职称英语考试《综合类》模拟试题及答案050717.docx

职称英语考试《综合类》模拟试题及答案050717.docx

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职称英语考试《综合类》模拟试题及答案050717

职称英语考试《综合类》模拟试题及答案0507-17

1、FermiProblem

OnaMondaymorninginJuly,theworld'sfirstatombombexplodedintheNewMexicodesert,Fortysecondslater,theshookwavesreachedthebasecampwheretheItalian-AmericanphysicistEnricoFezmiandhisteamstood.Afteramentalcalculation,Fermiannouncedtohisteamthatthebomb'senergyhadequated10,000tonsofTNT.Thebombteamwasimpressed,butnotsurprised.Fermi'sgeniuswasknownthroughoutthescientificworld.In1938hehadwonaNobelPrize.Fouryearslaterheproducedthefirstnuclearchainreaction,leadingusintothenuclearage.SinceFermi'sdeathin1954,nophysicisthasbeenatonceamasterexperimentalistandaleadingtheoretician.

Likeallvirtuosos（大师）,Fermihadadistinctivestyle.Hepreferredthemostdirectroutetoananswer.Hewasverygoodatdividingdifficultproblemsintosmall,manageablebitstalentweallcanuseinourdailylives.

Todevelopthistalentinhisstudents,FermiwouldsuggestatypeofquestionnowknownasaFermiproblem.Uponfirsthearingoneofthese,youhaven'ttheremotestnotionoftheanswer,andyoufeelcertainthattoolittleinformationhadbeengiventosolveit,Yetwhentheproblemisbrokenintosub-problems,eachanswerablewithoutthehelpofexpert.sorbooks,youcancomeclosetotheexactsolution.

SupposeyouwanttodetermineEarth'scircumferencewithoutlookingitup.EveryoneknowsthatNewYorkandLosAngelesareabout3,000milesapartandthatthetimedifferencebetweenthemisthreehours.Threehoursisone-eighthofaday,andadayisthetimeittakestheplanettocompleteonerotation,soitscircumferencemustbeeighttimes30000r24000miles.Thisanswerdiffersfromthetruevalue,24,902.45miles,bylessthanfourpercent.

UltimatelythevalueofdealingwitheverydayproblemsthewayFermididliesintherewardsofmakingindependentdiscoveriesandinventions.Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherthediscoveryisasimportantasdeterminingthepowerofanatomorassmallasmeasuringthedistancebetweenNewYorkandLosAngeles.Lookinguptheanswer,orlettingsomeoneelsefinditdeprivesyouofthepleasureandpridethataccompanycreativity,anddeprivesyouofanexperiencethatbuildsupself-confide.Thus,approachingpersonaldilemmasasFermiproblemscanbecomeahabitthatenrichesyourlife.

Fermi,anexperimentalistaswellasatheoretician,wonaNobelPrizeforproducingthefirstnuclearchainreactionintheworld.

【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

正确答案:

B

答案解析:

文章第1段中提到Fermi在1938年获诺贝尔奖，四年以后才成功地实现了核连锁反应，所以题干的说法是错误的。

2、TheRaceintoSpace

AmericanmillionaireDennisTitowillalwaysbefamous.Hewasthefirsttouristinspace."IspentsixtyyearsonEarthandeightdaysinspaceandfrommyviewpoint,itwastwoseparatelives,"Titoexplained.Helovedhistimeinspace."Beinginspaceandlookingbackatearthisoneofthemostrewardingexperiencesahumanbeingcanhave."

Thiskindofexperienceisn'tcheap.Itcost$20million.However,Titoachievedhisdream,sohewashappy."Formeitwasalifedream.Itwasadreamthatbeganwhendidn'thaveanymoney,"hetoldreporters.

On30April2002,MarkShuttleworthbecametheworld'ssecondspacetourist.ShuttleworthisaSouthAfricanbusinessman.Attheageoftwenty-eight,healsopaid$20millionfortheeight-daytrip.

BothTitoandShuttleworthboughttheirticketsfromacompanycalledSpaceAdventures.Thecompanyhasaround100peoplealreadyontheirwaitinglistforflightsintospace.Thespaceshiptotakethemdoesn'texistyet.

Manyofthecustomersarepeoplewholikeadventure.TheyarethekindofpeoplewhoalsowanttoclimbMountQomolangma.Othercustomersarepeoplewholovespace.However,thesepeopleareworried.Becauseit’ssoexpensive,onlyveryrichpeoplecangointospace.Theywantspacetraveltobeavailabletomorepeople.

Thatdaymaysoonbehere.InterOrbitalSystems（IOS）planstosenduptofourtouristsaweekintospace.ThetourswilldepartfromanislandinTonga.Thecompanypromisesapackagethatincludesforty-fivedaysofastronauttraininginRussiaandCalifornia,sevendaysinspace,andavacationinTonga,for$2million.

However,spaceflightisstillverydangerous.BillReaddyisNASA'sdeputyassistantadministratorforspaceflight.Hesaysthatthechancesofdyingareabout1in500.Becauseofthis,itmaytaketimebeforespacetourismreallytakesoff.Youmightbeabletogoup,butwillyoucomedown?

IOSwillsenditstouristsintospacefromTonga.

【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

正确答案:

A

答案解析:

本题有一定难度，要到文章第六段找答案依据。

带着题干提示词IOS和Tonga迅速回到文章定位。

第六段谈到，IOS计划每周送四位游客进太空，这次旅行要从汤加的一个岛上开始，所以本题正确，答案是A。

3、WhatIstheCoolestGasintheUniverse?

WhatisthecoldestairtemperatureeverrecordedontheEarth?

Wherewasthislowtemperaturerecorded?

