英文sci论文常用的句式和短语.docx
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英文sci论文常用的句式和短语.docx
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英文sci论文常用的句式和短语
一些英文sci论文常用的句式和短语
Introducingyourwork
Thestudywillbeginbyoutlining...
Thisstudyaddressesanumberofissues...
ChaptersXandXconcentrateon...
Thefollowingsectionsetsout...
...toexaminetheresearchproblemindetail
...toshedlightonanumberofproblemareasincurrenttheory
ThepaperpresentedhereisbasedinpartonanearlierstudyDefiningthescopeofyourstudy
Thefocusofthestudyis...
Thecentralquestiontobeexaminedinthispaperis...
Thestudyisimportantforanumberofreasons:
Presentunderstandingof...islimited.
Manyauthorswouldagreethat...
Previousstudieshaveshownorsuggestedthat...
Theproblemhasbeenmuchdiscussedinrecentliterature.
Thisapproachhasanumberofadvantages:
firstly,...
Thepresentstudywasdesignedtotestthehypothesisthat...
Afullerdiscussionof...willappearinalaterpublication.
Arguingforandagainst
Thispointisparticularlyrelevantto...
Thisbecomesclearwhenoneexamines...
Thislendsweighttotheargumentthat...
Supportforthisinterpretationcomesfrom...
Toputitanotherway,...
Thisraisesthequestionwhether...
Whileitmaywellbevalidthat...,thisstudyarguestheimportanceof...Thisbegsthequestionwhy...
Aseriousdrawbackofthisapproachis...
Oneoftheprimefailingsofthistheoryorexplanationis...
Reviewingotherwork
X'sstudyisatextbookexampleof...
X'sworkhashadaprofoundinfluenceon...
Thestudycontainsanumberofnewandimportantinsights:
Xmakesastrongcasefor...
Xtakeslittleornoaccountof...
Thereislittleevidencetosuggestthat...
Itisverymuchanoversimplificationto...
Thestudyoffersonlycursoryexaminationof...
Xgivesadetailedifnotalwaystenableanalysisof...
Theauthors'claimthat...isnotwellfounded.
X'sexplanationisnotimplausible,ifnotentirelysatisfactory.
Analysisandexplanation
Onetentativeproposalmightbethat...
If,forthesakeofargument,weassume...
Oneofthemostobviousconsequencesof...is...
Thiswouldappeartobesupportedby...
Thereissomeevidencetosuggestthat...
Theimportanceof...isdemonstratedclearlyby...
Althoughitmaywellbetruethat...,itisimportantnottooverlook...
Itisimportanttodistinguishcarefullybetween...
Itisnotnecessarilythecasethat...
Theextenttowhichthisreflects...isunclear.
Amoreplausibleexplanationfororof...would...
Thereasonfor...isunknown,but...hasbeensuggestedbyXasapossiblefactor.Summaryandconclusions
Concludingthissection,wecansaythat...
ChapterXdrawstogetherthemainfindingsofthepaper.
Thestudyhasgonesomewaytowardsunderstanding...
Anumberofkeyissueshavebeenaddressedinthisstudy.
Theresultslendstrongsupportto...
Thisstudyhashighlightedanumberofproblemareasinexistingtheory.Whiletheinitialfindingsarepromising,furtherresearchisnecessary.
Thisraisesanumberofquestionsforfutureresearch.
Theresultsofthisstudysuggestanumberofnewavenuesforresearch.
英文文章常用表达和写法
1.xx的特征在于:
xxischaracterizedby…
2.xx的2个重要特征是:
Twocriticalcharacteristicsofxxare…
3.爱因斯坦指出xx的特征如下:
Einsteinidentifiedthefollowingcharacteristicsofxx…
4.Generally,…一般来讲,原则上…千万不要用inprinciple,此原则非彼原则也
5.已经采用了:
haveadopted…
6.近年来:
inrecentyears
7.over/duringthepast10years.比如我们说SC过去10年间发展很快,用over,over是一段时间的事儿;during是事情发生在什么期间,有时间点的意思。
8.出于各种原因:
foravarietyofreasons
9.此外,另外:
moreover,inaddition
10.即:
“…,namely…”
11.A与B的区别在于:
AandBdifferinthetermsof…
12.谈及,关于:
Intermsof…
13.这些区别是因为:
someofthedifferencestemfrom…
14.为了让:
Inorderforxxto…
15.很大程度上依赖于relyheavilyon…
16.基于…isbasedon…
17.不是…而是…not…,butrather…
18.这方面的例子有…“…,exemplifiedby…”
19.严格限制:
imposethestringentrestrictionson…;受到这些限制:
besubjecttotherestrictions.
20.产生这个问题的原因与…有关:
Theproblemarisesinpartfrom…[Tip]:
多用although,however,while,moreover,inaddition这样的词儿,句子之间的逻辑关系显得很清楚,读paper的人会觉得你的论文很清爽,
论文写作常用词汇和短语
论文写作的一些常用词汇和短语,希望大家也能用得上:
差别gapsbetween,differentiatebetween,discrepancies,nointergroupdifference
NostatisticallysignificantdifferencesinsurvivalwerefoundforMMCorMPMA.AlthoughMMCandMPMAdecreasedwithincreasingnucleargradeandTNMstage,thisdifferencefailedtoachievestatisticalsignificance.
