初三英语被动语态最新.docx

初三英语被动语态最新.docx

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初三英语被动语态最新

主动语态与被动语态

动词的两种语态:

主、被动看--谓语动词和主语的关系

1.

主动语态:

主语是动作的.

eg:

Heoftentellsusinterestingstories.

执行者

2.被动语态:

主语是动作的（即行为动作的对象）.

eg:

weareoftentoldinterestingstories（byhim）.

承受者

Interestingstoriesareoftentoldtous（byhim）.

承受者

主被动之间的转换

不强调动作的执行者时可省略

WeVisitedthatfactorylastsummer®主动语态

主语谓语宾语状语

Thatfactorywasvisited（byus）lastsummer被动语态

主语谓语宾语状语

（宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟;谓语动词变被动,be后过分来使用）

1.概念：

动作与主语之间是关系的句子是被动语态.

2.构成:

be动词+及物动词的过去分词语eg:

Peopleuse（及物）theinternetallovertheworld.

Theinternetisusedallovertheworld（bypeople）.

3.各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比

时态

主动语态

被动语态

一般现在时

V原/第三人称单数

DotheyspeakFrench?

Theydon’tusetheroom.

IsFrenchspokenbythem?

Theroomisn’tusedbythem.

现在进行时

am/is/are+doing

Theseworkersarebuildinganewbridge.

Heismendinghiscar.

Anewbridgeisbeingbuiltbytheseworkers.

Hiscarisbeingmendedbyhim.

一般过去时

动词过去式（did）

Thehunterkilledatiger.

Hewrotemanystorieslastyear.

Atigerwaskilledbythehunter.

Manystorieswerewrittenbyhimlastyear.

过去进行时

was/were+doing

Hewassellingbooks.

Theywerediscussingtheplanatthattime.

Bookswerebeingsoldbyhim

Theplanwasbeingdiscussedbythematthattime.

一般将来时

shall/will/begoingto+V原

Ishallmakeaplan.

Theyaregoingtofixtheradioinanhour.

Aplanshallbemadebyme.

Theradioisgoingtobefixedbytheminanhour.

过去将来

should/would/was（were）+

goingto+V原

Hetoldmetheywouldpainttheroom.

Theyweregoingtoputonaplaythenextweek.

Hetoldmetheroomwouldbepaintedbythem.

Aplaywasgoingtobeputonbythemthenext

week.

现在完成时

have/has+过去分词（done）

ShehaslearnedmanyEnglishwords.

Hehasfinishedthework.

ManyEnglishwordshavebeenlearnedbyher.

Theworkhasbeenfinishedbyhim.

过去完成时

Had+过去分词（done）

Theyhadsolvedtheproblem.

Wehadtoldhimthenewsbythen.

Theproblemhadbeensolvedbythem.

Thenewshadbeentoldtohimbyusbythen.

情态动词

can/could,may/might,

should,must+V原

Weshouldhandinourhomework.

YoumustanswerthequestioninEnglish.

Ourhomeworkshouldbehandedinbyus.

ThequestionmustbeansweredinEnglishbyyou.

动词不定式

to+V原

真题演练

1.AtalkonChinesehistoryintheschoolhallnextweek.

A.begivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.willgive

2.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbishintotheriver.

A.needn’tbethrownB.mustn’tbethrownC.can’tthrowD.maynotthrow

3.Youmaygofishingifyourwork.

A.isdoneB.willbedoneC.hasdoneD.havedone

4.Thetreesmustthreetimesaweek.

A.waterB.iswateringC.bewateredD.waters

5.—Iwon’tcometothepartyunlessSue,too.

—YoumeanifSuecomes,you’llcome?

A.willinviteB.invitesC.invitedD.isinvited

6.Mr.Chenhasalondvoice.Hisvoicecanclearlyeveninthatbigclassroom.

A.hearB.beheardC.behearingD.haveheard

7.Youtothemeeting,whydidn’tyougo?

A.beinvitedB.willbeinvitedC.wereinvitedD.areinvited

8.Alotoftreesalongtheriverlastyear.

A.plantedB.areplantedC.wereplanted

9.Inordertomakeourcitymorebeautiful,moretreesandflowerseveryyear.

