版高考人教英语一轮基础达标练必修3U4含答案.docx
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版高考人教英语一轮基础达标练必修3U4含答案.docx
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版高考人教英语一轮基础达标练必修3U4含答案
2019版高考(人教)英语一轮基础达标练:
必修3U4含答案
**阅读理解。
Pollution’sgreateffectsontheenvironmenthavebecomemoreobviousinrecentyears,leadingtoamovementtopromoteenergyefficiency(效率),lessrelianceonfossil(化石)fuels,andareductioninairandwaterpollution.Mostscientistsagreethatsuchchangesarenecessarytoprotectourenvironmentfromfurtherharm.
Theconstructionindustryconsumesalargequantityofenergyandresourcesandcreatesahugeamountofpollution.IntheUnitedStates,buildinganddevelopmentaccountfor39%ofthecountry’stotalenergyuse,12%oftotalwaterconsumption,68%oftotalelectricityconsumptionand38%ofcarbondioxideemissions(二氧化碳排放),accordingtotheEnvironmentProtectionAgency.
Greenbuildingsuselessenergy,water,createlesswaste,andarehealthiertolive,work,andgotoschoolinthanstandardbuildings.Buildersofgreenbuildingsusetechniquesthatuseresourcesmoreefficientlyduringtheentirebuildingcycle—construction,restoration,operation,maintenance(维护)anddemolition(拆毁)—thanthosewhoconstructmoreregularbuildings.
Theenvironmentalbenefitsofbuildinggreenincludetheprotectionofecosystems(生态系统)andbiodiversity,improvedairandwaterquality,lesswasteflowingintostreams,andtheprotectionofnaturalresources.Greenbuildingscanalsoresultinloweroperatingcostsbecausetheytypicallyuselessenergyandfewermaterialsandimproveindoorairquality,improvingthehealthofpeoplewholiveinsuchbuildings.
Theprocessofbuildinggreenincludestechnicalandartisticplanningwithnatureprotectioninmind.Buildingdesignsoftenreflectthesurroundingenvironmentandnaturalresourcesanduserenewablebuildingmaterialssuchasbambooandstraw.Inaddition,recycledresourcesfoundlocallyareusedforgreenbuildings,reducingthecostandairpollutionassociatedwithtransportingmaterialsoverlongdistances.
Carefulsiteselectionisimportanttominimize(最小化)humanimpactonthesurroundingenvironment.Forexample,placingastructureinanareathatallowsittotakeadvantageofcoolbreezes(微风)andsunlightcanreduceenergyuseandexpenses.Moreenergyandexpenseareneededforlargerbuildingsaswell,soitisimportanttobuildsmall.
Greenroofsareanotherfeatureofgreenhousesthatreduceenergyuseandcost.Theseroofsarepartlyorcompletelycoveredwithplants,whichhelpstokeepheatingandcoolingcosts,preventwaterrunningoffanddealwithpollutants.
Otherfeaturesofgreenbuildingsoftenincludeenergyandwaterconservation,recycling,andwastereduction.Inaddition,renewableenergysourcessuchassolarpower,hydropower(水能)andwindpowerareusedforheatandelectricity,whichgreatlyreducescostsanddecreasestheimpactontheenvironment.
1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A.Thenecessityofpromotingenergyefficiency.
B.Theprocessofbuildinggreenbuildings.
C.Thebenefitsandfeaturesofgreenbuildings.
D.Greenbuildingseffectsontheenvironment.
2.Accordingtothetext,greenbuildingsrefertothebuildingsthat______.
A.producenowaste
B.onlyusecleanenergy
C.aremadeofrecycledmaterials
D.useenergyandresourcesmoreefficiently
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutgreenbuildings?
A.Theyrelyonfossilfuelsandsolarpowerforheatandelectricity.
B.Smallbuildingsarelessefficientinenergyusethanlargerones.
C.Theecosystemhastobeconsideredwhenbuildingagreenbuilding.
D.Theyaredifficulttomaintainandthusneedmoreoperatingcosts.
4.Whyaregreenroofsused?