存在,出现occurred,occurrence,existed,existence,presence,present
多数,少数theoverwhelmingmajorityof,inthemajorityofcases,amarkedmajority,handful
方法approaches,avenues,methods,techniques,means,tools
发生率Incidence,frequency,prevalence
Incontrastwithregionsofhighincidence,themutationspectrumdidnotshowahighprevalenceofmutationsatA:
Tbasepairs.
发现,阐明,报道,证实verify,confirm,elucidate,identify,define,characterize,clarify,establish,ascertain,explain,observe,illuminate,illustrate,demonstrate,show,indicate,exhibit,presented,reveal,display,manifest,suggest,propose,estimate,prove,imply,disclose,report,describe,facilitatetheidentificationof,screening,isolation
改变change,alteration,
高,增加high,enhanced,elevated,increased,forced
各种,多种inmultipletypesofneoplasia,invarioustypesofapoptosis,inavarietyoftumors
关系,相关,参与closelyinvolvedin,associated,
广泛的inanextensivesurvey
进行conducte,perform,carryout,
降,少,缺decrease,reduction,reduced,diminish,loss,suppression,deficient,low,weak,faint,light,absence,absent,undetectable,lack,defective,negative,poor,impaired,greatlyreducedorcompletelyabsent,frequentlylostordown-expressed,presenteddiscontinuousandweakerexpression,completelynegative,wasnotdetectableordramaticallyreduced,veryfaint,wasundetectableorbarelydetectable,noexpressionwasfound,
角色,起作用role,part(limited,potential,early,possiblerole),serveantiapoptoticfunctions
可能性feasibility
密切地intimately
难理解的,似谜的enigmatic(xremainsenigmatic)
潜在假定的potential,candidate,putative,
缩写abbreviations
识别,辨别discernment
事件
Metastasistotheliverisacommoneventinclinicaloncology.
aputativetumorinitiatingevent
a(more,extremely,highly,rather,fairly)commoninitial,
acommoneventinthesignaltransductionmechanismsof,inthesignaltransductionprocesses
acommoneventassociatedwiththemechanismsof
acommonearlyeventinresponsesof,afterhigh-dosechemotherapy
acommoneventfollowinggestationalexposuretoimmunotoxicants
acommonevent(thatoccurs)duringapoptosisis……
acommoneventduringoncogenictransformation,inneoplastictransformationthatdirectlyorindirectlyinvolvesactivationofspecifictyrosinekinasesignalingpathways
acommoneventthroughwhich
acommoneventinvivo
arathercommoneventofunknownbiologicalsignificance
acommoneventresultingfromheterogeneousaberrations
acommoneventregardlessofhistologicalsubtyping,butdoesnotbearanypejorativesignificance
acommoneventcontributingto
arare,common,prerequisite,central,major,transient,initiation,stressful,critical,crucial,secondary,independent,regulatory,early,earlier,late,later,subsequent,circumstantial,untoward,upstream,irreversible,veryfrequentevent
提供,帮助provide,supply,help(to),contributeto,offer,allow,dedicate,devote,assistin
调节(失调,上调,下调)dis-regulation,dys-regulation,up-regulation,up-expression,over-expression,down-expression,down-regulation,
推测presume,speculate,confer,conjecture,guess,deduce,deduction(推论)无所不在地(表达,如MEN1)ubiquitously
显著,优先的prominent,pronounced,obvious,marked,predominant,strong,striking,notable,Conspicuously,remarkably,significant,preferential,prevalence,prevalent,
相关性
related,morerelevantwith,therelevanceof
nointergroupdifference,irrespectiveof
Therewasnosignificantcorrelationtogender,age,clinicalsymptoms,histology,TorNstatus,TNMstage,ortumorlocation.
NeithereNOSnornNOSexpressionwasassociatedwithvasculardensity,tumorgradeortheTNMstatusofthetumors.
NocorrelationswerefoundbetweenbFGFandage,menopausalstatus,TNMorpTNM,histology,SBRgradingorsteroidreceptors.
wedidnotfindanycorrelationbetweenbaxexpressionandanyclinicopathologicparameters(sex,age,TNMstatus,tumorgrade,histologicaltype).
相同,同等并列
ThecoordinatedinductionofallthreeFOXO3atargetspromptedustoexaminethestatusofFOXO3aitself
withasimilarpatternto
协同,加强
synergizewith
研究analysis,survey,study,research,investigation,experiments,trial,observations,assessment,inquiry,examinations,pursueinvestigationinto,analyze,detect,determinate,befocusedon,measure,examine,test,assess,evaluate,explore,
一致
whichisinaccordwiththeresults
whichcorroboratedtheresults
whichsupportedtheresults
优缺点meritsanddrawbacks,beneficialanddetrimental
异常aberration,abnormality
重要crucial,key,important,major,beofcriticalimportance
相反
Onthecontrary,
Incontrary,
butquiteonthecontrary
insharpcontrast,
contrarytowhatwouldbeexpected
Contrarytotheexpectationthat
Contrarytopreviousbeliefs,
Contrarytothehypothesis,
Contrarytocurrentpopulartruisms
Contrarytocurrentcognitivetheories,
However,contrarytoexpectation,…….
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