Since man came bursting out.docx
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Since man came bursting out.docx
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Sincemancameburstingout
0703
0SECTION2:
STUDYSKILLS
Directions:
Inthissection,youwillreadseveralpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsbasedonitscontent.YouaretochooseONEbestanswer,(A),(B),(C)or(D),toeachquestion.AnswerallthequestionsfollowingeachpassageonthebasisofwhatisstatedorimpliedinthatpassageandwritetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.
Questions1-5
Lastmonth,uponhearingthataneighborhadbeenburgled,myhusbandvoicedadesiretobeefupourhomesecurity.Iwaslargelyunresponsive.Thepreviousownersofourhouseinstalledaburglaralarmsystem,butwenevergotitswitchedon,because,quotingEd,Iapparentlycaremoreaboutthe$29monthlyfeethanIdoaboutourhomesecurity.Intheend,Igavein.
Thealarmcompanysentoverasalesrepresentative,awell-coiffedprofessionalinasuitandheels.Sherecommendedaddingsomeinfraredmotionsensors.Iwasnotwildaboutthis.Iliketokeepthingssimple.Myideaofhomesecurityistohirecheap,disreputablepainterswhocanbecountedupontopaintthewindowsshut."Besides,can'tthemotionsensorsbesetoffbyapet?
"Isaid.
Edleanedinclosetothesalesrep."Wedon'thaveanypets,"hewhispered."Wedon'thaveapetnow''Isaid."Butwemightsomeday."Iknewthistobealie.Edisadogperson,andI'macatperson.Wecanceleachotherout.
Ipointedoutthateverynowandthen,theneighbors'cat,Sprinkles,willsneakintothehousewhenthebackdoorisopen.Thealarmwomanstartedtalkingabout"petresistance."Thiswasafeatureofthemotionsensorwherebyitwassettocovertheroomfromthewaistuponly."Thoughofcourse...,"shehesitated,"thecatwouldhavetostayonthegroundatalltimes."
Wegotthesensors,andwegotthesystemswitchedon.Wenevergotapet,eachofuspracticinghisorherownparticularbrandofpetresistance,butwedid,aftermanyyearsofcost-basedbickering,getahousecleaner.Everyothermonth,Nataliacanbeseenmakingherwaythroughthefilthandcobwebs.Igaveherthealarmcodebutpromisedtoleavethealarmoffthedayshecame.
Naturally,Iforgot.Laterthatmorning,myworkphonerang.ItwasNatalia,yellinginharmonywiththeshriekingofthealarm.Shecouldn'tfindthecode.Ontopofallthis,mycellphonestartedringing.Thiswasthealarmcompany,respondingtothealarmandcallingmetogetthesecretpassword-whichwasdifferentfromtheshutoffcode-requiredforthemtoshutoffthesystemandpreventthepolicefromrushingovertoarrestNataliaforbreakingandentering.
Someweeksback,EdandIhadspent15minutesarguingoverthesecretpasswordforthealarm.Edisafanofthecomplicated,hacker-proof,identity-theft-foilingpassword,thekindthatinvolvesalternatingcapitalandlowercaseletterswithobscureforeignaccentmarks,whereasI'llusemyname.Ihadnorecollectionofwhatwe'dsettledon."Ummmm."Thealarm,andNatalia,continuedtogooff.Thiswentonforsometime.
Meanwhile,Nataliahaddugthroughherbag,foundthepieceofpaperI'dgivenherwiththeshutoffcodeandquietedthescreamingalarm.Idon'tknowhoweffectivethesealarmsareagainstburglars,butSprinkleshasn'tbeenseenonthepropertyinweeks.
1.
Whydidn'tthewritergettheburglaralarmsystemswitchedon?
(A)Becauseshedidn'tlikeitsdesign.
(B)Becausetheburglaralarmsystemhadbrokendown.
(C)Becausesheconsideredmonthlyfeeunnecessary.
(D)Becauseshethoughttheirhomesecuritywasnotaproblem.
2.
Thefamilydidn'thaveapetbecause_______.
(A)theydidn'tlikepets
(B)theydidn'tlikeeachother'sfavoriteanimal
(C)theytooktheirneighbors'petastheirown.
(D)itcostalottohaveapet.
3.
Accordingtothesalesrepresentative,themotionsensor_______.
(A)ispetresistant
(B)issettocovertheroomfloor
(C)couldbesetoffbyapetifitwasnear
(D)couldbesetoffbyapetifitjumpedhighenough
4.
Theword"bickering"inparagraph5isclosestinmeaningto_______.
(A)arguing
(B)considering
(C)persuading
(D)consulting
5.
Edpreferredtheirpasswordforthealarmtobe_______.
(A)complicated
(B)interesting
(C)easytoremember
(D)hisownname
Questions6-10
AnarticlepublishedrecentlyintheprestigiousscientificjournalNatureissheddingnewlightonanimportant,buthithertolittlehasbeenappreciated,aspectofhumanevolution.Inthisarticle,ProfessorsDennisBrambleandDanielLiebermansuggestthattheabilitytorunwasacrucialfactorinthedevelopmentofourspecies.Accordingtothetwoscientists,humanspossessanumberofanatomicalfeaturesthatmakethemsurprisinglygoodrunners.'Weareveryconfidentthatstrongselectionforrunning-whichcameattheexpenseofthehistoricalabilitytoliveintrees-wasinstrumentalintheoriginofthemodernhumanbodyform,'saysBramble,abiologyprofessorattheUniversityofUtah.
