英美概况英国历史一览表.docx
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英美概况英国历史一览表.docx
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英美概况英国历史一览表
ChronologyofBritishGovernment
Monarch
DateofRule
Deeds
Events
Comments
Germanic/ScandinavianRule
AlfredtheGreat
871-899
1Defeated“Danlaw”expansion®ainedland
2establishednavyandgarrison
3introductionofChristanitytoDames,firstpublicschoolsfornobledescendancesandmagistrates
4Anglo-SaxonChronicle
Anglo-SaxonWessexline
Edwardtheelder
Anglo-SaxonWessexline;
SontoAlfred
Athelstan
Anglo-SaxonWessexline;
SontoEdward
EdgarthePeaceful
959-975
Anglo-SaxonWessexline
EthelredtheUnready
978`1016
InvadedEngland
Anglo-SaxonWessexline;
SweynForkbeard,KingofDenmark
Canute
1016-1035
1.chosenaskingbyWitan;2.UnitedEngland,DenmarkandNorway.
ScandinavianConqueror
EdwardtheConfessor
1042-1066
1.facilitatedtheNormanConquer;2.Normanfeudalsystemadopted
SonofEthelredtheUnready
HaroldGodwinson
1066
defeatedNorwegians
EarlofWessex
NormanFrenchRule
WilliamI
1066-1087
5-stepstostrengthenreigninEngland:
1.crushedallresistance,builtcastlesforprotection
2.brokeupSaxonearldomsestablishedcentralizedroyalgovernment.
3.vicomtes
4.sloventroyaltreasury,royalcoinage
5.alliedwithRomanCatholicChurch
defeatedHaroldandcrownedWilliamIatWestminsterAbbeyonDec.25,1066
WilliamtheConqueror,FrenchdukeconnectedtotheWessexLinewhofavoredbyEdwardtheConfessor
WilliamII
1087-1100
Murdured
WilliamRufus,2ndsontoWilliamI
HenryI
1100-1135
AlteredtherelationshipbetweenKingandhisfollowers:
1.chosebishops2.acceptedmoneyfromBaronsinsteadofmilitaryservice-exchequer
3rdsonofWilliamI
Stephen&Maud
1135-1154
1.20-yearsofcivilwarandanarchy;
2.agreementtoStephen’sruleandHenryII’ssuccession.
Stephen:
GrandsontoWilliamI;
Matilda:
DaughtertoHenryI
AngevinFrench–Plantagenents
HenryII
1154-1189
1.reformoflegislativesystem
2.claimedvastterritoriesinFranceandIrelandthroughvariousfamilyconnections;
3.alteredtherelationshipsbetweensecularandreligiousauthorities
-murderedofThomasBecket/failureinreformingcanonlaw;
4.invadedandestablishedEnglishkingdominIreland
SontoMaud
RichardI
1189-1199
1.ThreeCrusadesforcontrolofholysitesintheNearEast;
2.imprisonedbyChristanalliesforransom
3.foughtinFrance
OldestsurvingsonofHenryII;RichardtheLionhearted
John
1199-1216
1.raisedpropertytaxes;
2.struggleswithPopeInnocentIIIandinvasionofPhilipAugustus
In1215.TenantRightsmovement&MagnaCarta
2ndsurvingsonofHenryII
HenryIII
1216-1272
1civilwarin1263andbaronialtriumph;
2establishmentofparliament
SontoJohnDisarstrous
EdwardI
1272-1307
1.begantheHundredYear’sWaragainstwar;
1.1348-1349:
Davastationofblackdeathresultinginthedeathof3/8population-laborshortage;
2.1351:
thefutileStatuteofLaborors
Militarycontroloverlaboringclassunderwentchanges:
shiftfromoldknight&castlesystemtoexpertarchers&engineers;
1Tensionsbetweenclasseshightenedbyreligiousdissension;
2nationalismaroused,Englishgainedpopularity
SontoHenryIII
RichardII
1377-1399
ConfiscatedtheestatesofhisuncleJohn,violatingthelawofinheritance
1.1378-1380,”HeadTax”imposedbyJohnofGaunt;
1381,Peasants’Revolt
SontotheBlackPrince,GrandsontoEdwardIII
Lancatrians
HenryIV
1399-1413
1.RebelledbycousinHenry,defeatedRichard2andforcedhimtoabdicateandmurderedhim;
2.illegallyseizingpower-losttheprotectionoflawsofinheritance-spentmuchofhisreignsuppressingrebellion.
