FIDIC招标程序推荐文档.docx
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FIDIC招标程序推荐文档.docx
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FIDIC招标程序推荐文档
FIDICTenderingProcedure
TheInternationalFederationofconsultingengineers(FIDIC)publishedthefirsteditionofTenderingProcedurein1982.ThefirsteditionprimarilyaddressedprocedurewhichFIDICrecommendedfortheselectionoftendersandthepreparationandevaluationoftendersforcivilengineeringcontracts.Thedocumentreflectedtheprovisionsofthethencurrent(thirdedition)oftheFIDICconditionsofcontract(international)forworksofcivilengineeringconstruction.
Thisdocumentpresentsasystematicapproachfortenderingandawardingofcontractsforinternationalconstructionprojects.Itisintendedtoassisttheemployer/engineertoreceivesoundcompetitivetendersinaccordancewiththetenderdocumentssothattheycanbequicklyandefficientlyassessed.Atthesametime,anefforthasbeenmadetoprovidetheopportunityandincentivetocontractorstorespondeasilytoinvitationstotenderforprojectswhichtheyarequalifiedtoimplement.Itishopedthattheadoptionofthisprocedurewillminimizetenderingcostsandensurethatalltendersreceiveafairandequalopportunitytosubmittheiroffersonaresponsibleandcomparablebasis.
Prequalificationoftenders
Prequalificationdocumentsshouldgiveinformationabouttheproject,thetenderingprocedureandthePrequalificationprocedure.Theyshouldalsospecifywhatdataisrequiredfromcontractorswishingtoprequalify.Thedocumentsarepreparedbytheemployer/engineerandwillnormallyincludethefollowing:
letterofinvitationtoprequalify;informationabouttheprequalificationprocedure;projectinformation;prequalificationapplication.
Theemployer/engineershouldpublishanoticeinvitinginterestedcontractorstoapplyforPrequalificationdocuments,statingthattenderdocumentwillbeissuedonlytoalimitednumberofcompanies/jointventuresselectedbytheemployer/engineerashavingthenecessaryqualificationstoperformtheworksatisfactorily.
Thenoticeshouldbepublishedinappropriatenewspapersandjournalstogivesufficientpublicityaccordingtotheparticularcircumstancesoftheproject.Thenoticemayalsobeissuedtofinancinginstitutionrepresentatives,ifrelevant,andtogovernmentagenciesresponsibleforforeigntradesothattheinternationalcommunityreceivestimelynotificationofproposedprojectandinstructionsonhowtoapply.
Thenoticeshouldbereasonablybriefandwherefeasiblecontain
(1)Nameoftheemployer;
(2)Locationoftheproject;(4)Descriptionoftheprojectandscopeofwork;(5)sourceoffinance;(6)Anticipatedprogram(i.e.awardofcontract,completionandanyotherkeydates);(7)planneddatesforissueoftenderdocumentsandsubmissionoftenders;(8)instructionsforapplyingforprequalificationdocuments;(9)datebywhichapplicationstoprequalifymustbesubmitted;(10)minimumqualificationrequirementsandanyparticularaspectswhichcouldbeofconcerntoprospectivetenders.
Theperiodbetweenthenoticeofinvitationtoprequalifyandthelatestdateforthereturnofcompletedapplicationsshouldnotbelessthanfourweeks.
Theemployer/engineershouldevaluatetheprequalificationapplicationstoidentifythosecompanies/jointventureswhomtheyconsidertobesuitablyqualifiedandexperiencedtoundertaketheproject,iftheresultinglist,afterthosefirmswhowerefoundunsuitablehavebeenexcluded,exceedssixpotentialtendersandtherearenospecialregulationsorconditionsimposedontheemployer,theselectionprocedureshouldbecontinuedtoeliminatedthelesswell-qualifiedinordertoarriveatnomorethansix.
Whenthelistofselectedtendershasbeenprepared,successfulapplicantsshouldbenotifiedandrequestedtoconfirmtheirintentiontosubmitatender.Thisshouldensure,assoonaspossible,anadequatenumberofcompetitivetenders.Ifapotentialtenderwishestodropoutatthisstage,thenextbest-placedshouldbeinvitedandaskedtoconfirmasabove.Followingthis,allapplicantsshouldbenotifiedofselectedtenderswithoutgivingexplanationforthedecisions.
Toensurethatallcontractorsbidingtheirworkarecompetentandexperienced,manypublicagenciesrequireallprospectivebidderstobeprequalified.Insuchcasesthecontractorsfilesafinancialstatementandanexperiencerecordwiththeagencyonayearlybasisandisgivenaratingexpressedintermsofthemaximumtotaldollarvolumeofworkhewillbeallowedtohaveunderconstructionwiththeagencyduringthecourseoftheyear.Therequiredbidproposalformwillnotbeissuedtoanycontractoriftheestimatedcostoftheproposedprojectplusthevalueofotherworkhemaystillhavetocompleteforthesameagencyexceedshisprequalificationlimit.