Traditionalthinkinguptonowhasbeenthatthedistinctive,uprightbodyformofmodernhumanshascomeaboutasaresultoftheabilitytowalk,andthatrunningissimplyaby-productofwalking.Furthermore,humanshaveusuallybeenregardedaspoorrunnerscomparedtosuchanimalsasdogs,horsesorantelopes.However,thisisonlytrueifweconsiderfastrunning,orsprinting,overshortdistances.EvenanOlympicathletecanhardlyrunasfastasahorsecangallop,andcanonlykeepupatopspeedforfifteensecondsorso.Horses,antelopesandgreyhounds,ontheotherhand,canrunattopspeedforseveralminutes,clearlyoutperformingusinthisrespect.Butwhenitcomestolong-distancerunning,humansdoastonishinglywell.Theycanmaintainasteadypaceformiles,andtheiroverallspeedcomparesfavourablywiththatofhorsesordogs.
BrambleandLiebermanexaminedtwenty-sixanatomicalfeaturesfoundinhumans.Oneofthemostinterestingoftheseisthenuchalligament,abandoftissuethatextendsfromaridgeonthebaseoftheskulltothespine.Whenwerun,itisthisligamentthatpreventsourheadfrompitchingbackandforthorfromsidetoside.Therefore,weareabletorunwithsteadyheads,heldhigh.Thenuchalligamentisnotfoundinanyothersurvivingprimates,althoughthefossilrecordshowsthatHomoerectus,anearlyhumanspeciesthatwalkedupright,muchaswedo,alsohadone.ThenthereareourAchillestendonsatthebacksofourlegs,whichconnectourcalfmusclestoourheelbones-andwhichhavenothingtodowithwalking.Whenwerun,thesetendonsbehavelikesprings,helpingtopropelusforward.Furthermore,wehavelow,wideshoulders,virtuallydisconnectedfromourskulls,anotheranatomicaladaptationwhichallowsustorunmoreefficiently.Addtothisourlightforearms,whichswingoutofphasewiththemovementofourlegstoassistbalance,andonebeginstoappreciatethepointthatBrambleandLiebermanaretryingtomake.
Butwhatevolutionaryadvantageisgainedfrombeinggoodlong-distancerunners?
Onehypothesisisthatthisabilitymayhavepermittedearlyhumanstoobtainfoodmoreeffectively.'Whatthesefeaturesandfossilfactsappeartobetellingusisthatrunningevolvedinorderforourdirectancestorstocompetewithothercarnivoresforaccesstotheproteinneededtogrowthebigbrainsthatweenjoytoday,'saysLieberman.
6.
Thehumanabilitytorun______.
(A)wasonlyrecentlydescribedinascientificjournal
(B)playedanimportantpartinhumanevolution
(C)isnowregardedasmoreimportantthantheabilitytoclimbtrees
(D)issurprisingwhenweconsiderevolutionarytrends
7.
Accordingtothepassage,humans______.
(A)arebetterrunnersthanmostotheranimals
(B)arenotgoodatrunningshortdistances
(C)compareunfavorablywithhorsesanddogs
(D)cannotrunattopspeedoverlongdistances
8.
Itappearsthatthenuchalligament_______.
(A)isfoundonlyinmodernprimates
(B)enablesustorunwithsteadyheads
(C)preventstheheadfrommoving
(D)isauniqueanatomicalfeatureamongallspecies
9.
Thepassagesuggeststhat_______.
(A)wedonotneedcalfmusclesinordertowalk
(B)withoutshoulderswecouldnotrunveryfast
(C)themovementofourforearmsisoutofphase
(D)ourAchillestendonsareanadaptationforrunning
10.
Accordingtothepassage,earlyhumans_______.
(A)killedanimalsbyexhaustingthem
(B)mayhaveevolvedbigbrainsforrunning
(C)competedwithotheranimalsforfood
(D)couldprobablyrunbeforetheycouldwalk
Questions11-15
Peoplevaluemoneydesperatelybecausetheyvalueoneanotherdesperately;thusthecauseofpanicinthestock-marketplungeisnotthatpeoplewilllosetheirdollarsbutthattheywilllosetheirsenseofcommunity.Forthepastcoupleofweeks,thenationhaswatcheditselfrolltowardruinbecausepeoplewerelosingtheirmoneyinbales.Ifoneweretastelessenoughtoaskabigloserwhatexactlyhewaslosing,hewouldsputter,"WhatamIlosing?
Mycar!
Mybeautifulhome!
Mychildren'seducations!
Myclothes!
Mydinner!
Mydollars!
"Theyarealltrue.Peoplehavebeenmourningthepassingoftheirmoneyforallthethingsthatmoneycando,andwhatmoneycandoisimpressive.Moneycanbuildcities,curediseases,andwinwars.Thesuddenacquisitionofthestuffcantossourspiritsintotheairlikeahat.
Moneycandoconsiderablymore.Itofferspower,analmostuniqueformofpower,notsimplybecauseitallowsustoacquireandpossessthingsbutbecauseitiswewhodetermineitsworth;wewhosayarubycostsmorethananapple;wewhodecidethatatenniscourtismorevaluablethanabook.Paradoxically,moneycreatesadeepsenseofpowerlessnessaswell,si
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