GrandsontoEdwardIII,consintoRichard
HenryV
1413-1422
AssertingauthoritybothinFrance&athome
HenryVI
1422-1461
DeposedbyEdwardYorkistandmurdered(1461)
WarofRoses
(1455-1485)
WeakKingwithdividedgovernment
Yorkists
EdwardIV
1461-1470
1471-1483
BrieflyoustedfrompowerbyhisbrotherClarence&hisprevioussupportersin1470.
GrandsonofEdwardIII
EdwardV
1483
Murdered
RichardIII
1483-1485
DefeatedandkilledintheBattleofBosworthybyHenryTudor
TheBattleofBosworthy
BrotherofEdwardIV
Tudors
HenryVII
1485-1509
1unitedtheHouseofYorkistsandLancastrianbymeansofmarriagewithYorkist’sElizabethandestablishedtheTudorHouse.
2theStarChamber-consolidationofhisposition;
3Morton’sFork-turnedtreasurydeficitintoasurplus;
4thethreatofrevocationtogaintradingprilegesforEnglishmerchantsabroad;
5Educationfunds
GrandsonofEdwardIII;
EarlofRichmond
HenryVIII
1509-1547
1CardinalWosley-lastestablishedtheconcept“Balance-of-Power”asbasisofEnglishforeignpolicy,1521crisis
2creationoftheRoyalNavy,
strengtheningcentraladministrative&maintainingadequatesupervisionoflocalgovernment
31535-incorporratedWales&EnglandonequaltermsinthefirstActofUnion;
4Middle-classdominatedParliamentinfavoroftheKing
5Anti-clericalRevolution,1554the
ActofSupremacy-
Dissolutionofmonasteries
6.1537-1542:
Irishanarchy,“PilgrimageofGrace”byCatholictheStatuteof
theSixArticles
SonofHenryIII;selectedbyPrivyCouncil;Welshman
EdwardVI
1547-1553
Parliament’seffortofreligiousunity
Unclesservedasregents
MaryI
1553-1558
1.MarriedtoCatholicSpanishKingPhilipII,turningEnglandavassalofSpain;
2.LostthelastFrenchlands-thePortofCalais-asaresultofsupportingSpainagainstFrenchinwar;
3.appointedCatholicastheArchbishopofCanteburyandCatholicworshipreturnedtolocalchurches.
ElderdaughtertoHenryVIII,selectedbythePrivyCouncil,RomanCatholic,BloodyMary.
ElizabethI
1553-1603
1.twodisarstrouspoliciesaggravatedtheIrishproblems:
a.grantingthearistocracycommercialandestatemonopoliesinIrelandformoney&support;
b.sentpoorlytrainedhighlyambitiousandavariciousfavoritesasmilitarycommanderstoIre.
1crisis:
warwithCatholicSpaincausedbyCatholichatredofProtestantismandEnglishrivalryforglobaltrade&ultimatecontrolofoceans;
thedestructionofSpainishArmadain1588andGBruledthesea;
21597-1601:
HughO’NeilRevolt
3theflourishingofcultureRenaissance(Shakespeare,Marlowe,Donne,Johnson,FrancisBacon,Harvey,Gilbert,KingJamesBibleof1611)
4theeconomicprosperitybasedonindividualenterpriseinmanyfields
YoungerdaughterofHenryVIII,Protestant,Catholicillegitimate,
Intelligent,highly-educated,proud,calculating,self-control,rivaledbyMaryQueenofScots,Apoliticianandasurvivor.
