第3套四级真题.docx
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第3套四级真题.docx
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第3套四级真题
2013年12月第3套四级真题
D
2013年12月四级考试真题(第三套)
PartIWriting
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessaybasedonthepicturebelow.YoushouldstartyouressaywithabriefaccountoftheimpactoftheInternetonlearningandthenexplainwhydoesn’tsimplymeanlearningtoobtaininformation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
“OnceIlearnhowtouseGoogle,isn’tthatalltheeducationIreallyneed?
”
PartIIListeningComprehension
说明:
2013年12月四级真题全国共考了两套听力。
本套(即第三套)的听力内容与第二套的完全一样,只是选项的顺序不一样而已,故在本套
newcities.
B)Bytheendofthe19thcentury,asthefrontiervanished,theU.S.hadamildpanicattack.Whatwouldthisenergetic,entrepreneurialcountrybewithoutnewlandstoconquer?
Somepeople,suchasTeddyRooseveltdecidedtokeeponconquering(Cuba,thePhilippines,etc.),buteventually,inindustrialization,theU.S.foundanewnarrativeofeconomicmobilityathome.Fromthe1890stothe1960s,peoplemovedfromfarmtocity,firstintheNorthandthenintheSouth.Infact,bythe1950s,therewasenoughprosperityandwhite-collarworkthatmanybegantomovetothesuburbs.Asthepopulationaged,therewasalsoashiftfromthecoldRustBelttothecomfortsoftheSunBelt.Wethinkofthisasanoldperson'smigration,butitcreatedmanyjobsfortheyounginconstructionandhealthcare,nottomentiontourism,retailandrestaurants.
C)Forthelast20years—fromtheendofthecoldwarthroughtwoburstbubblesinasingledecade—theU.S.hasbeencastingaboutforitsnexteconomicnarrative.Andnowitisexperiencinganotherperiodofpanic,whichisbadnewsformuchoftheworkforcebutparticularlyforitsyoungestmembers.
D)TheU.S.hasalwaysbeenaremarkablyitinerantcountry,butnewdatafromtheCensusBureauindicatethatmobilityhasreacheditslowestlevelinrecordedhistory.Sure,somepeoplearestuckinhomesvaluedatlessthantheirmortgages(抵押贷款),butmanyyoungpeople—whodon'townhomesanddon'tyethavefamilies—arestayingput,too.Thissuggests,amongotherthings,thatpeoplearen'tpackingupforneweconomicopportunitiesthewaytheyusedto.Ratherthandividingthecountryintothe1percentersversus(与……相对)everyoneelse,thesplitinoureconomyisreallybetweentwootherclasses:
themobileandimmobile.
E)Partoftheproblemisthatthecountry'slargestindustriesareindecline.Inthepast,itwasperfectlyclearwhereyoungpeopleshouldgoforwork(Chicagointhe1870s,Detroitinthe1910s,Houstoninthe1970s)and,moreorless,whatthey'dbedoingwhentheygotthere(killingsteer,buildingcars,sellingoil).Andtheseindustrieswerelargeenoughtoofferjobstoeachclassofworker,fromunskilledlaborertomanagerorengineer.Today,thefewbrightspotsinoureconomyarerelativelysmall(thoughsomepromisefuturegrowth)anddecentralized.TherearegreatjobsinSiliconValley,inthebiotechresearchcapitalsofBostonandRaleigh-DurhamandinadvancedmanufacturingplantsalongthesouthernI-85corridor.Thesecompaniesrecruitalloverthecountryandtheglobeforworkerswithspecificabilities.(Youdon'tneedtobethenextMarkZuckerbergtogetajobinoneofthemicrohubs(微中心),bytheway.ButyouwillalmostcertainlyneedatleastaB.A.incomputerscienceorayearortwoatatechnicalschool.)Thisnewer,selectjobmarketisnational,anditoffersmembersofthemobileclasscompetitivesalariesandhigherbargainingpower.
F)Manymembersoftheimmobileclass,ontheotherhand,liveintheAmericaofthegrimheadlines.Ifyouhavenospecializedskills,there'slittlereasontouproottoanotherstateandbethelastinlineforalow-payingjobatanewautoplantoraburgeoninggreen-energycluster.Thesurpriseinthecensus(普查)data,however,isthattheimmobileworkforceisnotlimitedtounskilledworkers.Infact,manyhaveacollegedegree.
G)Untilnow,aB.A.inanysubjectwasanear-guaranteeofatleastmiddle-classwages.Buttoday,aquarterofcollegegraduatesmakelessthanthetypicalworkerwithoutabachelor'sdegree.DavidAutor,aprominentlaboreconomistatM.I.T.,recentlytoldmethatacollegedegreealoneisnolongeraguarantorofagoodjob.Whilegraduatesfromtopuniversitiesarestilllikelytogetagoodjobnomatterwhattheirmajoris,hesaid,graduatesfromless-exaltedschoolsaregoingtobejudgedonwhattheyknow.Tocompeteforjobsonanationallevel,theyshouldbearmedwiththeskillsthatemergingindustriesneed,whethertechnicalornot.
