讲义1谓语动词的形式.docx
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讲义1谓语动词的形式.docx
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讲义1谓语动词的形式
2017.10.21
高一第一学期讲义7本节课重点:
1.准确判断句中谓语动词的形式
2.综合题型练习
Part1时态结构和谓语动词形式总结
一、不同时态的结构
1.一般现在时
(1)主语+do/does+其他。
(2)主语+be动词(am/is/are)+其他。
(3)主语+情态动词(can/may/must/should/oughtto)+do(动词原形)+其他。
2.现在进行时
主语+be动词(am/is/are)+doing(现在分词)+其他。
3.一般将来时
主语+will/shall/begoingto+do(动词原形)+其他。
4.将来进行时主语+willbedoing+其他。
5.一般过去时
(1)主语+did(过去式)+其他。
(2)主语+be动词(was/were)+其他。
(3)主语+情态动词(could/might/must/should/oughtto)+do(动词原形)+其他。
6.过去进行时
主语+be动词(was/were)+doing(现在分词)+其他。
7.现在完成时
主语+助动词have/has+done过(去分词)+其他。
8.现在完成进行时
主语+助动词have/has+been+doing现(在分词)+其他。
9.过去完成时主语+助动词had+done(过去分词)+其他。
10.将来完成时主语+willhavedone+其他。
二、被动语态及其用法【一】概念及构成
1.概念当句子的主语是动作的执行者时,谓语的形式就称为动词的主动语态;而当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,谓语的形式就称为动词的被动语态。
被动语态需要注意以下两点:
时态和结构
2.不同时态的被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
(1)一般现在/过去时的被动语态:
am/is/are+done(一般现在时的被动语态)was/were+done(一般过去时的被动语态)
(2)现在进行时的被动语态:
先考虑时态结构:
am/is/are+doing再考虑语态结构:
be+done→am/is/are+being+done
(3)现在完成时的被动语态:
先考虑时态结构:
have/has+done再考虑语态结构:
be+done
→have/has+been+done
(4)含有情态动词/助动词的被动语态:
先考虑时态结构:
情态动词/will/begoingto+do再考虑语态结构:
be+done
→情态动词/will/begoingto+be+done【二】学习被动语态时需要注意以下考点。
考点一:
表示发生的词不能用于被动语态cometrue,consistof,takeplace,happen,belong,breakout,例如:
Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.
AbigearthquakehashappenedinChilethisyear.考点二:
下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义,而且常与well,easily等副词连用。
这些动词有wash,sell,write等,例如:
Thebooksellswell.这本书很畅销。
考点三:
连系动词不能用于被动语态,常见的有表示感官的连系动词(taste,smell,look,feel,sound)和表示变化的连系动词(become,turn,get,go,grow),例如:
Thecoatfeelssoft.
三、谓语动词形式总结
1.动词原形:
2.动词的第三人称单数形式:
3.动词的过去式:
4.be动词:
5.含情态动词的谓语形式:
6.完成时态中的谓语形式:
7.被动语态中的谓语形式:
句子的时态体现在谓语动词的不同形式,综合分析不同时态的结构可以得出谓语动词的形式主要有以下几类:
do
doesdidam/is/are;was/werecan/may/must/should/oughtto+docould/might/must/should/oughtto+dohave/has/had+donehave/has+been+doingwillhavedoneam/is/are+done;was/were+doneam/is/are+being+done;was/were+being+donehave/has/had+been+done
Part2S1A能力提升练习7
II.GrammarandVocabularySectionA
Directions:
Afterreadingthe
passagesbelow,fill
intheblankstomakethepassages
coherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.
(A)
LastAugustSusanandforty-twootherstudentsgotwetanddirtywhileremovingsixtonsofgarbage(25)theriverrunningacrosstheircity.(26)
cleaneduptheriveraspartofaweeklongenvironmentalcamp.LikeoneinthreeAmericanrivers,thisriverissopollutedthatit'usnsafeforswimmingorfishing.Still,Susan,(27)hasjustcompletedherthirdsummercampontherivercleanup,seesachangeinthisriver.“Sincewestartedthreeyearsago,theriverisgettingalot(28)
(clean),”shesays.Environmentalscientistspraisetheteenagersforremovinggarbage(29)canharmwildlife.Waterbirds,forexample,candieofplasticbottleringsandgetcutbytinymetals.Threeyearsago,whenthecleanupstarted,garbagewaseverywhere.Butthisyeartheteenagerscanrowtheirboatsfast.Bytheendofthesix-hourcleanup,they(30)(remove)enoughgarbagetofillmorethantwolargetrucks.“(31)
(see)allthatgarbageintherivermakespeoplebegintocareaboutenvironmentalissues,”Susansays.Shehopesthatwhenothersreadthat,sheandherpeers
careenough(32)(clean)itup,maybetheywouldthinktwicebeforetheythrow
garbageintotheriver.
(B)
DaveFusslosthisjob(33)(drive)atruckforasmallcompanyinwest
Michigan.Hiswife,Gerrie,wasstillworkinginthelocalschoolcafeteria,andthepriceofeverythingwasrising.TheFusseswereatriskofjoiningthemillionsofAmericanswhohavelosttheirhomesinrecentyears.ThenDaveandGerriereceivedatimelygift---$7,000,alegacy(遗产)fromtheirneighborsIshandArleneHatch,whodiedin(34)
accident.“Itreallymadeadifference(35)weweregoingunderfinancially.”
saysDave.