TheStuartandCommonwealth
JamesI
1603-1625
1.peacefullyunitedtheEnglandandScotlandinpolitics;
2.Newwaystoraiserevenuewithoutparlimentaryapproval:
sellingnobilities&awardingElizabethanmonopolies
3.thefailedattemptofopenlyseekingaCatholicSpanishprincessasdaughter-in-law,startingthefireswithParl.
4.Nobishop,noking.FavoredtheHighChurch.
1.1621.TheHouseofCommonsdrewuptheGreatProtestant-firstofthegreatdocumentsofEnglishRevolution.
2.1624,Chales’betrothaltoFrenchCatholicPrincess.
3.theoriginofGUYFAWKESDay.
4.1607,theestablishmentofthefirstEnglishcolonyinNorthAmericaontheAtlanticcoastatJamestown,Virginiaforcommercialreasons.
1620,thesecondatPolymouthMassachusetts,foundedbyPilgrimsforreligiousreason.
5.1609,thefirstEnglishfactoryestablishinIndia.
GrandsonofHenryVII,SontoQueenMaryofScots,highly-educated,conceitedandstubborn
CharlesI
1625-1649
1.1628,thePetitionofRight,firststatingsomemostbasicrulesofmodernconstitutionalgovernment;
2.1629,Kingdissolvedparliamentandimprinsoned9leadersinLondonTower;1629-1640:
non-parliamentrule;
3.1638,Scottishrebellion:
fuseoftheEnglishRevolution.
4.Charlesreconvenedtheparliamentinneedofmoney-ShortParl.-soondissolved.
5.ScottsinvadedEngland-LongParl.oftheRevolution-Parl.abolishedtaxesandunpopularroyaladministrativecourts&meetevery3years.
6.Irishrebellion,massacringnorthernIrishProtestants;1641,GrandRemonstrance.
7.theCivilWar(1642-1649)
SonofJamesI,beheadedbyorderoftheRUMPparl.
OliverCromwell
1649-1658
11.claimedtheEnglandrepublicasCommonwealth;
22.1651,theNavigationAct-embargoonDutchShipping;
33.1654,solvedScottishandIrishproblemswithviolence
44.1652,EnglishshipsdefeatedtheDutchandmasteredthenorthernsea.
55.DissolvedtheRumpandestablishedhimselfas“LordProtector”,choseNewParliamentbasedontheonlywrittenconstitutionofEngland-theInstrumentofGovernment.
66.Puritanspassed“bluelaws”inanefforttoimposepuritanlifestyleinthecountry
PatrioticEnglishman,strong-minded,stubborn,nopathologicaldriveforpower,puritan,LordProtector
RichardCromwell
1658-1660
RestoredStuart
CharlesII
1660-1685
1dissenterswereexcludedbyParliamentparticularlyintheaccsesstoUni,resultinginthedominationofanonconformistconscienseinpubliclife;
2Disarsters:
theBlackDeath(1665-1666);theGreatFireinLondon
3DutchWarof1665-1667,EnglandseizedcommercialsupremacyfromtheDutch.
41670,theHudsonBayCompanywasgrantedexclusiverighttotradebytheHudsonBayinCanada.
Selectedbyparliament;
chiefministerofParliamentdominatesthemonarchy;periodofpublicpursuitofpleasure,loosemorals,festivecourtlifeandindecentwit
JamesII
1685-1688
1687,issueda“DeclarationofIndulgence”
1688,fledtoFrance.
ThebloodlessGloriousRevolution(1688-1689)
YougersonofCharles,outspokenCatholic,IexiledbyParl.
WilliamIII&MaryII
1688-1702
1BillofRights
21690,BattleofBoyne,JamesIIandhissupportingIrishRomanCatholicdefeated,thusIrishR.Cw
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