H)Thosewithoutsuchspecializedskills—likepoetry,orevenhistory,majors—arealreadycompetingwiththeirneighborsforthesamesortsofsecond-rate,poorer-payinglocaljobslikelow-levelmanagementorbig-boxretailsales.Andwiththelow-skilledlabormarketatomizedintothousandsofmicroeconomies,immobileworkersarelessabletodemandbetterwagesorconditionsortoacquirevaluableskills.
I)Sowhat, exactly,shouldtheambitiousyoungworkeroftodaybelearning?
Unfortunately,it'shardtosay,sincetheU.S.doesn'thaveoneclearnationalproject.Thereareplentyofemerging,smallerindustries,butwhichonesarethemostpromising?
(Nanotechnology's(纳米技术)momentofremarkablegrowthseemstohavebeen5yearsintothefutureforsomethinglike20yearsnow.)It'snotclearexactlywhatskillsaremostneededoriftheywillevenbevaluableinadecade.
J)Whatisclearisthatallsortsofgovernmentissues—education,health-insuranceportability,workerretraining—arenolongerjustbonusestoalreadyprosperouslivesbutexistentialrequirements.It'sinallofourintereststomakesurethatasmanypeopleaspossibleareabletomovetowardopportunity,andAmerica'sabilitytoinvestpeopleandmoneyinexcitingnewideasisstillgreaterthanthatofmostotherwealthycountries.(Asrecentlyasfiveyearsago,U.S.migrationwastwicetherateofEuropeanUnionstates.)That,atleast,issomecomfortatatimewhenournationaleconomyseemstobesearchingforitsnextstoryline.
这篇文章我在网上找到的,是AdamDavidson'slatestNewYorkTimesMagazinecolumn,"AMessOnTheLadderOfSuccess."January18,2012讲解的时候可以告诉学生,提醒学生阅读国外报刊的必要性。
46.Unlikeinthepast,acollegedegreealonedoesnotguaranteeagoodjobforitsholder.
47.Thecensusdataissurprisinginthatcollegegraduatesarealsoamongtheimmobileworkforce.
49.Themigrationofoldpeoplefromcoldtowarmplacesmademanyjobsavailabletotheyoung.
50.Americaisbetteratinnovationthanmostotherrichnations.
51.EarlyAmericanhistoryisoneofmovingoutward.
52.Youngpeopledon’tknowwhattolearnbecauseitishardtopredictwhatskillsaremostneededorvaluedtenyearsfromnow.
53.Computerorothertechnicalskillsareneededtogetawell-payingjobinhigh-techoradvancedmanufacturing.
54.Whenthefrontiervanishedaboutacenturyago,Americafoundneweconomicmobilityinindustrialization.
55.Americatodaycanbedividedintotwoclasses:
thosewhomoveandthosewhodon’t.
SectionC
Directions:
Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions56t060arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Anewstudyshowsalargegendergaponeconomicpolicyamongthenation’sprofessionaleconomists,adividesimilartothegenderdividefoundinthegeneralpublic.
“Asagroup,wearepro-market,”saysAnnMariMay,co-authorofthestudyandaUniversityofNebraskaeconomist.“Butwomenaremorelikelytoacceptgovernmentregulationandinvolvementineconomicactivitythanourmalecolleagues.”
“It’sverypuzzling,”saysfreemarketeconomistVeroniquedeRugyoftheMercatusCenteratGeorgeMasonUniversity.“NotadaygoesbythatIdon’taskmyselfwhytherearesofewwomeneconomistsonthefreemarketside.”
AnativeofFrance,deRugysupportedgovernmentintervention(干预)earlyinherlifebutchangedhermindafterstudyingeconomics.“Wewantmanyofthesamethingsasliberals–lesspoverty,morehealthcare–buthaveradicallydifferentideasonhowtoachieveit.”
LiberaleconomistDeanBaker,co-founderoftheCenterforEconomicPolicyandRe-search,saysmaleeconomistshavebeenontheinsideoftheprofession,confirmingeachother’santi-regulationviews.Women,asoutsiders,“aremorelikelytothinkindependentlyoratleastseepeopleoutsideoftheeconomicsprofessionasformingtheirpeergroup,”hesays.
Thegenderbalanceineconomicsischanging.One-thirdofeconomicsdoctorates(博士学位)nowgotowomen.“Morediversityisneededatthetablewhenpublicpolicyisdiscussed,”Maysays.
Economistsdoagreeonsomethings.FemaleeconomistsagreewithmenthatEuropehastoomuchregulationandthatWal-martisgoodforsociety.Maleeconomistsagreewiththeirfemalecolleaguesthatmilitaryspendingistoohigh.
Thegendersaremostdivorcedfromeachotheronthequestionofequalityforwomen.Maleeconomistsoverwhelminglythinkthewagegapbetweenmenandwomenislargelytheresultofindividuals’skills,experienceandvoices.Femaleeconomistsoverwhelminglydisagreebyamarginof4-to-1.
Thebiggestdisagreement:
76%ofwomensayfacultyopportunitiesineconomicsfavormen.Maleeconomistspointtheoppositeway:
80%saywomenarefavoredortheprocessisneutral.
56.Whatisthefindingofthenewstudy?
A)Thegenderdivideisabigconcernofthegeneralpublic,
B)Menandwomenunderstandeconomicsquitedifferently,
C)The
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