塑料种类及用途英文.docx
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塑料种类及用途英文.docx
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塑料种类及用途英文
Plasticmaterialandprocesses
IntroductionToPlasticMaterialAndProcesses
ThermosettingPlasticsAndThermoplastics
Plasticisamonomerasrawmaterial,bypolyadditionorpolycondensationpolymerizationofmacromolecules,commonlyknownasplasticorresin,canbefreelychangedbodycompositionandstyle,fromasyntheticresinandafiller,plasticizers,stabilizers,lubricants,colormaterialsandotheradditives.
Propertiesoftheplastic
Mostplasticislight,chemicalstability,willnotrust
Goodimpactresistance
Hasgoodtransparencyandabrasionresistance
Insulation,lowthermalconductivity
Generalformability,goodcolor,lowprocessingcosts
Mostplasticspoorheatresistance,thermalexpansion,andeasyburning
Dimensionalstabilityispoor,easilydeformed
Mostplasticspoorlowtemperatureresistance,lowtemperaturebrittle
Easytoaging
Someplasticsolubleinsolvents
kindsofplastic
Scientificname
Abbreviation
N.O.
Application
Polyethyleneterephthalate
PET
01
Carbonateddrinksbottles,peanutbutterjars.
Polyethylene
PE
Supermarketbags,plasticbottles.
High-densitypolyethylene
HDPE
02
Detergentbottles,andmoldedplasticcases.
Polyvinylchloride
PVC
03
Plumbingpipesandguttering,showercurtains.
Polyvinylidenechloride
PVDC
Foodpackaging.
Low-densitypolyethylene
LDPE
04
Outdoorfurniture,siding,clamshellpackaging.
Polypropylene
PP
05
Bottlecaps,drinkingstraws,yogurtcontainers.
Polystyrene
PS
06
foodcontainers,CDandcassetteboxes.
Highimpactpolystyrene
HIPS
foodpackaging,vendingcups.
Polyamides
PA
Fibers,toothbrushbristles,tubing,fishingline.
Acrylonitrilebutadienestyrene
ABS
Electronicequipmentcases.
Polycarbonate
PC
07
Compactdiscs,eyeglasses,riotshields,lenses.
Polyurethanes
PU
Cushioningfoams,thermalinsulationfoams.
Polyester
PES
Fibers,textiles
Ethylene-VinylAcetateCopolymers
EVA
Rubbercement
Specialplastic
Scientificname
Abbreviation
Application
Melamineformaldehyde
MF
break-resistancealternativestoceramiccups.
Phenolics
PF
electricalfixtures,thermallyinsulationfoams.
Polyetheretherketone
PEEK
medicalimplant,aerospacemoldings.
Polyetherimide
PEI
chemicallystablepolymer.
Polylacticacid
PLA
cornstarch,oncemadefromdairyproducts.
Polymethylmethacrylate
PMMA
Contactlenses,Perspex,Oroglas,Plexiglas.
Polytetrafluoroethylene
PTFE
surfacesforfryingpans,plumber's.
Urea-formaldehyde
UF
wood,electricalswitchhousings.
Plasticstypemarkstheresinidentificationcode
Commonplasticsummary
Polyethyleneterephthalate
Polyethyleneterephthalate(sometimeswrittenpoly(ethyleneterephthalate)),commonlyabbreviatedPET,PETE,ortheobsoletePETEorPET-P,isthemostcommonthermoplasticpolymerresinofthepolyesterfamilyandisusedinfibersforclothing,containersforliquidsandfoods,thermoformingformanufacturing,andincombinationwithglassfiberforengineeringresins.
Themajorityoftheworld'sPETproductionisforsyntheticfibers(inexcessof60%),withbottleproductionaccountingforabout30%ofglobaldemand.
PETinitsnaturalstateisacolorless,semi-crystallineresin.
Themaindegradationsthatcanoccurarehydrolytic,andprobablymostimportant,thermaloxidation.
