3P模式在商务口译中的应用James.docx
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3P模式在商务口译中的应用James.docx
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3P模式在商务口译中的应用James
宁波理工学院
毕业设计(论文)
题目3P模式在商务口译中的应用
姓名章钦盈
学号3044115148
专业班级2004级英语5班
指导教师刘冰
分院外国语分院
完成日期2008年 5月20日
“3P”ModelinBusinessInterpreting
By
ZhangQinying
StudentNumber:
3044115148
Supervisor:
LiuBing
AThesis
SubmittedinPartialFulfillment
oftheRequirementfortheDegreeof
BachelorofArtsintheSchoolofForeignLanguages,
NingboInstituteofTechnology,ZhejiangUniversity
May20,2008
Acknowledgements
Inthecourseofworkingonthethesis,manypeoplegenerouslyofferedtheirvaluableadviceandhelp.
I’dliketotakethisopportunitytoextendmysincereappreciationtomysupervisor,ProfessorLiuBing,whohelpedmeovercomelotsofdifficultiesinthelongandhardprocessingofcomposingthisthesisforthedegreeofBachelorofArts.
Iamalsogratefultomyclassmatesandroommatesfortheirpsychologicalsupportandencouragement.
Mylastbutnotleastappreciationshouldgotomyfamilymembersfortheirconstantsupportandassistantinthewholeprocess.
Abstract
Thethesisaimstodiscussthefactorsthatinfluencebusinessinterpretationprocess.Alongwithreformandopeningup,asakindofcommunication,businessactivitiesaremoreemphasizedcomparedwiththepast.Yetachievementsarefruitfulinthetranslationfieldinthepastdecades,researchesinthefieldofinterpretationarecomparedunfavorablywiththat.
Resultdependsontheprocess.Thesameistrueinthefieldofinterpretation.Sothethesispaysmoreattentiontothe“process”.Alogicalprocessofbusinessinterpretingcanresultinagoodbusinessinterpretation,andthenabusinessdeal.Thisthesisgivesabriefintroductionofbusinessinterpretingintermsofitsdefinition,history,rangeofbusinessactivitiesandfeatures,andadvances“3P”modelwhichconcentratesoninterpretingprocess.Intheprocess,factorsoflanguageproficiency,businessknowledgeandvocabulary,cross-culturalawareness,qualityofnote-takingaremostlydeterminedbyinterpreter’seducationalbackground.Thefactorsofthepsychologicalquality,thefeatureofspokenlanguage,thestyleofbusinessspeech,thespeaker’spurposeofthespeech,thebackgroundofspeaker,thestanceoftheinterpreterareinfluencedbytheenvironment.Basesonthesefactors,thethesisanalyzesthepracticeof“3P”modelinbusinessinterpretingprocess,andcomparesthe“3P”modelwithothermodelsofinterpretingprocess.
Withallthese,thethesisdrawsmoreattentiontobusinessinterpretingprocess,andhelpsbusinessinterpretersovercomelanguageandculturedifferencetoachievesuccessbusinesscommunication.
KeyWords:
3Pmodel;business;interpretation;practice
摘要
本论文目的是讨论商务口译过程中对译文产生影响的一些因素。
而与过去相比,商务活动作为一种交流方式,被人们进一步强化了。
虽然笔译领域的研究成果在过去数十年里硕果累累,但口译领域的研究就相形见绌了。
结果取决于过程,口译领域也不例外。
本文更多强调“过程”。
一个合理的商务口译过程能够产生商务口译成果,而后成就一场商业交易。
本文阐诉了商务口译定义,分析了商务活动历史、商务活动范围和特征,提出了着眼于商务口译过程的“3P”模式。
在这个商务口译过程中,语言技巧、商务词汇和知识、跨文化意识、笔记能力这些因素大多由口译员教育背景决定。
而心理素质、口语特征、商务演讲风格、演讲目的、演讲者背景和口译员立场是受外部环境影响的。
通过这些因素,本文分析“3P”模式在整个商务口译实践过程中的应用,并将“3P”模式与其他口译过程模式进行对比。
基于此,以吸引更多人关注商务口译过程,亦帮助商务口译者克服语言文化障碍并获得商务交流的成功。
关键词:
“3P”模式;商务;口译;应用
Contents
1Introduction1
1.1RecentResearchesonBusinessInterpretationand“3P”Model1
1.2PurposeofthePaper2
2Definationof“3P”Model2
3PreparingPhaseofBusinessInterpreting3
3.1LanguageProficiency3
3.2PsychologicalQuality4
3.3BusinessKnowledgeandVocabulary5
3.4Cross-culturalAwarenessforBusinessInterpreting6
4PerformingPhaseofBusinessInterpreting7
4.1TheFeaturesofspokenLanguage7
4.2TheStyleofBusinessSpeech8
4.3TheSpeaker’sPurposeoftheSpeech9
4.4BackgroundoftheSpeakers9
4.5TheStanceoftheInterpreter10
4.6QualityofNote-taking11
5PackagingPhaseofBusinessInterpreting12
5.1Accuracy12
5.2Fluency12
5.3CompletenessofInterpretation12
5.4Flexibility13
6Conclusion13
Bibliography15
1Introduction
1.1RecentResearchesonBusinessInterpretationand“3P”Model
Thedistinctionbetweenthetwolanguagesandthecomplexityandextensivenessofbusinessactivitiesmakesitbynomeansaneasytasktomakeanbusinessinterpretationperfectly.Suchfactorsasrhyme,tunepunsandanecdotescannotbeinterpretedexactlyevenintheoriginallanguage,letaloneexplainfaithfullyinthetargetversion.(QiuYue2002:
13)Therefore,thereisalwayssomelossofinformationinitstransmission.Thus,interpretersshouldfindamodelthatspecializetominimizethepossibilityoflosinginformationininterpretation.
