Homing pigeons are placed in a training program from about the time they are twenty.docx
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Homing pigeons are placed in a training program from about the time they are twenty.docx
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Homingpigeonsareplacedinatrainingprogramfromaboutthetimetheyaretwenty
Homingpigeonsareplacedinatrainingprogramfromaboutthetimetheyaretwenty-eightdaysofage.Theyaretaughttoenterthecagethroughatrapandtoexerciseaboveandaroundtheloft(鸽棚),andgraduallytheyaretakenawayforshortdistancesinwillowbasketsandreleased.Theyarethenexpectedtofindtheirwayhomeintheshortestpossibletime.
Intheirtrainingflightsorinactualraces,thebirdsaretakentoprearrangeddistantpointsandreleasedtofindtheirwaybacktotheirownlofts.Oncethebirdsareliberated,theirowners,whoarestandingbyatthehomelofts,anxiouslywatchtheskyforthereturnoftheirentries.Sincetimeisoftheessence,thespeedwithwhichthebirdscanbeinducedtoenterthelofttrapmaymakethedifferencebetweengainingawinorasecondplace.
Theheadofahomingpigeoniscomparativelysmall,butitsbrainisonequarterlargerthanthatoftheordinarypigeon.Thehomingpigeonisveryintelligentandwillperseveretothepointofstubbornness;somehavebeenknowntoflyahundredmilesoffcoursetoavoidastorm.
Somehomingpigeonexpertsclaimthatthisbirdisgiftedwithaformofbuilt-inradarthathelpsitfinditsownloftafterhoursofflight,forhiddenundertheheadfeathersaretwoverysensitiveears,whilethesharp,prominenteyescanseegreatdistancesindaytime.
Whydohomingpigeonsflyhome?
Theyarenotuniqueinthisinherentskill;itisfoundinmostmigratorybirds,inbees,ants,toads,andeventurtles,whichhavebeenknowntotravelhundredsofmilestoreturntotheirhomes.Butintheanimalworld,thehomingpigeonalonecanbetrustedwithitsfreedomandtrainedtocarryoutthemissionsthatpeopledemand.
1.Thispassageismainlyabout_______.
A.homingpigeonsandtheirtraining
B.howtobuyahomingpigeon
C.protectionofhomingpigeonsagainstthethreatofextinction
D.liberationofhomingpigeons
2.Accordingtothepassage,whathappenstohomingpigeonswhentheyareaboutamonthold?
A.Theyarekeptinatrap.
B.Theyentertheirfirstrace.
C.Theybeginatrainingprogram.
D.Theygettheirwingsclippedandmarked.
3.Accordingtothepassage,thedifferencebetweenahomingpigeonandanordinaryoneis_______.
A.thespanofthewingsB.theshapeoftheeyes
C.thetextureofthefeathersD.thesizeofthebrain
4.Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingattributesthatenableahomingpigeonto
returnhomeEXCEPT_______.
A.instinctB.airsacs
C.sensitiveearsD.goodeyes
5.Whydoestheauthormentionbees,ants,toads,andturtlesinthelastparagraph?
A.Todescribesomeunusualkindsofpets.
B.Tomeasuredistancestraveledbyvariousanimals.
C.Tocomparetheirhome-findingabilitieswiththoseofhomingpigeons.
D.Tointerestthereaderinlearningaboutotheranimals.
第二篇
Aresomepeoplebornclever,andothersbornstupid?
Orisintelligencedevelopedbyourenvironmentandourexperiences?
Strangelyenough,theanswertoboththesequestionsisyes.Tosomeextentourintelligenceisgivenusatbirth,andnoamountofspecialeducationcanmakeageniusoutofachildbornwithlowintelligence.Ontheotherhand,achildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings.Thusthelimitsofaperson'sintelligencearefixedatbirth,butwhetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.Thisview,nowheldbymostexperts,canbesupportedinanumberofways.
Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomeextentsomethingwearebornwith.Thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweentwopeople,theclosertheyarelikelytobeinintelligence.Thusifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandom(任意的)fromthepopulation,
itislikelythattheirdegreesofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent.Ifontheotherhandwetaketwoidentical(完全相同的)twinstheywillverylikelybeasintelligentaseachother.Relationslikebrothersandsisters,parentsandchildren,usuallyhavesimilarintelligence,andthisclearlysuggeststhatintelligencedependsonbirth.来源:
Imaginenowthatwetaketwoidenticaltwinsandputthemindifferentenvironments.Wemightsendone,forexample,toauniversityandtheothertoafactorywheretheworkisboring.Wewouldsoonfinddifferencesinintelligencedeveloping,andthisindicatesthatenvironmentaswellasbirthplays
apart.Thisconclusionisalsosuggestedbythefactthatpeoplewholiveinclosecontactwitheachother,butwhoarenotrelatedatall,arelikelytohavesimilardegreesofintelligence.
26.Whichofthesesentencesbestdescribesthewriter'spointinParagraph1?
A.Tosomeextent,intelligenceisgivenatbirth.
B.Intelligenceisdevelopedbytheenvironment.
C.Somepeopleareborncleverandothersbornstupid.
D.Intelligenceisfixedatbirth,butisdevelopedbytheenvironment.
27.Itissuggestedinthispassagethat_______.
A.unrelatedpeoplearenotlikelytohavedifferentintelligence
B.closerelationsusuallyhavesimilarintelligence
C.thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweenpeople,themoredifferenttheyarelikelytobeinintelligence
D.peoplewholiveinclosecontactwitheachotherarenotlikelytohavesimilardegreesofintelligence
28.Brothersandsistersarelikelyto_______.
A.havesimilarintelligenceB.havedifferentintelligence
C.gotothesameuniversityD.gotothesamefactory
29.InParagraph1,theword"surroundings"means_______.
A.intelligenceB.life
C.environmentsD.housing
30.Thebesttitleforthisarticlewouldbe_______.
A.OnIntelligence
B.WhatIntelligenceMeans
C.WeAreBornwithIntelligence
D.EnvironmentPlaysaPartinDevelopingIntelligence
第三篇
Asacompanyexecutive(总经理)whospenttenyearsinfederalservice,IamoftenaskedwhatIregardasthebiggestdifferencebetweenworkingforthegovernmentandworkingforaprivatecompany.MyinvariableresponseistosaythatIlookbackonmytimeingovernmentasoneofthemostexcitingandchallengingexperiencesofmylife.Furthermore,IneverworkedashardaswhenIwasapublicservant.
WhenIworkedforthegovernment,Iworkedwithsomeofthefinest,mostcompetentandmostcommittedpeopleIhaveevermet.Iwasimpressedbytheoverallqualityofourcareercivilservantsthen,andIstillam.ButoneofmygreatestconcernsnowisthatIwillnotbeabletoholdthissamehighopinioninthefuture.
Careerpublicservantsareleavinggovernmentinalarmingnumbers,andqualifiedreplacementsarebecomingharderandhardertofind.Goodpeoplewholeavecareergovernmentservicearestrivingforhighlypaidpositionsinprivateenterprises.
Wedependongovernmenttokeepthiscountrysafeinanuncertainworld,tosecurejusticeanddomesticorderandtosolveahostofpressingproblems.Weneedthebestpossiblepeopleperformingandoverseeingthesevitaltasks.Ahigh-quality,professionalfederalservicehasbeenasourceofnationalprideformorethanacentury.Butwhatwehavebuiltupduringahundredyearscanbelostinlesstimethanweimagine.Wecan'taffordtoletthishappen.Wemustactnowifthiscountryistobeassuredofthequalitypublicserviceitdeserves.
21.Careerpublicservantsareleavinggovernmentinalarmingnumbers.Oneofthe
reasonsmaybethat______.
A.theyreceivedlowerpay
B.theydeservednofameandglory
C.theyperformedpoorly
D.theyworkedharderthananyoneelse
22.Accordingtotheauthor,_______,soIwillnotbeabletoholdthissamehighopinion
towardthepublicservantsinthefuture.
A.IneverworkedashardaswhenIwasapublicservant
B.Ihavebecomeacompanyexecutive
C.therewillnotbesomanycompetentandqualifiedservantsinthegovernmentaswehadbefore
D.mytimeingovernmentwasnotthemostexcitingexperienceinmylife
23.Wedependongovernmenttokeepthiscountrysafeinanuncertainworld,therefore,
A.weshouldmakegreatercontributionstothecountry
B.thebestpossiblepeopleareurgentlyneededtodoimportanttasks
C.weshouldshowdeepconcernaboutthenation'sfuture
D.weshouldbecomepublicservants
24.Ifweneglecttheseriousproblemandmakenoefforts,wewilllose_______.
A.nationalprideB.high-qualityprofessionalfederalservice
C.goodpeopleD.privateenterprise
25.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?
A.Thosewhoworkforcompaniesarehighlypaid.
B.Moreandmorepublicservantshaveleftthegovernment.
C.Careerpublicservantsarequalified.
D.Manypeopleofhighqualitieswanttoworkinthegovernment.
第四篇
MoreattentionwaspaidtothequalityofproductioninFranceatthetimeofReneCoty.CharlesDeschanelwasthenthefinancialminister.Hestressedthatworkmanshipandqualityweremoreimportantthanquantityforindustrialproduction.Itwouldbenecessarytoproducequalitygoodsfortheinternationalmarketstocompetewiththoseproducedinothercountries.TheFrencheconomyneededalargershareofinternationalmarkettobalanceitsimportandexporttrade.
Frenchindustrialandagriculturalproductionwasstillinadequatetomeettheimmediateneedsofthepeople,letalonelong-rangeddevelopments.Essentialimportshadstretchedthenationalcredittothebreakingpoint.Rentsweretightlycontrolled,buttheextremeinflationaffectedgeneralpopulationmostseverelythroughthecostoffood.Foodcoststookasmuchas80percentoftheworker'sincome.Wages,i
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