《非谓语动词》PPT课件.ppt.ppt
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《非谓语动词》PPT课件.ppt.ppt
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Non-finiteVerbs,Infinitive;gerund;participle,Infinitive(不定式),1.不定式的式和态(以动词do为例),相关例句:
1)Mr.Brownissupposedto_forItalylastweek.A.haveleftB.beleavingC.leaveD.havebeenleft2)Mr.Johnsonpreferred_heavierwordtodo.A.tobegivenB.tobegivingC.tohavegivenD.havinggiven注:
一般式:
不定式动作在谓语动作之后或两动作同时发生完成式:
不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前完成进行式:
不定式动作在谓语动作之前,并持续到现在与谓语动作同时发生,2.不定式的句法功能,3.几点补充,1)不定式to的省略A.不定式作表语,若谓语有实词do,则不定式不带toAllIwantedtodowassolveitassoonaspossible.B.介词but,except,save后可接不定式作宾语,若谓语是do则省略to,反之则不省Hehasnoalternativebuttogowithher.LastnightIdidnothingbutwatchTV.,C.在hadbetter;wouldrather(sooner)than;wouldratherthan;cannotbut;canthelpbut;mayaswell等习惯用法中,省略toMarycanthelpbutrushintotheheavyrain.Hewouldratherstayathomethangotowork.D.作使役动词make,let,have和感官动词see,watch,listento,feel,hear等的宾语补足语HemadeHelenteachusEnglish.注:
此类句子的被动形式,to不可省略HelenwasmadetoteachusEnglish.,E.口语中,why开头的简单问句中,用不带to的不定式Whynotgoatonce?
2)不定式的逻辑主语用for或of引出Itsanhonorformetotakepartinthework.ItsveryniceofyoutoseemewhenIwasill.3)注意区分介词to和不定式to如:
beused(accustomed)to;beopposedto;objectto;lookforwardto;stickto;preferto;等词组中to均为介词,Participle(分词),分词的式和态(以do为例)注:
beingdone表被动语态的进行式,2.分词的句法功能,3.分词作状语的补充说明,1)分词可作伴随、时间、原因,条件等状语(前可有连词)伴随:
Theystoodtherewatchingthemovie.Prof.Johnsoniscoming,followedbyhisassistant.时间:
(When)Comingdownthemountain,Imetanoldfriend.Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylookedbeautiful.原因:
Bornintoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofeducation.Gettinguptoolate,hemissedtheschoolbus.条件:
Givenenoughsunlight,theflowerscouldhavegrownparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo.,2)独立结构:
(作状语)分词作状语时,其逻辑主语应和谓语动词的主语保持一致。
否则,分词前必须加上名词或代词作为其主语。
这种带主语的分词结构就叫独立结构。
有时独立结构前还可用with。
Theboyreturned,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.Hisworkfinished,hepackedthetoolsandleft.Withtheissuesettled,theywenthome.Thehouseisverybeautifulwithsomanyflowerssurroundingit.,注:
with独立结构还可以是:
with+名词/代词+不定式/介词短语/形容词或副词Withsomuchworktodo,Icantgowithyou.WithnothinginterestingonTV,wecanplaythebridgetonight.4.分词做宾补的补充说明:
1)感官动词的宾补既可是分词,也可是不带to不定式Iheardhimtalkingtohissister.(表正在进行)Iheardhimtellthestorytohissister.(表动作全过程),2)have/get+宾语+过去分词,分词动作并非主语所为YoudbetterhaveyourlungX-rayed.Iamgoingtogetmyradiorepaired.,Gerund(动名词),动名词的基本形式(以动词do为例),2.动名词的句法功能,3.动名词的补充说明1)逻辑主语:
可以是物主代词、名词所有格或普通格、人称代词宾格等Maryinsistedonhergoingtocollege.TheoldmandoesntlikeGeorgelosinghistemper.Theoldmandoesntlikelosinghistemper.2)在need,want,require,demand,beworth之后,表被动Thewindowneedscleaning.Thebookisworthreading.,3)接动名词不接不定式的常见动词:
admit,acknowledge,anticipate,advocate,appreciate,avoid,canthelp/resist/stand,consider,contemplate,defer,delay,deny,detest,dislike,mind,enjoy,escape,excuse,evade,facilitatefancy,favor,finish,imagine,include,miss,pardon,postpone,practice,resent,risk,suggest,4)有些动词接续关系是:
动词+宾语+into+doing如:
trick,mislead,shame,talk,trap,beguile,blackmail,coerce,deceive,foolIshamedhimintoreturningthestolenmoney.Dontlethisfriendlywordsmisleadyouintotrustinghim.Shebeguiledmeintolendinghermoney.,其它接续关系:
动词+宾语+from+doing这类动词有:
stop,prevent,keep,hinder,restrain,save等,基本含义是“使不”:
Nothingcouldstopmefromachievingmyambition.Hecouldhardlyrestrainhimselffromshoutingaloud.又有:
thank/blamesb.fordoing;congratulatesb.ondoing;accusesb.ofdoing,etc.,ThankYou!
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