocauseillness.However,giventherightconditions,bacteriacanmultiplyveryrapidly.Theseconditionsinclude:
Time-Inidealconditions,onebacteriumcanmultiplyto2,097,152withinsevenhours.Temperature-Foodpoisoningbacteriagrowbestinthetemperaturerangeof5-60.Thisiscalledthetemperaturedangerzone.Foodshouldnotbeleftinthetemperaturedangerzone.Nutrients-Bacterianeedtheirownfoodsourcetogrowandmultiply.Thetypesoffoodswhichbacteriapreferincludedairyproducts,eggproducts,meatandpoultry,smallgoods,notincludingsalami(意大利腊肠),processedmeatandchickenproducts,fish,shellfishandfishproducts.Becausebacteriamultiplyrapidlyinthesefoods,theyareknownashighriskfoods.Highriskfoodswhichhavebeencontaminated(污染)withfoodpoisoningbacteriaandthenleftinthetemperaturedangerzonecancausefoodpoisoningtoanyonewhoconsumesthem.Water-Withoutmoisture,thegrowthofbacteriaslowsdownandmaystop.Dryingisaneffectiveformoffoodpreserving.Howdoesfoodbecomecontaminated?
Foodiscontaminatedthroughpoorhandlingandstorageandthroughlackofpersonalhygiene(卫生学)bythepeoplewhoprepareandserveit.Foodpoisoningbacteriaareverywidespread.Theycanbefoundinthesoil,onanimalsandonpeople.Becauseofthis,itispossibleforfoodssuchasrawmeat,poultryandvegetablestocontainthesebacteriafromthestart.Acommonwaythatfoodcanbecomecontamination,isthroughcrosscontamination.Thiscanoccurintwoways:
Duringfoodpreparation,hands,utensils(器具)andequipmentsuchascuttingboardscanbecomecontaminatedwithbacteriafromrawfood.Iftheseutensils,equipmentandhandsarethenusedtoprepareready-to-eatorcookedfood,withoutfirstbeingthoroughlywashed,thenthisfoodcanbecomecontaminatedwithbacteriafromtherawfood.Asthisfoodisnotcookedagainbeforebeingconsumed,thebacteriainitwillnotbekilledbycooking.Duringstorage,bacteriafromrawfoodcancontaminateready-to-eatorcookedfoodifthelaterarenotstoredseparately.Iftheyarestoredinthesamerefrigerator,rawfoodshouldalwaysbestoredinthelowestpartoftherefrigeratorandready-to-eatorcookedfoodontheshelvesabove.Thispreventsliquidsfromtherawfooddrippingontothecookedfood.Storefoodincleannon-toxicwashablecontainersorcoverwithfoilorplasticfilm.Howcanfoodpoisoningbeprevented?
Foodpoisoningcanbepreventedby:
(1)Preventingfoodfrombecomingcontaminated.
(2)Preventingthebacteriainthefoodgrowingandmultiplying.Wecanthinkoffoodpoisoningasbeingachainofcircumstances:
Theremustbebacteriaonthefood.Thebacteriahavetherightconditionstogrow-warmth(between5and60),moistureandfood.Thebacteriahavetimetogrowandmultiply.Ifthischainofeventscanbebroken,foodpoisoningcanbeprevented.Someofthewaysofbreakingthischainare:
Makingsureyourhandsaredeanbeforehandingfood.Thoroughlywashingallequipmentusedforpreparingrawfoods.Storingrawfoodsbelowcookedfoodsintherefrigerator.Storingfoodcorrectly-notintheTemperatureDangerZone.Makingsurefoodisservedassoonaspossibleafterpreparation.SomeCommonFoodPoisoningBacteriaSalmonella(沙门氏菌)Commonlyfoundin:
meat,poultry,eggsandeggproducts.Symptoms:
nausea(恶心),stomachcramps,diarrhea(痢疾),feverandheadache.Onset(发作):
6-72hoursafterconsumingcontaminatedfood.Symptomscanlastfrom3-5days.Bacillus(杆状菌)Commonlyfoundin:
Cereals,rice,meatproducts,packetsoups.Symptoms:
nausea,vomiting,diarrheaandstomachcramps.Onset:
1-6hoursafterconsumingthecontaminatedfood.Symptomsusuallylastnolongerthan24hours.Note:
Thesebacteriaproducesporeswhicharenotkilledduringcooking.Whencookedfoodcontainingthesespores,hasbeenleftinthetemperaturedangerzone,thesporesproducetoxins(poisons)inthefoodwhichcancausefoodpoisoning.StaphylococcusaureusCommonlyfoundin:
Meatandpoultrydishes,eggproductsmayonnaise-basedsalads,creamorcustardfilleddesserts.Symptoms:
acutevomiting,nausea,occasionallydiarrheaandcramps.Onset:
30minutes-8hoursafterconsumingthecontaminatedfood.Symptomsusuallylastabout24hours.Note:
Thesebacteriaproducetoxinsinfood.Thetoxinisnotdestroyedduringcookingsocorrectstorageoffoodbeforeandaftercookingisessential.Thesebacteriaarecommonlyfoundontheskinandinthenoseandmouthsofhealthypeople.Therefore,itisimportantthatyoumaintainhighstandardsofpersonalhygiene(卫生学)whenworkingwithfood.Peoplewithopencutsorwoundsontheirhandsandarmsmustensurethattheinjuryiscompletelyprotectedbyawaterproofbandage.Othercommonfoodpoisoningbacteriainclude:
Clostridiumperfringens.Vibrioparahaemolyticus.Listeriamonocytogenes.1.Nowadays,peopleslifestylesarechanging,whichhasresultedinthedemandforfastfoods.答案:
Y参见本文的第一段:
Changinglifestylesinthemodernworldhaveresultedinanincreaseddemandforfastfoods2.Infact,onebacteriumcangrowveryquicklyevenjustwithinsevenhours.答案:
N参见本文第二段第三句:
However,giventherightconditions,bacteriacanmultiplyveryrapidly.因此,虽然multiply相当于“growveryquickly”,但是少了一个非常重要的条件,这句话就不成立了,即“giventherightconditions”。
3.Usuallyonebacteriumissufficienttocauseillness.答案:
N参见第二段中的:
Usually,ittakeslargenumbersoffoodpoisoningbacteriatobepresentinfoodinordertocauseillness原文中“largenumbersofbacteria”与题目中“onebacteria”不符。
4.Fruitthatisnotfreshcanalsocausefoodpoisoning.答案:
NG本文虽然提到了很多可能导致食物中毒的食品,但是并没有提及水果是否新鲜与食物中毒有何联系。
5.Samonellasonsetmaytake6to72hourstohappenandthesymptomsmaylastlongerthan24hours.答案:
Y依据文中小标题,我们可以很快找到这个部分:
672hoursafterSymptomscanlastfrom注意“longerthan24hours”与原文内容是相符的。
6.Onlyifcookedfoodandrawfoodarestoredinthesamerefrigerator,theformerwouldbecontaminated.答案:
N依据文中“Duringstorage”部分“rawfoodshouldalwaysbestoredinthelowestpartStorefoodincleannon-toxicwashablecontainersorcoverwithfoilorplasticfilm”可见,如果摆放位置适当,或者食品上套上保鲜膜之类的东西的话是可以有效避免的。
7.Ifthefoodwithbacteriaarecookedunder75,foodpoisoningcanbeprevented.答案:
Y参见文中第四部分:
Ifthischainofeventscanbebroken,foodpoisoningcanbeprevented而温度正是其中非常重要的一个因素。
8.Time,temperature,nutrientsandwaterarethefourconditionsbacterianeedinorderto_rapidly.答案:
multiply参见本文第二段:
giventherightconditions,bacteriacanmultiplyveryrapidly.9._isaverycommonwaythatmakesthefoodbecomecontaminatedwithbacteria.答案:
Crosscontamination参见文章第三段倒数第二句:
Acommonwaythatfoodcanbecomecontaminated,isthroughcrosscontamination10.Thepoisonproducedbybacteriaisnotdestroyedduringcooking,socorrect_beforeandaftercookingisessential.答案:
storageoffood参见文章“Staphylococcusaureus”部分“Note”中的内容:
Thetoxinisnotdestroyedduringcookingsocorrectstorageoffoodbeforeandaftercookingisessential同时注意toxin和poison之间的替换。
PartListeningComprehensionSectionA问题:
1.A.Shethoughttherewerenoticketsleftfortheshow.B.Shethoughttheseatsontheleftsidewerefullyoccupied.C.Theshowwasplannedalongtimeago.D.Theaudienceweredeeplyimpressedbytheshow.答案:
A听力原文M:
Iheardtherereafewseatsleftfortheshowtonight.W:
Really?
Iwasundertheimpressionthattheticketsweresoldoutalongtimeago.Q:
Whatdoweknowfromthewomansreply?
简析题目问我们能从女士的回答中得到什么信息。
男士说今晚的演出还有一些座位,女士颇为惊讶,说直以为票在很久以前就卖完了。
可见A)正确。
问题:
2.A.TheEdwardsarequitewell-off.B.TheEdwardsshou
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