A.Theyfitthesurroundingenvironmentwell
B.Theyarecheaperthanotherkindsofroofs
C.Theycankeepnaturalwaterforuseineverydaylife
D.Theycanhelptocontrolthetemperatureinthebuildingwell
【文章大意】在本文中作者主要分析了greenbuilding的诸多好处和对环境的巨大的保护作用,呼吁人们多建设这样的绿色的建筑。
1.C【解析】主旨大意题。
本文第三段中Greenbuildingsuselessenergy,water,createlesswaste,andarehealthiertolive,work,orgotoschoolinthanstandardbuildings.Greenbuildingsuseresourcesmoreproperlyduringtheentirebuildingcyclethantraditionalbuilding.和倒数第二段第一句Greenroofsareanotherfeatureofgreenhousesthatreduceenergyuseandcost.倒数第一段第一句Otherfeaturesofgreenbuildingsoftenincludeenergyandwaterconservation,recycling,andwastereduction.可知本文主要讲述的是Greenbuildings的很多的好处和特征。
故C正确。
3.C【解析】推理判断题。
根据第四段第一句Theenvironmentalbenefitsofbuildinggreenincludetheprotectionofecosystems(生态系统)andbiodiversity,improvedairandwaterquality,lesswasteflowingintostreams,andtheprotectionofnaturalresources.由此可知,建造绿色建筑时必须考虑生态系统。
故选C。
4.D【解析】细节理解题。
根据倒数第二段Theseroofsarepartlyorcompletelycoveredwithplants,whichhelpstokeepheatingandcoolingcosts,preventwaterrunningoffanddealwithpollutants.可知,他们可以帮助控制大楼里的温度。
故选D。
**单句语法填空
1.(2017·北京高考)Everyyear,________makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.
答案:
whoever whoever“无论谁”,表泛指,在句中作主语,相当于anyonewho。
2.Myrelationshipwiththeactorsisfundamental________myworkasadirector.
答案:
to befundamentalto...“……是……的基础”。
3.Icansaythatitisthe________(violence)filmthatIhaveeverseen.
答案:
mostviolent 由“thatIhaveeverseen”可知,此处应用形容词最高级。
4.Hislastpaintingsareperhapsthemost________(puzzle),whicheventheartistscan'tmakesenseof.
答案:
puzzling 此处形容词puzzling“令人困惑的”作表语,描述主语paintings的本质特征。
5.________existsagoodwaytosolvetheproblemingeography.
答案:
There Thereexists...“存在……;有……”。
6.Assecondhandsmokingis________(harm)anddangerous,peoplewantatotalbanagainstsmokinginpublic.
答案:
harmful 此处形容词harmful“有害的”作表语。
7.Sheboughtaheavycurtain________(block)outthelight.
答案:
toblock 此处动词不定式短语toblockout作目的状语。
8.Thoughinjuredseriously,hetriedtocheer________,hopingtomakehisparentslessworried.
答案:
up cheerup“(使)感到高兴,(使)振作起来”。
9.Measureshavebeentakentopreventtheriverfrom________(pollute).
答案:
beingpolluted preventsb./sth.fromdoingsth.“阻止某人/某物做某事”,且本句中pollute和river存在逻辑上的被动关系,故填动名词的被动结构。
10.________(like)whatyousupposed,onlyafewpeopleattendedtheparty,whichwasdisappointing.
答案:
Unlike 根据语意可知,“并不像”你所猜测的那样,故填Unlike,引导名词性从句。
**完形填空。
(2018·河北衡水中学高三下学期模拟考试)
Itimpressedmealot.Ineverthoughtthatlittlehelpwill__1__outtobethemostsatisfyingthingIhaveeverdone.Hewastired,and__2__toclimbfurther.Withabroad__3__,heaskedifIcouldhelphimwithsomemoney.Hewasparalyzed(瘫痪)inbothlegsandwas__4__fundsforsomeoperation.Hesaidthatifoperatedsuccessfully,hecould__5__atrainingguaranteeinghimajob.Iwasfullof__6__andevenaskedhimtoshowhislegs.Igavehimthe__7__money.Afterafewdays,heagaincameatmydoorstepaskingformoremoneyforaccommodation.ThistimeIwasmoreorless__8__hewasnotcheatingme.Igavehimsomeandsaid,“ThisisallIhave.”
AyearwentbyandIhadmovedtoa(n)__9__place.OnefinedayIgotacallfromanunknownnumber.CallercalledouthisnamebutIdidn't__10__him.ThenhesaidhewastheveryparalyzedpersonIhelpedayearago.
Iaskedhimhowhewasdoing.Hesaid,“Whatsir,yourecognizemenotbymynamebutbymy__11__state.”
“WithyourkindhelpIamnowableto__12__onmylegswithoutsupport.Iwasoperated__13__.Iammarriedtoabeautifulladyandhaveastable__14__.”