Prequalificationofcontractorsisanexcellentrequirementfromallpointsofview.Inenablestheownertoacceptthelowestbidwithconfidenceanditprovidesanimpartialandfairmethodofscreeningoutprospectivebidderswhoaretoosmallortooinexperiencedtobidonaparticularproject.Thisscreeningprocessthusprovidesdefinitebenefitstotheowner,hisengineerorarchitect,andthosecontractorswhoarescreenedout.
Prequalificationshouldberequiredmoreoftenbyarchitectsandengineersinconnectionwithlargerprivatework.Theprequalificationlimitinsuchcasescouldbebasedonacopyofthecontractor’scurrentletterofprequalificationfromtheappropriatestateagency,andnofurtheranalysisbythearchitectorengineerwouldberequired.
ObtainingTenders
Thetenderdocumentspreparedbytheemployer/engineerwillnormallyincludethefollowing:
1.letterofinvitationtotender.
2.Instructionstotenders.
3.Tenderformandappendices.
4.Conditionsofcontract(part1andpart2)togetherwithanyrequisiteforms.
5.Specification
6.Drawings
7.Billofquantitiesorscheduleofprices.
8.Informationdate.
9.Listofadditionalinformationrequiredfromtenders.
Instructionstotendersshouldbepreparedbytheemployer/engineertomeettheparticularrequirementsofindividualcontracts.Thepurposeofthedocumentsistoconveyinformationandinstructionsthatwillgovernthepreparation,submissionandevaluationoftenders.
Whendeterminingthetenderperiod,theemployer/engineermustensurethatadequatetimeisavailablefortenderstopreparetheirtenderstakingintoaccountthesize,complexityandlocationoftheprojectinquestion.
Tendersshouldbenotifiedofthenumberofcopiesoftheirtenderthatarerequired,stipulatingthatonesetofthedocumentsshouldbe,clearlymarked“originaltender”andtheothers(whichshouldbephotocopies)marked“copy”andthat,intheeventsofdiscrepancy,the“originaltender”,shalltakeprecedence.
Theinstructiontotendersshouldstatethattheemployerdoesnotbindhimselftoawardacontracttoanyofthetenders.
Tendersshouldbeadvisedofthesourceoffinanceandrelatedconditions.Wheretendersarerequiredtoprovidefinancingtheyshouldbeinstructedtoprovideinformationastosourceoffinanceandtheconditionswhichwillapply.
Specificinstructionsshouldbegivenconcerningthecurrenciestobeusedinthepreparationofthetender.Tendersshouldalsobeadvisedinwhichcurrency/currenciespaymentswillbeeffected.
Therequirementsforatendersecurity,ifany,willbedeterminedbythecircumstancesofeachproject.Ifatendersecurityisrequired,aformshouldbeincludedinthetenderdocuments.Theamountandcurrency/currenciesofthesecurityshouldbestated.Inallcasesthesuretyorsuretiesmustbesatisfactorytotheemployer,ifatendersecurityhasbeenrequested,anytenderwhichhasnotbeensosecuredwillspecification.
Specification
Thespecificationwilldefinethescopeandtechnicalrequirementsofthecontract,includinganyrequirementsfortrainingandthetransferoftechnology.Thequalityofmaterialsandthestandardsofworkmanshiptobeprovidedbythecontractormustbeclearlydescribed,togetherwithrequirementsforqualityassurancetobeperformedbythecontractorandtherequiredsafety,healthandenvironmentalmeasurestobeobservedduringtheexecutionsoftheworks,theextent,ifany,towhichthecontractorwillberesponsibleforthedesignofthepermanentworksshouldalsobespecified.Detailsshouldbeincludedofsamplestobeprovidedandteststobecarriedoutbythecontractorduringthecourseofchoiceintheorder,timingormethodsofexecutingtheworkorsectionsoftheworkswouldbeclearlysetoutandanyrestrictionsinhisuseofthesiteofthework,suchasinterfacerequirementswithotherpartsofthework,orprovisionofaccessorspaceforothercontractors,shouldbegiven.
ThespecificationshallpromotethebroadestpossiblecompetitionandasfaraspossiblefollowinternationalstandardssuchasthoseissuedbyISO.
Drawings
Thedrawingsincludedinthetenderdocumentsshouldprovidetenderswithsufficientdetailtoenablethem,inconjunctionwiththespecificationandthebillofquantities,tomakeanaccurateassessmentofthenatureandscopeoftheworksincludedinthecontract.Thedrawingsshouldbelistedinthespecification.
Evaluationoftenders
Followingtheopening,tendersshouldbecheckedbytheemployer/engineertoestablishthattheyarearithmeticallycorrect,areresponsiblewithouterrorsandomissionsandconsistentwiththeinvitationtotender.
Theevaluationoftenderscangenerallybeconsideredtohavethreecomponents.Thecomponentsmayinclude:
technicalevaluation;financialevaluation;generalcontractualandadministrativeevaluation.
Uponreceivingtheplans,specifications,andbidproposal,eachgeneralcontractorpreparesadetailedcostestimateforthejob.Timeisoftencriticalin
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