nonverbal communication补充资料.docx
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nonverbal communication补充资料.docx
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nonverbalcommunication补充资料
Silence:
Anonverbalcommunicationtool
∙PostedbyPamelaGonzalezLopezonApril25,2010at10:
00pm
∙ViewPamelaGonzalezLopez'sblog
Silenceisanonverbalcommunicationtoolthatcansaymorethana
hundredwords.Itconveysdifferentmeaningsindifferentcontextsand
dependingonthesituationitleadstopositiveornegativeoutcomes.In
oursociety,silencemostlycarriesanegativeconnotation.Peoplewho
remainsilenceareseenasawkwardandnon-collaborative.However,
thereareotherinstanceswheresilencecanbepositive,whichisin
situationswhereitisusedtoshowrespectandattentivenesstoothers.
Inaclassroomsetting,studentsmightusesilencewhentheyare
experiencingvariousemotionssuchasfear,uncertainness,insecurity,
shameorlackofknowledge.Forexample,duringdiscussioninsomeof
myclassesIremainsilence.Though,manytimesisnotbecauseIdonot
knowwhattheyaretalkingaboutorthatIdonothaveanopinionbut
sometimesishardtoexplainmyselfinEnglishbecausemyfirstandmost
uselanguageisSpanish.ByremainingsilenceIsometimesfeellikenot
belongingtothegroup.However,someteachersmightperceivesilence
fromstudentsasnotbeinginterested,attentive,orpreparedfortheir
class.Mostofthetimesilenceisnotbrokenuntilateacherasksa
directquestiontoastudent,whichmanytimescouldmotivesastudent
tospeakup.
InmyrelationshipwithfriendsIhadexperiencedsilenceinvariousways.
Iusuallyremainsilencewhenexperiencing
angertowardsafriendasawaytolethim/herknowsomethingisnot
right.Also,IremainsilencewhenIamangry,nothurtanybody.
Sometimesisbettertobesilencethattosaysomethinghurtfulor
somethingIwilllaterregret.However,intherelationshipwithmy
boyfriendthistacticdoesnotapply.Bybeingsilencedwhenfacinga
conflicthastakennegativeresolutions,hasbeenseenasawaytoavoid
conflictandnotcaringenoughfortherelationship.
InmyfamilyrelationshipIusesilencetoshowrespect.Forexample,I
usuallyremainsilencewhenmymothercallsmyattentionwhendoing
somethingwrong;itisawaytoacceptmyfault.Also,Iremindsilence
asawayofactivelisteningwhenafamilymemberistellingastoryor
tellingmesomethingofimportancetothem.Thiscandemonstratetothe
otherpartythatIcareenoughaboutwhattheyaresaying.
Aboutspace
Oneareaofnon-verbalcommunicationthatoftengetsoverlookedinfictionistheuseofspace,anareaofstudyreferredtoasproxemics.Therearesomepeoplewhoseemtotakeupmorespace,andithasnothingtodowiththeirphysicalsize.Thesearepeoplewhowalkintoaroomandseemtoownit.Theystandwiththeirshoulderssquared,theirheadsup,theirhandsontheirhipsandtheirelbowsout,andwiththeirfeetatleastatshoulder-widthapart.They'retakingupthemaximumamountofspace,andpeopleunconsciouslyrespondtothat,givingthepersonevenmorespace.Thiscanindicateakindofhostility--likethestrangerwhowalksintoabarandsilentlychallengeseverymaninthebartotakehimoniftheydare--inwhichcasetheotherswillgivehimplentyofspaceandprobablyavoiddirecteyecontactoranyothergesturethatmightchallengehim.Oritcanindicatepowerandcharisma--youcanpracticallyseethatinvisiblesuperherocapeflappingbehindhim--sothattheotherswillgivehimspacebutwillfacehimlikehe'saperformeronstageandthey'retheaudience.
Ontheoppositeendofthespectrumarethepeoplewhoshrinkintothemselvesasawayoftakingupaslittlespaceaspossible.Theyhunchtheirshoulders,narrowingtheirbodies.Theykeeptheirarmsclosetotheirsidesorclutchthemagainsttheirchests.Theykeeptheirheadsdownandprobablystayagainstthewallorinthecorner.Otherpeoplemayentirelydisregardtheirpersonalspace,invadingitwhileignoringthem,likestandingveryclosebutwiththeirbacksturnedastheytalktosomeoneelsewithoutbeingawarethatthere'ssomeonewithininchesoftheirshoulder.
Speakingofpersonalspace,therearealotofmessagesinvolvedinhowmuchpersonalspacethereis.It'saculturalthing,tosomeextent.Americanstendtomaintainalargerpersonalspacebubblethanothercultures,whileLatinculturesandalotofAsianculturesaremorecomfortablewithcloserphysicalproximity.Ifyou'rewritingaboutaninteractionbetweentwocultures,thiscanbeasourceofdiscomfortorconflict,ifonecharacterunknowinglyinvadesthepersonalspaceofanotherorifonecharacterunknowinglyinsultsanotherbybackingaway.Thereare,ofcourse,individualvariations--somepeopleneedorexpectmorespacethanothers--andtheamountofspaceneededorexpectedwilldependonthecircumstances.Yourpersonalbubblewillgenerallyshrinkwhenyou'reinacrowdedenvironment,orelseyou'dgonutshavingitconstantlyinvadedbystrangers.Somepeoplecan'tshrinktheirbubbles,sotheyavoidcrowdsforthisreason.