ButtheFussesweren'ttheonlyfolksAlitnoandtheneighboringtownofLowelltoreceiveunexpectedlegacyfromtheHatches.Dozensofotherfamilies(36)
(touch)bytheHatches'generosity.Insomecases,itwasafewtholluasras;nidndoothers,it
wasmorethan$100,000.
ItsurprisednearlyeveryonethattheHatcheshadsomuchmoney,morethan$3million—theywereanelderlycouplewholivedinanoldhouseon(37)wasleftofthe
familyfarm.
(38)thefinancialcrisis,IshandArlenedevelopedthehabitofsaving.
Theywerefondofcomparisonshoppingandwouldroutinelygofromstoretostore,(39)(check)pricesbeforemakinganewpurchase.
Throughtheyears,theHatchespaidforlocalchildrentoattendsummercampwhentheirparents(40)notaffordit.“IshandArleneneveraskedwhetheryouneeded
anything,”saystheirfriendSandVanWeelden,“Theycouldseethethingstheycoulddoto
makeyouhappier,andthyewoulddothem.”
SectionB
Directions:
Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.
A.cultivation
B.farmed
C.constant
D.machinery
E.plunged
F.lightning
G.envy
H.precious
I.uncomfortable
J.aircraft
K.consequence
Moderninventionshavespeededuppeople'losvesamazingly.Motor-carscoverahundredmilesinlittlemorethananhour,__41__crosstheworldinsideaday,whilecomputersoperateat__42__speed.Indeed,thisloveofspeedseemsnever-ending.Everyyearmotor-carsareproducedwhichgoevenfasterandeachnewcomputerboastsofsaving__43__secondsinhandlingtasks.
Allthissavestime,butataprice.Whenweloseorgainhalfadayinspeedingacrosstheworldinanairplane,ourbodiestellusso.Wegetthe__44__feelingknownasjet-lag;ourbodiesfeelthattheyhavebeenleftbehindonanothertimezone.Again,spendingtoolongatcomputersresultsinpainfulwristsandfingers.Mobilephonesalsohavetheirdangers,accordingtosomescientists;toomuchusemaysendharmfulradiationintoourbrains,a__45__wedonotliketothinkabout.
However,whatdowedowiththetimewehavesaved?
Certainlynotrelax,orsoitseems.Wearesoaccustomedto__46__activitiesthatwefinditdifficulttositanddonothingorevenjustonethingatatime.Perhapsthedaysarelonggonewhenwemightlistenquietlytoastoryontheradio,lettingimaginationtakeusintoanotherworld.
Therewasatimewhensomepeople'slivesweredevotedsimplytothe__47__ofthelandorthecareofcattle.Nomulti-taskingthere;theirliveswentonatamuchgentlerpace,andinafamiliarpattern.Thereismuchthatwemight__48__awayoflifelikethis.Yetbeforewedoso,wemustthinkofthehardtasksourancestorfaced:
they__49__withbarehands,oftenlivedclosetohunger,andhadtofashiontoolsfromwoodandstone.Modern__50__hasfreedpeoplefromthatprimitive(原始的)existence.
III.ReadingComprehension
SectionADirections:
ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.
It'bselievedthatintelligentpeoplearebetteratlearninglanguages.Mostlanguagelearningskills,__51__,arehabits,whichcanbeformedthroughabitofdisciplineandself-awareness.But,someofthemarenotgoodenough.Herearethethreemostcommon__52__languagelearnersmakeandhowtocorrectthem.
Notlisteningenough
There'saschooloflangua-gteachingexpertsthatbelievelanguagelearning__53__a“silentperiod”.Juasstbabieslearntoproducelanguagebyhearingandparrotingsounds,languagelearnersneedtopractiselisteninginordertolearn.Thiscandeveloplearnedvocabularyandstructures,andhelplearnersseepatternsinlanguage.
Listeningisthecommunicativeskillweusemostindailylife,butitcanbe__54__topractiseunlessyouliveinaforeigncountryorattendlanguageclasses.Thesolution?
Findmusic,podcasts,TVshowsandmoviesinthe__55__language,andlisten,listen,listen,asoftenaspossible.
Asinglemethod
Somelearnersaremostcomfortablewiththelisten-and-repeatdrillsofalanguagelab.Someneedagrammartextbookto__56__aforeigntongue.Eachoftheseapproachesisfine,butit'samistakerteolyononlyone.Languagelearnerswhouse__57__methodsgettopractisedifferentskillsandseeconceptsexplainedindifferentways.What'smore,the__58__cankeepthemfromworkinginasituationthatneverchanges.Whenchoosingaclass,learnersshouldseekacoursethat__59__thefourlanguageskills(reading,writing,
listeningandspeaking).Forself-study,trya__60__oftextbooks,audiolessons,andlanguagelearningapps.
__61__
Itdoesn'tmatterhowwellapersoncanwriteinforeignscript,orfinishavocabularytest.Tolearn,improve,andtrulyuseourlanguage,weneedtospeak.Thisisthestagewhenlanguagestudentsshouldcalmdown,andfeelingsof__62__orinsecurityhinder(阻碍)alltheirhardwork.InEasterncultureswheresavingfaceisastrongsocialvalue,EFLteachersoftencomplainthatstudents,despiteyearsofstudyingEnglish,simplywillnotspeakit.They'retoo__63__makingmistakesofthegrammarormispronouncingwordsinawaythatwould__64__them.
Thekeyisthatthosemistakeshelplanguagelearnersbyshowingthemthelimitsoflanguage,andcorrectingerrors__65__theybecomedeep-rooted.Themorelearnersspeakandpractise,themorequicklytheyimprove.
51.A.
however
B.moreover
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