Idon't__15__rememberifIgavehimmyphonenumber.__16__,whathesaidnextwastouching.HesaidhewantedtoreturnmymoneysothatIdidn'tfeelcheatedandwouldcontinuetohelppeople__17__inthefuture.Idon'tknowwhetherhereadmyfacialexpressionthedayIhelpedhimbuttearswere__18__downmyface.ThatdayIpromisedhimIwouldcontinuetohelppeopleasIsawa(n)__19__—smallorbig.__20__alifechangedeventofmylife.
1.A.sendB.break
C.bringD.turn
2.A.strugglingB.substituting
C.playingD.walking
3.A.lookB.smile
C.viewD.whisper
4.A.findingB.raising
C.seekingD.earning
5.A.pretendB.intend
C.attendD.tend
6.A.interestsB.minds
C.worriesD.doubts
7.A.remainingB.left
C.hidingD.forgotten
8.A.informedB.prepared
C.convincedD.outspoken
9.A.newB.old
C.systematicD.bad
10.A.remindB.recognize
C.replaceD.repeat
11.A.excitedB.messed
C.disabledD.stressed
12.A.liveB.base
C.focusD.stand
13.A.successfullyB.surprisingly
C.hopefullyD.naturally
14.A.reasonB.promise
C.characterD.job
15.A.alsoB.even
C.alreadyD.only
16.A.ThereforeB.Otherwise
C.HoweverD.Meanwhile
17.A.inneedB.inplace
C.infavorD.inadvance
18.A.bringingB.putting
C.runningD.pulling
19.A.behaviorB.case
C.accidentD.opportunity
20.A.StrangelyB.Truly
C.GenerallyD.Originally
【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。
作者一次无意间的帮助改变了一位瘫痪者的一生。
这件事也改变了作者的人生,让他决定继续帮助那些有困难的人。
1.D 考查动词短语辨析。
此处指作者从未想过一个小小的帮助最后竟成为他曾做过的最令自己满意的一件事。
四个选项都能与out组成固定短语。
turnout意为“结果是,最后成为”,符合语境。
sendout意为“发出”;breakout意为“爆发”;bringout意为“生产,出版”,均与语境不符。
故答案选D。
2.A 考查动词辨析。
根据下文中的“paralyzed(瘫痪)”可知,他瘫痪了,所以此处应指他努力往前爬。
A项意为“努力,挣扎”,符合语境。
B项意为“替换”;C项意为“玩”;D项意为“走”,均与语境不符。
故答案选A。
3.B 考查名词辨析。
根据前面的“broad”可知,此处应指他咧嘴微笑着。
B项意为“微笑”,符合语境。
A项意为“表情”;C项意为“观点”;D项意为“耳语”,均与语境不符。
故答案选B。
4.B 考查动词辨析。
根据上句中的“helphimwithsomemoney”可知,此处应指他在筹集手术资金。
B项意为“筹集”,符合语境。
A项意为“找到”;C项意为“寻找”;D项意为“挣得”,均与语境不符。
故答案选B。
5.C 考查动词辨析。
根据语境可知,此处应指如果手术成功了,他就能参加能让他得到一份工作的培训。
C项意为“参加”,符合语境。
A项意为“假装”;B项意为“打算”;D项意为“往往会”,均与语境不符。
故答案选C。
6.D 考查名词辨析。
根据本句中的“evenaskedhimtoshowhislegs”可知,作者要求看看他的腿,所以对他所说的话应该是充满了怀疑。
D项意为“怀疑”,符合语境。
A项意为“兴趣”;B项意为“思想”;C项意为“担心”,均与语境不符。
故答案选D。
7.A 考查形容词辨析。
此处指作者把手上剩余的钱都给了他。
A项意为“剩余的”,符合语境。
B项意为“剩下的”,不作前置定语;C项意为“隐藏的”;D项意为“被遗忘的”,均与语境不符。
故答案选A。
8.C 考查形容词辨析。
根据本句中的“hewasnotcheatingme”和下句中的“gavehimsome”可知,作者给了他一些钱,有几分确信他并没有骗自己。
C项意为“确信的,信服的”,符合语境。
A项意为“见多识广的”;B项意为“准备好的”;D项意为“坦率的,直言不讳的”,均与语境不符。
故答案选C。
9.A 考查形容词辨析。
根据上文的“movedto”及下文作者接到一个陌生电话可知,作者搬到了一个新地方。
A项意为“新的”,符合语境。
B项意为“旧的”;C项意为“系统化的”;D项意为“坏的”,均与语境不符。
故答案选A。
10.B 考查动词辨析。
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