High-densitypolyethylene
High-densitypolyethylene(HDPE)orpolyethylenehigh-density(PEHD)isapolyethylenethermoplasticmadefrompetroleum.Itissometimescalled"alkathene"or"polythene"whenusedforpipes.[1]Withahighstrength-to-densityratio,HDPEisusedintheproductionofplasticbottles,corrosion-resistantpiping,geomembranes,andplasticlumber.
Polyvinylchloride
Polyvinylchloride,morecorrectlybutunusuallypoly(vinylchloride),commonlyabbreviatedPVC,isthethird-mostwidelyproducedsyntheticplasticpolymer,afterpolyethyleneandpolypropylene.
PVCcomesintwobasicforms:
rigid(sometimesabbreviatedasRPVC)andflexible.
TherigidformofPVCisusedinconstructionforpipeandinprofileapplicationssuchasdoorsandwindows.
Itcanbemadesofterandmoreflexiblebytheadditionofplasticizers,themostwidelyusedbeingphthalates.Inthisform,itisalsousedinplumbing,electricalcableinsulation,imitationleather,signage,inflatableproducts,andmanyapplicationswhereitreplacesrubber.
Low-densitypolyethylene
Low-densitypolyethylene(LDPE)isathermoplasticmadefromthemonomerethylene.
LDPEiswidelyusedformanufacturingvariouscontainers,dispensingbottles,washbottles,tubing,plasticbagsforcomputercomponents,andvariousmoldedlaboratoryequipment.Itsmostcommonuseisinplasticbags.
Polypropylene
Polypropylene(PP),alsoknownaspolypropene,isathermoplasticpolymerusedinawidevarietyofapplicationsincludingpackagingandlabeling,textiles(eg,ropes,thermalunderwearandcarpets),stationery,plasticpartsandreusablecontainersofvarioustypes,laboratoryequipment,loudspeakers,automotivecomponents,andpolymerbanknotes.Anadditionpolymermadefromthemonomerpropylene,itisruggedandunusuallyresistanttomanychemicalsolvents,basesandacids.
Polystyrene
Polystyrene(PS) Asathermoplasticpolymer,polystyreneisinasolid(glassy)stateatroomtemperaturebutflowsifheatedaboveabout100°C,itsglasstransitiontemperature.
Polystyreneisoftenusedtomakefoamarticles.Polystyrenecopolymercanalsogenerateavarietyofdifferentmechanicalpropertiesofrubberproductsandothertypesofpolymermaterials.
Polycarbonate
Polycarbonates(PC),knownbythetrademarkednamesLexan,Makrolonandothers,areaparticulargroupofthermoplasticpolymers.
Applications:
Electroniccomponents,Constructionmaterials,Datastorage,Automotive,aircraft,andsecuritycomponents,Nicheapplications,Medicalapplications,Phones.
Thermosetsandthermoplastics
Accordingtoavarietyofdifferentphysicalandchemicalpropertiesofplastic,theplasticcanbedividedintotwokindsofthermosettingplasticsandthermoplasticstypes.
Thermosets:
Phenolics,epoxyplastics,aminoplastics,unsaturatedpolyester,alkydplasticsandother
Thermoplastics:
Polyethylene,polypropylene,polyvinylchloride,polystyrene,polyoxymethylene,polycarbonate,polyamide,acrylicplastic,otherpolyolefinsandcopolymersthereof,polysulfone,polyphenyleneether
HealthHazards
Naturaldegradationforalongtime,someformorethan100years.
Additivesdeeper,moreresiduesofharmfulsubstances
Likelytohaveharmfulsubstancesathightemperatures
Recycling
Thermoplasticscanberemeltedandreused,andthermosetplasticscanbegroundupandusedasfiller,althoughthepurityofthematerialtendstodegradewitheachreusecycle.
Therearemethodsbywhichplasticscanbebrokenbackdowntoafeedstockstate.
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