高中英语语法归纳总结.docx
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高中英语语法归纳总结.docx
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高中英语语法归纳总结
高中英语语法之小茂解析
第一章主谓一致
主谓一致(Subject-VerbAgreement),指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系.如:
Heisgoingabroad.Theyareplayingfootball. 可分为:
语法一致,内容一致,就近一致.
(一)语法一致原则:
即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数.以下为注意事项:
1.单数主语即使后面带有with,alongwith,togetherwith,like(象),but(除了),except,besides,aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan(而不是),including,inadditionto引导的短语,谓语动词仍用单数.
如:
Airaswellaswaterismatter.空气和水都是物质.
Nooneexcepttwoservantswaslateforthedinner.除了两个仆人外,没有一个人迟来用餐。
2.用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念,谓语动词用单数,否则用复数.如:
Thepoetandwriterhascome.那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)
Ahammerandasawareusefultools.锤子和锯都是有用的工具.(两样物)
用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体,如:
breadandbutter(黄油抹面包),knifeandfork(刀叉)等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
3.不定式(短语),动名词(短语),或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数.如:
Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.
为人民服务是我最大的幸福.
Whenwe’llgooutforanoutinghasbeendecided.
我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。
4.用连接的并列主语被each,every或no修饰时,谓语动词用单数.
Everyboyandeverygirllikestogoswimming.每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.
Noteacherandnostudentwasabsentfromthemeeting.没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.
Eachmanand(each)womanisaskedtohelp.每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。
5.eachof+复数代词,谓语动词用单数.复数代词+each,谓语动词用单数.如:
Eachofushassomethingtosay.我们每个人都有话要说。
6.若主语中有morethanone或manya/an,尽管从意义上看是复数,但它的谓语动词仍用单数。
但more+复数名词+thanone做主语时,谓语动词仍用复数.如:
Manyaboylikesplayingbasketball.许多男生都喜欢打篮球.
Morethanonestudentwaslate.不只一个学生迟到
Morepersonsthanonecometohelpus.不止一个人来帮助我们。
7.none做主语时,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数;但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数.如:
Noneofusare(is)perfect.人无完人。
Noneofthisworriesme.这事一点不使我着急。
8.名词如:
trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses等作主语时,谓语动词必须用复数.如:
Hisclothesaregood.但这些名词前若出现apairof,谓语一般用单数.如:
Apairofglassesisonthedesk.桌上有一副眼镜。
9.形复意单名词如:
news;以ics结尾的学科名称如:
physics,mathematics,economics;国名如:
theUnitedStates;报纸名如:
theNewTimes;书名如:
ArabianNight<天方夜谈>;以及TheUnitedNations<联合国>等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
10.“a+名词+andahalf“,“oneandahalf+名词”,“thenumberof+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词要用单数.如:
Onlyoneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.
注意:
oneortwo+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,如:
Oneortwoplaceshavebeenvisited.参观了一两个地点。
(二)内容一致原则:
1.主语中有all,half,most,therest等,以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:
Therestofthebikesareonsaletoday.剩下的自行车,今天出售。
60%oftheapplewaseatenbylittleboy.这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。
Mostoftheappleswererotten.大部分的苹果都是烂的。
Mostoftheapplewaseatenbyarat.这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。
2.不定数量的词组,如:
partof,alotof,lotsof,oneof,anumberof,plentyof等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:
Apartofthetextbookshavearrived.一小部分教科书已运到。
Apartoftheapplehasbeeneatenupbythepig.这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。
3.加减乘除用单数.如:
Fifteenminusfiveisten.15减去5等于10。
4.表示时间,金钱,距离,度量等的名词做主语时,尽管是复数形式,它们做为一个单一的概念时,其谓语动词用单数.如:
Tenmilesisagooddistance.十英里是一个相当的距离。
5.
