6 the fly-Katherine Mansfield.pptx

6 the fly-Katherine Mansfield.pptx

《6 the fly-Katherine Mansfield.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《6 the fly-Katherine Mansfield.pptx（35页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

Symbols,1,Symbolisathinginliteraturethatsuggestsmorethanitsliteral（字面的）meaning.Itisappliedonlytoawordorphrasethatsignifiesanobjectandeventwhichinitsturnsignifiessomething,orhasarangeofreference,beyonditself.,Symbolsgenerallydonot“standfor”anyonemeaning,norforanythingabsolutelydefinite;theypoint,theyhint,orasHenryJamesputit,theycastlongshadows.Symbol-shadowTimes/perspectives/criticaltheories-sunShapes-readersinterpretations,2,Conventionalorpublicsymbols:

“theCross”;”theGoodShepherd”Privateorpersonalsymbols（toexploit开拓thewidelysharedassociations）:

peacock;eagle;therisingsun;thesettingsun;climbing;descentAmbiguous模糊不清的symbols:

rose,3,Oh,MyLoveIsLikeaRed,RedRose（RobertBurns）Shewasourqueen,ourrose,ourstar/Andthenshedanced-Oheaven,herdancing!

ORose，thouartsick！

Theinvisibleworm，Thatfliesinthenight，Inthehowlingstorm，HasfoundoutthybedOfcrimsonjoy；AndhisdarksecretloveDoesthylifedestroy.（WilliamBlake:

“TheSickRose”）,4,Thisindefinitemultiplicity多重ofmeaningsischaracteristicofasymbolicstoryanddistinguishesitfromanallegory（寓言，讽喻）.,5,allegory（寓言，讽喻）,6,astoryinwhichperson,places,andthingsformasystemofclearlylabeledequivalents（对等物）.,Aclassicallegoryisthemedieval中世纪的playEveryman,whoseherorepresentsusall,andwho,desertedbyfalsefriendscalledKindredandGoods,facesthejudgmentofGodaccompaniedonlybyafaithfulfriendcalledGoodDeeds.,7,Earlyinthedevelopmentofthefictionalnarrative,symbolismwasoftenproducedthroughallegory,givingtheliteraleventanditsallegoricalcounterpartaone-to-onecorrespondence（对应）.,8,InJohnBunyansThePilgrimsProgress（天路历程）,forexample,everythingandeveryonestandsforsomethingelse.Theprotagonist主角Christian,tonoonessurprise,standsforeveryChristianreader;hisgoal,theCelestial（天国的，神圣的）City,standsforHeaven;,9,TheplacesthroughwhichhepassesonhiswayLucre钱财（money,profit）Hill,VanityFair,andthelike-standforthetemptations诱惑BunyanfeltthatChristianreaderswerelikelytoencounterontheirjourneytosalvation.,10,EventhenamesofChristiansfellowtravelers-Mr.Feeble-mind,Great-heart,andthelike-representnotcharactersbutstatesofbeing.,11,Allegoryisundoubtedlythesimplestwayoffleshingout（充实）atheme,butitisalsotheleastemotionallysatisfyingbecauseitmakesthingsalittletooeasyonthereader.,12,Wefeelthatwearebeinglecturedto;itsalmostasiftheauthorisstoppingeverysentenceortwotosay,“Nowpayspecialattentiontothis,becauseifyoudontrememberit,youwontgetthepoint.”Essentially,allegoryinsultsourintelligence./Ambiguity/imagination/beauty,13,Allegoryalso,however,limitsourperceptions（洞察力，理解力）.Thebestworksofliteraturearethoseinwhichanelementofmysteryremains-thosewhichlendthemselvestoavarietyofinterpretations.,14,Totakeallegorytothenexthigherlevel,wearriveatsomethingthatforwantofabettertermcanbecalledsymbolism.Atthislevel,thereisstillaformofcorrespondence（对应）,andyetitisnotsoone-to-one,andcertainlynotsoblatant（obvious）.,15,Whereasallegoryoperatesveryconsciously,symbolismoperatesontheleveloftheunconscious（thenecessityofimagination）.Thisdoesnotmeanthattheauthorhimselfisunconsciousoftheprocessofcreatingsymbolism-merelythatwe,asreaders,acceptitsinputwithoutreallyunderstandinghowitworks.,16,Symbolsinfictionarenotgenerallyabstracttermslikeloveortruth,butarelikelytobeconcreteobjects（orwordeddescriptionsthatcauseustoimaginethem）.Whatconcreteobjectshaveweseen?

17,birdRose;house;goldwatchQuiltsPortraitFurLight;cafThelottery;blackboxEyefly,18,objects/character/body/actInsomenovelsandstories,symboliccharactersmakebriefcameo（浮雕）（likeastature）appearances.Usuallysuchasymboliccharacterismoreaportraitthanapersonorsomewhatportraitlike,asFaulknersMissEmily,whotwiceappearsatawindowofherhouse“likethecarven雕刻的torso躯干ofanidolinaniche壁龛.”,19,ThoughFaulknerinvestsMissEmilywithlifeandvigor,healsoclothesherinsymbolichints:

sheseemsalmosttopersonify人格化thevanishing消没的aristocracy贵族oftheantebellum（beforetheAmericanCivilWar）South,stillmaintainingablackservantandbeingruthlessly残酷的betrayed出卖byamoneymakingYankee.,20,Sometimesapartofacharactersbodyoranattribute（特征，属性）mayconveysymbolicmeaning:

abaleful（邪恶的）eye,asinEdgarAllanPoes“TheTell-TaleHeart”.,21,Asymbolicactisagesturewithlargersignificancethanusual：

TheLottery,22,Whydowritershavetosymbolizewhydonttheytellusoutright（withoutdelay）?

23,Oneadvantageofasymbolisthatitissocompact（concise简洁的，精练的）,andyetsofullyladen（含义丰富）.Fortheusualpurposesofreadingastoryandunderstandingit,thereisprobablyli