Personalspacealsovariesaccordingtorelationship.Themoreintimatetherelationship,thesmallertheamountofpersonalspace.Thebubbleiswidestwithstrangersandmayshrinktoalmostnothingbetweenlovers,eveninpublic.Theymaystandwiththeirbodiestouchingandcombinetheirpersonalspacebubblesintoonebubblethatcreatesspacearoundthecouple.Twopeoplewhoareclosebutwhoavoidtouchingmaybeloverswhoaretemporarilyangryateachother,orpossiblypeoplewhodesireeachotherbutwhocan'tactonthatdesireordon'twanttoshowthatdesireandfearthattheslightesttouchmaybemorethantheycantolerate.Youcanhaveaviewpointcharactertakestockoftherelationshipsamongpeopleintheroombyobservinghowclosetoeachothertheyarephysically.Oryoucouldshowthecomfortlevelbetweencharactersbyhavingthemmovecloserastheirrelationshipprogressesormovefartherapartastheylosecomfortwitheachother.
You'llgetconflictordiscomfortwhentwopeoplehavedifferentideasofappropriatepersonalspace--someonewithanunrequitedcrushormaybeadifferentideaofwheretherelationshipiswillprobablyviolatethepersonalspaceoftheotherperson.Thatpersonmaybackaway,sendingamessageofwherehestandswiththerelationship.Smallchildrentendtohaveverylittlesenseofpersonalspaceandmaygetcloseandclingyevenwithsomeonesendingoffveryclear"keepout"signals.Therearealsosomepowersignalsatworkinwhoisallowedtoviolatewhosespace.Someonewithgreaterpowermayhaveabroaderpersonalspacethatsubordinatesaren'tallowedtoviolate,butthehigher-powerpersonmaytreatsubordinatesasthoughtheyhavesmallerpersonalspaceboundariesandmaygetclosertotheminsomecircumstances.Ifyouapproachyourboss,youprobablywouldn'tfeelcomfortable(dependingonyourrelationshipwithyourboss)standingreallyclose,touchinghimorputtingyourarmaroundhim,butthebossmayapproachyouandmakephysicalcontact--ahandonyourarmoronyourshoulder.
IknowIsaiddon'tusethisinreallife,butreallifeisagoodwaytoobservehowthisworks(justdon'tmakealotofjudgmentsaboutwhatyouseeoractonthebasisofmyverybroadandvagueanalysis).ThisisoneareawherewatchingTVormovieswon'tgiveyousomethingyoucanuseinnarrativebecauseshotsareframedforaspecificeffectandthepersonalspacemaynotberealistic(theyhavetogetbothcharactersinthesameshot,regardlessofhowclosetheyareemotionally,etc.).Watchpeopleandseehowclosetheystandtoeachotherindifferentsituationsandindifferentrelationships.Youcaneventestwherepeople'spersonalspaceboundariesarebystandingreallycloseandseeinghowfartheybackawayuntiltheyseemcomfortableagain.Theyprobablywon'tleapaway,butthey'llgraduallyshifttheirweightinawaythatmovestheirfeetbackwards.
aboutappearances
Aboutnonverbalcommunication(tapescriptofthemp3)
Callum:
Hello,todayinTalkaboutEnglishwehavethefifthprogrammeinourseriesoncultureandcommunication.TodayMarcBeebylooksatthetopicofnon-verbalcommunication–communicationwithoutlanguage.Peoplefromdifferentculturesspeakdifferentlanguagesbutalsousenon-verbalcommunicationindifferentways.Here’sMarc.
Marc:
Humanbeingshaveatendency(趋势,倾向)toreactpositivelytosamenessandnegativelytodifference.Soifpeopleusenon-verbalcommunicationinwayswerecognisewetendtothinkofthemaspeoplewecangetonwith.Whenpeopleusenon-verbalcommunicationinawaythatisdifferentfromwhatwe’reusedto,therecanbeproblems.Andnon-verbalcommunicationcanvaryenormouslyfromculturetoculture.Butwhatis‘non-verbalcommunication’?
Well,Isupposethefirstthingmostofuswouldthinkofwhenwehearthatphraseishowwecommunicateusingourbodies-ourbodylanguage-thewayweuseourhands,ourfaces,oureyes.Here’sRebeccaFongagainwithcommentsfromDionneCharmainefromJamaica,Kyung-jaYoofromJapan,andEilidhHamilton,whospentseveralyearsinSyria.
RebeccaFong
Thedegreetowhichweuseourbodiestoaccompanyourverbalmessagesvariesalotfromculturetoculturesothatsomecultures,AfricanAmericansforexampleorMediterraneancultureswillthrowtheirarmsaroundandmovearoundalotwhenthey'respeaking.
DionneCharmaine
Jamaicansdothatalottheyhavealotofgestures-lotofhandmovements.Thehandmovementsindicatethatyou'vekindoflostcontrolintermsofwhatyou'reputtingacross
you'rejustsoemotionallycaughtuporsoangryorwhatever.Andagainifsomeone'sangry
you'llgettheh
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