(1)通常作复数的集体名词.包括police,people,cattle等,这些集体名词通常用作复数.如:
TheBritishpolicehaveonlyverylimitedpowers.
(2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词.包括equipment,furniture,clothing,luggage等.
(3)可作单数也可作复数的集体名词.包括audience,committee,government,family,enemy,group,party,team,public等.如:
Thecommitteehas/havedecidedtodismisshim.委员会决定解雇他。
6.the+形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物,作主语时,谓语动词用复数.如:
Theinjuredweresavedafterthefire.
(三)就近原则
1.由here,there,where等引导的倒装句中,(有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:
Herecomesthebus公共汽车来了.
Hereisapenandsomepiecesofpaperforyou.给你一支钢笔和几张纸。
Whereisyourwifeandchildrentostaywhileyouareaway?
你不在这儿的时候,你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢?
2.用连词or,either....or,neither….nor,notonly….butalso等连接的并列主语,谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。
如:
Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherknowsanythingaboutit学生和老师都不知道这事.
Heoryouhavetakenmypen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。
注意:
oneof+复数名词+who/that/which引导的定语从句中,定语从句的动词为复数。
如:
Maryisoneofthosepeoplewhokeeppets.玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。
Theonlyoneof+复数名词+who/that./which引导的定语从句中,定语从句的动词应为单数。
Maryistheonlyoneofthosepeoplewhokeepspets.玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人。
主谓一致练习
1.About60percentofthestudents_____fromthesouth,therestofthem_____fromthenorthandforeigncountries.
A.are/isB.are/are C.is/areD.are
2.Halfoftheworkershere_____under30_____.
A.is/yearsB.are/yearoldC.is/yearsoldD.are/yearsofage
3.NowTomwithhisclassmates_____footballontheplayground.
A.playB.areplaying C.playsD.isplaying
4.Thenumberofpagesinthisdictionary_____abouttwothousand.
A.areB.has C.haveD.is
5.Thirtydollars_____tooexpensive.
A.areB.isC.wereD.be
6.Theaudience_____solargethatnoseatwasleftunoccupiedinthegreathall.
A.isB.areC.wasD.has
7.Thesecretaryandprincipal_____atthemeetingnow.
A.arespeakingB.isspeakingC.weremakingaspeechD.haveaspeech
8."Ifanybody_____,pleaseputdown_____name,"saidtheteachertothemonitor.
A.wantstobuythebook/hisB.wanttobuythebook/their
C.willbuythebook/one'sD.wantstohavethebookbought/her
9.Nothingbutonedeskandsixchairs_____intheroom.
A.areB.isstayedC.isD.areleft
10.Havingarrivedatthestation,_____.
A.itwasfoundthatthetrainhadleft&nb,sp;B.th,etrai,nhadleft
C.thetrainwasfoundleftD.hefoundthatthetrainhadleft
11.Betweenthetworoads_____aTVtowercalled"SkyscraperTower".
A.standsB.standingC.whichstandsD.stand
12.Eitherofyou_____goingtheretonight.
A.willB.wasC.isD.are
13.Youaswell_____right.
A.IareB.IamC.asIamD.asIare
14.AllbutDick_____inClassThreethisterm.
A.areB.isC.wereD.was
15.--ShallIwaithereforthreehours?
--Yes.Threehours___,__t,,,,,owaitforsuchadoctor.
A.arenotverylongforyouB.isnotlongenoughfo,,,,,ryou
C.wasnotlongenoughforyouD.willbetoolongforyou
16.Wheretogetthematerialsandhowtogetthem_____atthemeeting.
A.havenotdiscussedB.havenotbeendiscussed
C.hasnotdiscussedD.hasnotbeendiscussed
17.ItookmathematicsandphysicsbecauseIthinkthat_____veryimportantformetomakefurtherresearchinthisfield.
A.whatisB.theyareC.thisD.whichare
18.Everystudentandeveryteacher_____.
A.aregoingtoattendthemeetingB.haveattendedthemeeting
C.hasattendedthemeetingD.isattendedthemeeting
19.Threefourthsofthebread_____byBob,andtherestofthebread_____leftonthetable.
A.waseaten/wereB.wereeaten/was C.wereeaten/wereD.waseaten/was
20.Thispairofshoes_____.
A.isherB.ishers C.arehersD.areher
21.There______nolifeonthemoon.
A.issaidtohaveB.aresaidtohaveC.issaidtobeD.aresaidtobe
22.Agroupof______areeating______and______atthefootofthehill
A.sheep;grass;leavesB.sheepsgrassesleaves
C.sheep;grassleafD.sheepsgrassleafs
23.Myfamilyraisealotof_______,includingtwo______.
A.cattlescowsB.cowscattleC.cattlecowsD.cow,cattles
24.Whathesaysandwhathedoes_______.
A.doesnotagreeB.donotagreeC.doesnotagreewithD.notagree
25.Theboyandthegirleach______toys.
A.havetheirownB.hastheirownC.haveherownD.hasherown
26.Sheistheonlyoneamongthe______writerswho______storiesforchildren.
A.woman,writesB.womenwriteC.womenwritesD.womanwrite
27.Therailwaystationis______fromourschool.
A.twohour`sdriveB.twohours`driveC.twohourdriveD.twohoursdrive
28.MikeandJohn`s______.
A.fatherisateacherB.fathersareteachers
C.fatherareteachersD.fathersareteacher
29.Agreatdealoftalkingandlisteningthat______undercasualcircumstancemayseemtobeaimless.
A.isoccurredB.areoccurredC.occursD.occur
30._______theclassroomneedstobecleaned.
A.EithertheofficesorB.TheofficesandC.BoththeofficeandD.Theofficeand
31.Three-fourthsofthehomework______today.
A.hasfinishedB.hasbeenfinishedC.havefinishedD.havebeenfinished
32.Morethan60percentoftheworld’sradioprogrammes______inEngland.
A.isB.wasC.areD.be
33.______workhasbeendonetoimprovethepeople`slivingstandard
A.AgreatdealofB.AgreatmanyC.AlargenumberofD.Many
34.Therestofthemagazines______withinhalfanhour.
A.issoldoutB.aresoldoutC.wassoldoutD.weresoldout
35.There______alotofsugarinthejar.
A.hasB.haveC.isD.are
36.“All______presentandall______goingonwell”,ourmonitorsaid.
A.isisB.are,areC.areisD.isare
37.YesterdaytheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor______askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.
A.isB.wasC.areD.were.
38.Maryaswellashersisters______ChineseinChina.
A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.study
39.Therich______notalwayshappy.
A.areB.isC.willD.may
40.______canbedone______done.
A.All,havebeenB.Allthat,havebeenC.AllhasD.Allthat,hasbeen
41.Eitheroftheplans______equallydangerous.
A.areB.isC.hasD.have
42.Thepolice______themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.
A.issearchingB.weresearchingfor
C.aresearchingD.wassearchingfor
43.Yourtrousers______dirty,youmusthave______washed.
A.isitB.areitC.arethemD.isthem
44.TheOlympicgames______heldeveryfour______.
A.isyearsB.areyearsC.isyearD.areyear
45.Heistheolyoneofthestudentswho______elected.
A.areB.haveC.hasD.is
46.______agoodenoughpriceforthisbook
A.TwoyuansareB.TwoyuanareC.TwoyuansisD.Twoyuanis
47.Nobirdandnobeast______inthelonelyisland
A.areseenB.isseenC.seeD.sees
48.Everymeans______preventthewaterfrom______
A.areusedtopollutingB.getusedtopolluting
C.isusedto,pollutedD.isusedto,beingpolluted
49.Eachofthe______intheship.
A.passengerhashisownroomB.passengershavetheirownroom
C.
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