Owingtodifferentformstheytake,interpretationandwrittentranslation(hereinafterreferredtosimplyastranslation)areassumedtobetwodifferentkindsofprocess,thoughbothrefertothesameactofproducinginatargetlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalenceofthesourcetext.Bothinterpretationandtranslationinvolvecarefulanalysisofsense,meaning,andfunctionofaspeechwithinspecificcontextitoccurs,aswellasthewriter’sorthespeaker’sintentioninextra-linguisticaspectofcommunication.Thesignificanceliesinthatthespeechwithwhichaninterpretermustmakesdecisionsoon,theenormouspressuretokeepuptherapidflowofspokenlanguage,thebackgroundknowledgenecessaryforinstantrecall,andthewillingnesstoproducesomethingthatmaynotbeperfect.
Tomakeinterpretingmoresuccessful,professorZhaoMinyiproposesamodelinwhichconcentratesontheprocessofinterpretingAsitrefersto3phasesthatbeginwithletter“P”forinterpretingprocess,thatis:
Preparing(pre-interpretingpreparation),Performing(interpretingperformance),Packaging(post-interpretingpackaging),itiscalled“3P”model.(ZhaoMinyi2006:
1-2)Infieldinterpretingforbusiness,weshouldsparenoeffortinanyphase.
Intheformermodel,asinterpreteralwaysgivesprioritytothecomprehensionduringinterpreting.Thecomprehensionmodelis“comprehension=knowledgeforthelanguage+extralinguisticknowledge+analysis”.Whileintheinnovation“3P”model,interpretergivesprioritytothewholeprocess,thisrelatestotheequivalencebetweenthetargetversionandoriginalversion.
1.2PurposeofthePaper
Businessactivitiesarebecominginternationalizedinvarioussectorswiththerapiddevelopmentoftheworldeconomyandexpansionofcross-culturalexchanges.Englishisplayingamoreandmoreimportantroleintheprocessofbusinessactivity.Somepeoplemayholdthatitisoflittlesignificancetomakeresearchonthistopic,becauselimitedtimeisundertheinterpreters’controlbeforetheyproduceinterpretedversions.Therefore,thereisnotenoughtimetoconsidertranslationtheoriessuchasinformationequivalenceorothersimilarprinciplesandtechnologies.Somemayevenbelievethatsomedeficiencyininformationtranslationisallowed.Itisinevitableorevenreasonablethatmakingsomesmallmistakesininterpreting,whichallowslittletimeforthinking.MytutorLiuBingconsidersinterpretationas“aregretfulart”.Howeveryoutry,itisimpossibletodoitperfectly.Furthermore,sometimesaslightmistakeininformationtransmissionmaymakeadifferenceintheoutcomeofbusiness.Therefore,thisthesisisintendedtoputsometheoriesintopracticewithanaimofdiscussing“3P”modelforinterpreterstofollowandachieveahigherlevelininterpretingwork.
Asiscleartousall,interpretationcanbeclassifiedintoseveralcategoriesfromdifferentaspects.Themostcommonclassificationshouldbesimultaneousinterpretationandconsecutiveinterpretation.
Thejobofbusinessinterpretersismostlyrelatedtoconsecutiveinterpretation,asmostofthebusinessactivitiesareconcernedwithmutualcontactbyintermittentcommunicating,andduringthiscoursetheinterpreterservesasabridge.Thecomplexityofbusinessactivitiesandbarriersbetweenlanguagesmakeitreallyhardtofulfillsufficientinformationtransmission.Insuchacasebusinessinterpretationplaysacrucialroleinnarrowingdownthegapbetweentheparties.
2Definitionof“3P”Model
Thestudyoftheprocessofinterpretingisofgreatsignificance.Asweknow,theinterpreterexperiencestheprocessofthinkingandanalyzingduringtheextremelylimitedperiodoftime.Thenwhatonearthhappensduringtheprocess?
Andwhatkindsoffactorsinfluenceinterpreterandfinallyhisperformance?
Throughthestudyontheusageof“3P”modelinbusinessinterpretation,weaccesstosomefactorsofthepathwayinfluencingorevenleadingtotheinterpreter’sdecisions.
Duringthewholebusinessinterpretingprocess,nomatteritisconferenceinterpreting,visitinterpreting,orceremonyinterpreting,allthefactorsthatshouldbeaccountedlistedbelowasarulebasedonthe“3P”model.
Phase1(preparing):
1.Languageproficiency
2.Psychologicalquality
3.Businessknowledgeandvocabulary
4.Cross-culturalawareness
Phase2(performing)
1.Thefeaturesofspokenlanguage
2.Thestyleofthespeech
3.Thespeakers’purposeofthespeech
4.Backgroundofthespeakers
5.Thestanceoftheinterpreter
6.Qualityofnotetaking
Phase3(packaging)
Assessmentandsummarizationbyoneself
3PreparingPhaseofBusinessInterpreting
3.1LanguageProficiency
Interpretationisanart,anartthatneedsinterpreternotonlyaccomplishedinlanguageitself,butalsodoubleinknowledgeofotherfields.Itisanartthathasfeaturesofextemporaneousness,stressfulness,independence,comprehensivenessandmiscellaneousness.(ChenSudong2003:
23)Interpretationworkrequiresnotonlyprompttranslationfromoriginallanguagetotargetlanguage,butalsodecentmeaningconveyandcommunication.
Asaninterpreterneedstointerpretapieceofspeechwhichisunpredictab
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