A.willplantB.shouldplantC.shouldbeplanted

10.IheardthatLine1NingboSubwaylastmonth.

A.wastestedB.istestedC.testsD.tested

11.WhenTimwhyhewaslateforschool,hejustkeptsilent.

A.wasaskedB.askedC.wasaskingD.isasked

12.Lookatournewschool.Itlastyear.

A.builtB.wasbuiltC.isbuiltD.willbebuilt

13.DoyouknowwhenthefirsttraininChina?

A.wasproducedB.isproducedC.produced

14.—Haveyouheardaboutthatcaraccidentneartheschool?

—Yes,luckilynoone.

A.hurtB.washurtC.hashurtD.werehurt

15.—Tom!

Ilookedforyoueverywhereatthepartylastnight.

—Oh,Itotheparty.

A.aminvitedB.wasinvitedC.amnotinvitedD.wasn’tinvited

16.LastMarch,manytreesalongthestreetstomakeourcitymorebeautiful.

A.wereplantedB.wereplantingC.hadplantedD.planted

17.Foodsafetyisveryimportant.

MorerulesshouldinChina.

A.makeB.ismakingC.bemade

18.Teenagersallowedtodrive.

A.shouldnotbeB.shouldbenotC.notshouldbe

19.—It’sdifficulttogettotheothersideoftheriver.

—Ithinkabridgeovertheriver.

A.shouldbebuiltB.shouldbuildC.willbuildD.hasbuilt

一.被动语态的注意事项：

1.使役动词和一些感官动词在主动语态中常与省略to的不定式（宾语补足语）连用，

变被动to还原.（V使:

make,have,let；V感:

watch,see,hear,notice）

eg:

Hemadeuslaugh.

Weweremadetolaughbyhim.

eg:

Someoneheardhimsinginthenextroomlastnight.

Hewasheardtosinginthenextroomlastnight.

2.双宾语（直宾和间宾）谓动变被动eg:

Hegaveustwoapples.

1）间宾变主语，直宾后面跟。

Weweregiventwoapples.

2）直宾变主语，间宾前须to或for。

Twoapplesweregiventous.

eg:

Myparentsboughtmeanewbike.Anewbikewasboughtformebymyparents.

3.复合宾语（宾语和宾语补足语）,只把宾变主，宾补原处成主补。

eg:

Theyaskedmetoleave.Iwasaskedtoleave.

Hepaintedthedoorgreenyesterday.Thedoorwaspaintedgreenyesterday.

4.相当于及物动词的“动词+介词”或“动词+副词”短语，被动语态中介词/副词不能掉。

eg:

Weshouldtakegoodcareoftheolds.Theoldsshouldbetakengoodcareof（介词）.

Shekooksafterhermotherpatiently.Hermotherislookedafter（副词）patientlybyher.

5.Itissaidthat…据说Itisreportedthat…据报道Itisbelievedthat…大家相信

Itishopedthat…大家希望Itiswellknownthat…众所周知Itisthoughtthat…大家认为

Itissuggestedthat…据建议　Itistakenforgrantedthat...被视为当然

Itmustberememberedthat...务必记住Itmustn’tbeforgottenthat......千万别忘记

eg:

Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.

Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.

二.主动表被动

1.need,want,require,bear+V-ing（主动表被动）＝不定式被动语态

eg:

Thehouseneedsrepairing.（needstoberepaired）

Yourhairneedscutting.（needstobecut）

2.形（adj.）+不定式（与主语存在动宾关系）主动表被动

eg:

Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.

3.感官/连系动词+形（adj.）构成:

系+表结构主动表被动

（look,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become）

eg:

Silkfeelssoft./Yourreasonsoundsreasonable./Thecoffeesmellsdelicious./Itlooksnice.

三.无被动情况

1.宾语是反身代词HeteacheshimselfEnglish.

2.Therebe句型

3.不及物动词（无被动语态）（Appear,disappear,happen,takeplace,die,rise）

Hedied（不及物）tenyearsago./Whathappened（不及物）toyou.（无被动）

（1）Thedolphinwasdisappearedinthedeepsea.（）

Thedolphindisappearedinthedeepsea.（）

（2）GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChina.（）

GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.（）

4.不及物+状语（被用作不及物动词来描述主语的自然属性（特征、品质和状态…）

eg:

Thisknifecutswell.

