届高考英语阅读理解科普类说明文有解析.docx

届高考英语阅读理解科普类说明文有解析.docx

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届高考英语阅读理解科普类说明文有解析届高考英语阅读理解科普类说明文有解析.科教科普类1、Australialeadstheworldinitsnumberofresidentpoisonousspidersaswellasthestrengthoftheirtoxicity（毒性）.However,ofalmost9,800speciesmostareperfectlyharmlessandinteresting.Spiderdiversityisbroadandmanyfascinatingspeciesoccurherethatrangefromthelargetothetinyandhardlynoticed,andfromthedullestblacktothestrangelyshaped.Spiderscanberoughlyclassifiedaccordingtothestrategies（策略）theyuseforfeeding.Spiderswhichappearedearlierintheevolutionaryscalefeedbywaitinginacaveforfoodtocomealongbeforegrabbingit.Followingthemwerespiderswhichactivelywanderedlookingforfoodandwhichcaughtitbychasingitdown.Theevolutionofflyinginsectsmakesspidersevolvenewwaysofcatchingfoodwhichcouldntbechasedandsotheearliestairwebweaversarose.MostspidersfeedoninsectsandotherarthropodsbuttheWhistlingSpiderfeedsonfrogsandsmallbirds.TheGoldenOrbSpideralsofeedsonsmallbirds.Aspiderperiodicallysheds（蜕皮;脱落）itsskinsothatitcangrow.Immaturestagesarecalledmoults.Eachspecieshasaparticularnumberofmoultsthatitwillgothroughbeforereachingitsfinaladultstage.Usually,oncemalespidershavemated,theydieshortlyafter.But,evenindeath,Redbackmalesoftenserveapurpose.ThealreadypregnantRedbackfemalesalwayskilltheirloverand,inmostcases,alsoeatthem.Thisprovidesthemwithasmallreproductiveadvantage.Allowingspiderstotakeupplacesaroundhousescanbebeneficialinthattheycatchotherannoyinginsectssuchasmosquitoesandflies.Restassuredthatwhileyoumightseesomelargespiders,andperhapsevensomepoisonousones,agoodruleistolookandadmirebutdonttouchanyspideryoufind.Eventhosewithoutpoisoncouldstillhaveanastybite.1.Differentfamiliesofspidersareidentifiedthemselvesby_.A.theirphysicalcharacterB.theirwaysofgettingfoodC.thestrengthoftheirtoxicityD.theireffectontheenvironment2.Whatarethelatestspidersintheirevolutionprocess?

.A.Spidersthatchasedowninsectsforfood.B.Spidersthatwaitfortheinsectstocomealong.C.Spidersthatcanweavewebstocatchflyinginsects.D.Spidersthatactivelygoouttolookforinsectsasfood.3.Ifaspiderstaysonthewallofyourhouse,youdbetter_.A.killitB.feeditC.letitbeD.chaseitout4.Whatisthepassagemainlytalkingabout?

A.Abriefintroductionofspiders.B.Theevolutionprocessofspiders.C.Livingharmoniouslywithspiders.D.Thelivingandfeeinghabitsofspiders.2、Manypeoplebelievethatyoulosetheabilitytolearnnewlanguagesasyougetolder.Languageexperts,however,willtellyouthatyourenevertoooldtolearnanewlanguage.Asyougetolder,itcanbemoredifficulttolearnanewlanguage,though.Childrenandadultslearnnewlanguagesindifferentways.Forchildren,languageistheirlife.Theystudyforthousandsofhourseveryyear.Becausetheyneedtolearnlanguagetobecamepartoftheircommunities.Adults,ontheotherhand,arealreadypartofalanguagecommunity.Learninganewlanguagemeansbecomingpartofanotherlanguagecommunity,andadultsrarelygetthechancetopracticeasmuchasyoungchildrendo.Moreover.childrenleaninganewlanguageareexpectedtomakemistakes.ThisgivesthemfreedomwhenlearningtobedaringandconfidentAdults,however,oftenfeelpressuredtobeperfectwhenlearninganewlanguage.Thiscandiscouragemanypeopleandmakeitevenhardertolearnanewlanguage.Whenyoungchildrenlearnanewlanguage,theycometoseevariouslanguagesasa“normal”partofsociety.Thismindset（思维模式）helpsthemembracelearninganewlanguagewithoutfeelingliketheyredoingsomethingunusualor“toohard”.Soifyouwanttolearnanewlanguage,goforit!

Itsnevertoolatetolearnanewlanguage.Ifyoureolder,itmaytakemorework,butitcanbedone.Ifyoureayoungchild,though,nowisthetimetostepoutandlearnanewlanguage!

1.By“Languageistheirlife”,theauthormeansthatchildren.A.cantlivewithoutlanguageB.leadahappylifeeverydayC.practiceanewlanguagealotD.aretakengoodcareofadults2.Whatmaymakeithardfortheoldpeopletolearnanewlanguage!

A.Theyareafraidofbeinglaughedat.B.Theyusuallyhavetoomanyinterests.C.Theythinkmakingmistakesisnatural.D.Theyalwaysmakeallkindsofmistakes.3.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedifferencebetweenchildrenandadultsinlearningnewlanguage?

A.Thebehaviorstheyhave.B.Thelearningattitudes.C.Thefutureplanstheyhavemade.D.Thematerialstheyareusing.4.Accordingtotheauthor,anewlanguage.A.canneverbelearnedbytheoldpeopleB.canbegraspedbythepeopleeasilyC.canbeunderstoodonlybytheoldpeopleD.canlearnedbyboththeoldandtheyoung3、Kidsandteensareoftendismissiveofpraisefromtheirparents.Iamsurethatparentsouttherecanrelatetothis,asweallhavebeentoldatonetimeoranotherbyoneorseveralofourkids,“Stopit,Mom.oreven,“Yourejustsayingthatbecauseyouaremyparentsandyouhavetosaythat.Icanassureyou,though,thattheyarelistening.Theywillprobablynotthankyouforthispraiseuntiltheyareintheirtwenties,butdontletthatstopyoufrompraisingthemduring.theirchildhoodandteenyears.Justbecarefulhowyoupraisethem.Alittlepraisemaygoalongwayespeciallyifitistherightkindofpraise.ItappearsthatthewaytogoistopraisetheireffortsaccordingtoastudybyBrummelman,ofUtrechtUniversityintheNetherlandsandcolleagues.Theseresearchersconcludedthatkidsshouldbepraisedprimarilyfortheirefforts,ratherthanfortheirpersonalcharacteristics,becauseiftheyarepraisedforeffort,thenapoorperformanceismorelikelytobeseenasaglitch（小故障）,ratherthanavalidreflectionofwhotheyareasindividuals.Letsthinkaboutthistogether.Ifyouareateenagerorachildofanyageandareconstantlytoldhowbrilliantyouare,thenwhenyoudopoorlyonatestorafewtests,youmayfeellikeyouhavesuddenlylostyourstatusasbrilliantandmaynowfeelashamedthatyouaremerelyaverageorevendumb.Ifyouareagirlwhoisconstantlybeingtoldhowbeautifulyouare,thenonadaywhenyoudontlookorfeelsogood,youmaydecidethatyouareunattractive.Thisistheproblemthatdevelopswhenwearepraisingourkidsforglobalpersonalitycharacteristicsthattheycantalwaysliveupto.1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistherightkindofpraise?

A.Youareagreatartist.B.Youareveryintelligent.C.Wow,youhaveaspecialgiftformusic.D.Yourpaintinghasindeedimprovedduetoyourefforts.2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Allthechildrenshouldbepraised.B.Theresnoneedtopraisekidsandteens.C.Praiseshouldbebeyondchildrensexpectations.D.Teensoftenpaynoattentiontotheirparentspraise.3.Theunderlinedword“dumb”inthelastparagraphcanbereplacedby_.A.stupidB.uniqueC.curiousD.honest4.Themaintopicofthispassageis_.A.whytopraisekidsandteensB.howtopraisekidsandteensC.differentwaystopraisekidsandteensD.theimportanceofpraisingkids4、Scientists,psychologistsandEnglishacademicsatLiverpoolUniversityhavefoundthatreadingtheworksoftheclassicalwriterslikeShakespeareandWordsworthhasagreateffectonthemind,catchesthereadersattentionandtriggersmomentsofself-examination.Usingaspecialmachine,theymonitoredthebrainactivityof30volunteersastheyreadworksbyWilliamShakespeare,WilliamWordsworth,T.S.Eliotandothers.Inthefirstpartoftheresearch,thebrainactivityof30volunteerswasmonitoredastheyreadpassagesfromShakespearesplays,includingKingLear,Othello,CoriolanusandMacbeth,andagainastheyreadthetextrewritteninasimplerformormodernlanguage.Whilereadingthecommontexts,normallevelsofelectricalactivitywereshownintheirbrains.WhentheyreadtheworksofShakespeare,however,thelevelsofactivityjumpedbecauseofhisuseofwordswhichwereunfamiliartothem.Theresultofthetestshowedthatthemorechallengingpassagescauseagreaterdegreeofelectricalactivityinthebrainthanthecommonones.Scientistswentontostudythebrainactivityasitrespondedtoeachwordandrecordedhowitlitupasthereaderscameacrossunusualwords,surprisingphrasesordifficultsentencesintheclassicalworks.Asaresult,thislighteningupprocessofthemindlastedlongerthanthatwhenvolunteersreadcommontexts,encouragingfurtherreading.Theresearchalsofoundthatreadingpoetryespeciallyincreasesactivityintherighthemisphere（半球）ofthebrain,anareaconnectedwith“autobiographicalmemory”,drivingthereaderstothinkcarefullyabouttheirownexperiencesbasedonwhattheyhaveread.Theacademicssaidthismeanttheclassicalworksofliteraturearemoreusefulthanself-helpbooks.PhilipDavis,anEnglishprofessorwhohasworkedonthestudyintheuniversitysmagneticresonancecenter,announcedthisweek:

“Classicalliteratureactslikearocket-boostertothebrain,whichprovidesextrapowerforthebrain.Youmayneverimaginehowpowerfulitis.The.researchshowssuchkindofliteraturecancreatenewthoughtsandconnectionsintheyoungandtheold.”1.Theunderlinedword“trigger”inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto“_”.A.dependsonB.picksupC.setsoffD.changesinto2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutreadingclassicalliterature?

A.Itmakesreadersbrainmoreactivethanreadingcommontexts.B.Itmakesreaderselectricalactivityofbrainreturntonormal.C.Itshelpfulforreaderstocomeupwithnewideas.D.Itsanactivitythatissuitableforpeopleofallages.3.Fromtheresearch,wecanlearnthat_.A.thereaderspreferShakespearesworkstotheotherwritersworksB.thewordsof