ThecoldestrecordedtemperatureonEarthwas-91℃whichoccurredinAntarcticain1983.

WeencounteraninterestingsituationwhenwediscusstemperaturesinspaceTemperaturesinEarthorbitactuallyrangefromabout+120℃to-120℃.Thetemperaturedependsupon_____youareindirectsunlightorshade,Obviously,-120℃iscolderthanourbodycansafelyendure.ThankNASAscienceforwell-designedspacesuitsthatprotectastronautsfromthesetemperatureextremes.

Thespacetemperaturesjustdiscussedaffectonlyourareaofthesolarsystem.Obviously,itishotterclosertotheSunandcolderaswetravelawayfromtheSun.AstronomersestimatetemperaturesatPlutoareabout-210℃.Howcoldisthelowestestimatedtemperatureintheentireuniverse?

Again,itdependsuponyourlocation.Wearetaughtitissupposedlyimpossibletohaveatemperaturebelowabsolutezero,whichis-273℃,atwhichatomsdonotmove.Twoscientists,whosenamesareCornellandWieman,havesuccessfullycooleddownagastemperaturebarelyaboveabsolutezero.TheywonaNobelPrizeinPhysicsin2001fortheirworknotadiscoveryinthiscar.

Whyisthetwoscientists'worksoimportanttoscience?

Inthe1920s,SatyendraNathBosewasstudyinganinterestingtheoryaboutparticleswenowcallphotons.BosehadtroubleconvincingOtherscientiststobelievesohecontactedAlbertEinstein.Einstein'scalculationshelpedhimtheorizewouldbehaveasBosethoughtbutonlyatverycoldtemperatures.

Scientistshavealsodiscoveredthatultra-coldatomscanhelpthemmaketheworld'satomicclocksevenmoreaccurate.Theseclocksaresoaccuratetodaytheywouldonlyloseonesecondeverysixmillionyears!

Suchaccuracywillhelpustravelinspacebecausedistanceisvelocitytimestime（d=vxt）.Withthelongdistancesinvolvedinspacetraveltoknowtimeasaccuratelyaspossibletogetaccuratedistance.

【单选题】

A.whether

B.where

C.what

D.when

正确答案:

A

答案解析:

上下文的意思是：

地球轨道上的温度是介乎+120℃至-120℃之间。

温度的变化取决于是向阳还是背阳。

whether是“是否”的意思，所以是本题的答案。

4、U.S.toStart$3.2BillionChildHealthStudyinJanuary

Astudythatwillcost$3.2billionandlastmorethantwodecadestotrackthehealthof100,000U.S.childrenfrombeforebirthtoage21willbelaunchedinJanuary,U.S.healthofficialssaidonFriday.

OfficialsfromtheU.S.government'sNationalInstitutesofHealthsaidtheyhopethestudy,tobeconductedat105locationsthroughouttheUnitedStates,canhelpidentifyearly-lifeinfluencesthataffectlaterdevelopment,withthegoaloflearningnewwaystotreatorpreventillness.

Thestudywillexaminehereditaryandenvironmentalfactorssuchasexposuretocertainchemicalsthataffecthealth.

Researcherswillcollectgeneticandbiologicalsamplesfrompeopleinthestudyaswellassamplesfromthehomesofthewomenandtheirbabiesincludingair,water,dustandmaterialsusedtoconstructtheirresidences,theNIHsaid.

Officialssaidmorethan$200millionhasbeenspentalreadyandthestudyisprojectedtocost$3.2billion.

"Weanticipatethatinthelongterm,whatwelearnfromthestudywillresultinasignificantsavingsinthenation'shealthcarecosts,"Dr.DuaneAlexander,whoheadstheNIH'sEuniceKennedyShriverNationalInstituteofChildHealthandHumanDevelopment,toldreporters.

ThestudywillbegininJanuarywhentheUniversityofNorthCarolinaandtheMountSinaiSchoolofMedicineinNewYorkstartsigninguppregnantwomenwhosebabieswillthenbefollowedtoage21.

Someoftheearlyfindingswillbeaboutfactorsbehindpre-termbirth,whichhasbecomemorecommoninrecentyears,accordingtoDr.PeterScheidoftheNIH,whoheadsthestudy.

Thepeopletakingpartwillbefromrural,urbanandsuburbanareas,fromallincomeandeducationallevelsandfromallracialgroups,theNIHsaid.

Thebabiesoftheparticipantswillbefollowed____.

【单选题】

A.throughouttheirlives.

B.formorethantwodecades.

C.frombirthto21months.

D.untiltheygetmarried.

正确答案:

B

答案解析:

短文的第1段以及倒数第3段都说到，这些婴儿将从出生前一直被跟踪到21岁。

5、SharingSilence

DeafteenagersOrlandoChavezandGermanResendizhavebecomefriendssincekindergarten（幼儿园）.Togetherthetwoboys,whogotoEscondidoHighSchoolinCalifornia,havehadthedifficultjoboflearninginschoolswherethemajorityofthestudentscanspeakandhear.

Orlandolosthishearingattheageofone.Germanwasborneddeaf,andhisparentsmovedfromMexicotofindaschoolwherehecouldlearnsignlanguage.HemetOrlandoontheirfirstdayofkindergarten.

"Wewereinaspecialclasswithabout25otherdeafkids,"Germanremembers."Beforethen,Ididn'tknowIwasdeafandIwasdifferent."

"Beingyounganddeafinregularclasseswasveryhard,"signsOrlando."Theotherkidsdidn'tunderstandusandwedidn'tunderstandthem.Butwe'veallgrownuptogether,andtoday,I'mpopularbecauseI'mdeaf.Kidstryhard