5.“be+过去分词”的系表结构（过去分词来充当表语）,并非被动语态.

eg:

Thedoorisclosed.（系表结构）改写:

Thedoorisclosedbymary.（被动）

Theglassisbroken.（系表结构）改写:

TheglassisbrokenbyJohn.（被动）

什么时候用被动语态:

1.不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者是谁

eg:

Wehaven’tbeentoldaboutit./Suchbooksarewrittenforchildren.

2.强调动作的承受着，而不是动作的执行者

eg:

Man-madesatelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.

ThebookwaswrittenbyMoYan.

3.出于礼貌不愿提及动作的执行这是谁

eg:

HewasaskedtogiveatalkabouthowtolearnEnglishwell.

IwonderifIwasallowedtointroducemyself.

4.由于某种原因不愿或回避谈论动作的执行者

eg:

Rubbishshouldn’tbethrowneverywhere.

（谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没必要;动作承受者需强调,被动语态运用到）

特殊题型专练

1.TheriverssmellsterriblePeoplemustdirtythingsintoit.

A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowing

C.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing

3.—Doyouliketheflower?

—Yes,itsweet.

A.issmellingB.smeltC.issmeltD.smells

4.Itsnowedheavilylastnight.Thegroundthicksnow.

A.wascoveredwithB.wasfilledwithC.wasmadeofD.coveredwith

5.Ilikemynewbike.Itverywell.

A.ridesB.isridingC.isriddenD.hasridden

6.—It’stimetodoyourhomework,Jack.

—Yes,Mum.I’llturnofftheTVassoonastheprogramme.

A.endsB.endC.willbeendedD.willend

7.HewantstohavehisTV.

A.repairingB.repairedC.torepair

8.ThenewtreatmentsbyNormanBethunehelpedanumberofsolders.

A.inventB.inventsC.inventingD.invented

9.Greatchangesinourcityinthepastfiveyears.

A.havehappenedB.havetakenplaceC.havebeenhappenedD.havebeentakenplace

10.--Whodrawsthisbeautifulpicture?

--ItwasdrawnbyanEnglishmanJohnSmith.

A.wasnamedB.namedC.tonameD.isnamed

11.--DoyouknowEarthDay?

--Sure.Itin1970totellustoprotectourplanet.

A.setsupB.setupC.issetupD.wassetup

12.Heoftendrinkstwocupsofwaterhecomesback.

A.boilingB.boilC.boiledD.boils

13.Helosthiskey.Itmadehiminthecoldtowaitforhiswife’sreturn.

A.tostayB.stayedC.staysD.stay

14.Ifyouseethecartoonfilm,youwilllaugh.

A.bemadeB.bemadetoC.maketoD.make

15.Anewclubinourschoolatthebeginningofthisyearandnowithasmanymembers.

A.startsB.isstartedC.hasstartedD.wasstarted

16.Flowersandtreesalongtheroadlastyear,andwecanenjoyfreshairnow.

A.plantB.plantedC.areplantedD.wereplanted

17.Isreportedthattheweatherwillbefinetomorrow.

A.ItB.SheC.WhatD.That

18.toknowProfessorZhang.Youmayaskhimhimself.

A.HesaidB.IsaidC.HeissaidD.Itsays

18.LightbulbwasbyThomasEdisonmanyyearsago.

A.producedB.inventedC.foundD.discovered

19.Whenthisbook?

A.is,comeoutB.did,comeoutC.was,comeout

20.Heisseenintothebuilding,hemustbeinsomeroom.

A.doesn’tcomeB.tocomeC.nottogo

21.Thethiefwasnoticedthebuildingbythebackdooronthescreen.

A.enterB.enterintoC.toenter

22.Tom,yourhairistoolong.Wouldyoupleasegetyourhair?

A.cutB.tocutC.cuttingD.tocutting

被动语态专项练习

一、选择题（1×15=15分）

（）1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?

A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Didbuild

（）2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.

A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappened