Constitution Amendments 127.docx
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Constitution Amendments 127.docx
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ConstitutionAmendments127
ConstitutionAmendments1-27
DuringthedebatesontheadoptionoftheConstitution,itsopponentsrepeatedlychargedthattheConstitutionasdraftedwouldopenthewaytotyrannybythecentralgovernment.FreshintheirmindswasthememoryoftheBritishviolationofcivilrightsbeforeandduringtheRevolution.Theydemandeda"billofrights"thatwouldspellouttheimmunitiesofindividualcitizens.SeveralstateconventionsintheirformalratificationoftheConstitutionaskedforsuchamendments;othersratifiedtheConstitutionwiththeunderstandingthattheamendmentswouldbeoffered.
OnSeptember25,1789,theFirstCongressoftheUnitedStatesthereforeproposedtothestatelegislatures12amendmentstotheConstitutionthatmetargumentsmostfrequentlyadvancedagainstit.Thefirsttwoproposedamendments,whichconcernedthenumberofconstituentsforeachRepresentativeandthecompensationofCongressmen,werenotratified.Articles3to12,however,ratifiedbythree-fourthsofthestatelegislatures,constitutethefirst10amendmentsoftheConstitution,knownastheBillofRights.
ConstitutionalAmendments1-10makeupwhatisknownasTheBillofRights.
Amendments11-27arelistedbelow.
AmendmentI
Congressshallmakenolawrespectinganestablishmentofreligion,orprohibitingthefreeexercisethereof;orabridgingthefreedomofspeech,orofthepress;ortherightofthepeoplepeaceablytoassemble,andtopetitiontheGovernmentforaredressofgrievances.
译文:
第一条国会不得制定关于下列事项的法律:
确立国教或禁止信教自由;剥夺言论自由或出版自由;或剥夺人民和平集会和向政府请愿伸冤的权利。
AmendmentII
AwellregulatedMilitiabeingnecessarytothesecurityofafreeState,therightofthepeopletokeepandbearArmsshallnotbeinfringed.
译文:
第二条纪律严明的民兵是保障自由州的安全所必需的,人民持有和携带武器的权利不可侵犯。
AmendmentIII
NoSoldiershall,intimeofpeacebequarteredinanyhouse,withouttheconsentoftheOwner,norintimeofwar,butinamannertobeprescribedbylaw.
译文:
第三条未经房主同意,士兵平时不得驻扎在任何住宅;除依法律规定的方式,战时也不得驻扎。
AmendmentIV
Therightofthepeopletobesecureintheirpersons,houses,papers,andeffects,againstunreasonablesearchesandseizures,shallnotbeviolated,andnoWarrantsshallissue,butuponprobablecause,supportedbyOathoraffirmation,andparticularlydescribingtheplacetobesearched,andthepersonsorthingstobeseized.
译文:
第四条人民的人身、住宅、文件和财产不受无理搜查和扣押的权利,不得侵犯。
除依据可能成立的理由,以宣誓或代誓宣言保证,并详细说明搜查地点和扣押的人或物,不得发出搜查和扣押状。
AmendmentV
Nopersonshallbeheldtoanswerforacapital,orotherwiseinfamouscrime,unlessonapresentmentorindictmentofaGrandJury,exceptincasesarisinginthelandornavalforces,orintheMilitia,wheninactualserviceintimeofWarorpublicdanger;norshallanypersonbesubjectforthesameoffencetobetwiceputinjeopardyoflifeorlimb;norshallbecompelledinanycriminalcasetobeawitnessagainsthimself,norbedeprivedoflife,liberty,orproperty,withoutdueprocessoflaw;norshallprivatepropertybetakenforpublicuse,withoutjustcompensation.
译文:
第五条除非根据大陪审团的报告或起诉书,任何人不受死罪或其他重罪的审判,但发生在陆、海军中或发生在战时或出现公共危险时服役的民兵中的案件除外;任何人不得因同一犯罪行为而两次遭受生命或身体的危害;不得在任何刑事案件中被迫自证其罪;不经正当法律程序,不得被剥夺生命、自由或财产。
不给予公平赔偿,私有财产不得充作公用。
AmendmentVI
Inallcriminalprosecutions,theaccusedshallenjoytherighttoaspeedyandpublictrial,byanimpartialjuryoftheStateanddistrictwhereinthecrimeshallhavebeencommitted,whichdistrictshallhavebeenpreviouslyascertainedbylaw,andtobeinformedofthenatureandcauseoftheaccusation;tobeconfrontedwiththewitnessesagainsthim;tohavecompulsoryprocessforobtainingwitnessesinhisfavor,andtohavetheAssistanceofCounselforhisdefence.
译文:
第六条在一切刑事诉讼中,被告有权由犯罪行为发生地的州和地区的公正陪审团予以迅速和公开的审判,该地区应事先已由法律确定;得知控告的性质和理由;同原告证人对质;以强制程序取得对其有利的证人;并取得律师帮助为其辩护。
AmendmentVII
Insuitsatcommonlaw,wherethevalueincontroversyshallexceedtwentydollars,therightoftrialbyjuryshallbepreserved,andnofacttriedbyajury,shallbeotherwisereexaminedinanyCourtoftheUnitedStates,thanaccordingtotherulesofthecommonlaw.
译文:
第七条在普通法的诉讼中,其争执价额超过二十美元,由陪审团审判的权利应受到保护。
由陪审团裁决的事实,合众国的任何法院除非按照习惯法规则,不得重新审查。
AmendmentVIII
Excessivebailshallnotberequired,norexcessivefinesimposed,norcruelandunusualpunishmentsinflicted.
译文:
第八条不得要求过多的保释金,不得处以过重的罚金,不得施加残酷和非常的惩罚。
AmendmentIX
TheenumerationintheConstitution,ofcertainrights,shallnotbeconstruedtodenyordisparageothersretainedbythepeople.
译文:
第九条本宪法对某些权利的列举,不得被解释为否定或轻视由人民保留的其他权利。
AmendmentX
ThepowersnotdelegatedtotheUnitedStatesbytheConstitution,norprohibitedbyittotheStates,arereservedtotheStatesrespectively,ortothepeople.
译文:
第十条宪法未授予合众国、也未禁止各州行使的权力,由各州各自保留,或由人民保留。
AMENDMENTXI
PassedbyCongressMarch4,1794.RatifiedFebruary7,1795.
Note:
ArticleIII,section2,oftheConstitutionwasmodifiedbyamendment11.
TheJudicialpoweroftheUnitedStatesshallnotbeconstruedtoextendtoanysuitinlaworequity,commencedorprosecutedagainstoneoftheUnitedStatesbyCitizensofanotherState,orbyCitizensorSubjectsofanyForeignState.
AMENDMENTXII
PassedbyCongressDecember9,1803.RatifiedJune15,1804.
Note:
AportionofArticleII,section1oftheConstitutionwassupersededbythe12thamendment.
TheElectorsshallmeetintheirrespectivestatesandvotebyballotforPresidentandVice-President,oneofwhom,atleast,shallnotbeaninhabitantofthesamestatewiththemselves;theyshallnameintheirballotsthepersonvotedforasPresident,andindistinctballotsthepersonvotedforasVice-President,andtheyshallmakedistinctlistsofallpersonsvotedforasPresident,andofallpersonsvotedforasVice-President,andofthenumberofvotesforeach,whichliststheyshallsignandcertify,andtransmitsealedtotheseatofthegovernmentoftheUnitedStates,directedtothePresidentoftheSenate;--thePresidentoftheSenateshall,inthepresenceoftheSenateandHouseofRepresentatives,openallthecertificatesandthevotesshallthenbecounted;--ThepersonhavingthegreatestnumberofvotesforPresident,shallbethePresident,ifsuchnumberbeamajorityofthewholenumberofElectorsappointed;andifnopersonhavesuchmajority,thenfromthepersonshavingthehighestnumbersnotexceedingthreeonthelistofthosevotedforasPresident,theHouseofRepresentativesshallchooseimmediately,byballot,thePresident.ButinchoosingthePresident,thevotesshallbetakenbystates,therepresentationfromeachstatehavingonevote;aquorumforthispurposeshallconsistofamemberormembersfromtwo-thirdsofthestates,andamajorityofallthestatesshallbenecessarytoachoice.[AndiftheHouseofRepresentativesshallnotchooseaPresidentwhenevertherightofchoiceshalldevolveuponthem,beforethefourthdayofMarchnextfollowing,thentheVice-PresidentshallactasPresident,asincaseofthedeathorotherconstitutionaldisabilityofthePresident.--]*ThepersonhavingthegreatestnumberofvotesasVice-President,shallbetheVice-President,ifsuchnumberbeamajorityofthewholenumberofElectorsappointed,andifnopersonhaveamajority,thenfromthetwohighestnumbersonthelist,theSenateshallchoosetheVice-President;aquorumforthepurposeshallconsistoftwo-thirdsofthewholenumberofSenators,andamajorityofthewholenumbershallbenecessarytoachoice.ButnopersonconstitutionallyineligibletotheofficeofPresidentshallbeeligibletothatofVice-PresidentoftheUnitedStates.
*Supersededbysection3ofthe20thamendment.
AMENDMENTXIII
PassedbyCongressJanuary31,1865.RatifiedDecember6,1865.
Note:
AportionofArticleIV,section2,oftheConstitutionwassupersededbythe13thamendment.
Section1.
Neitherslaverynorinvoluntaryservitude,exceptasapunishmentforcrimewhereofthepartyshallhavebeendulyconvicted,shallexistwithintheUnitedStates,oranyplacesubjecttotheirjurisdiction.
Section2.
Congressshallhavepowertoenforcethisarticlebyappropriatelegislation.
AMENDMENTXIV
PassedbyCongressJune13,1866.RatifiedJuly9,1868.
Note:
ArticleI,section2,oftheConstitutionwasmodifiedbysection2ofthe14thamendment.
Section1.
AllpersonsbornornaturalizedintheUnitedStates,andsubjecttothejurisdictionthereof,arecitizensoftheUnitedStatesandoftheStatewhereintheyreside.NoStateshallmakeorenforceanylawwhichshallabridgetheprivilegesorimmunitiesofcitizensoftheUnitedStates;norshallanyStatedepriveanypersonoflife,liberty,orproperty,withoutdueprocessoflaw;nordenytoanypersonwithinitsjurisdictiontheequalprotectionofthelaws.
Section2.
RepresentativesshallbeapportionedamongtheseveralStatesaccordingtotheirrespectivenumbers,countingthewholenumberofpersonsineachState,excludingIndiansnottaxed.ButwhentherighttovoteatanyelectionforthechoiceofelectorsforPresidentandVice-PresidentoftheUnitedStates,RepresentativesinCongress,theExecutiveandJudicialofficersofaState,orthemembersoftheLegislaturethereof,isdeniedtoanyofthemaleinhabitantsofsuchState,beingtwenty-oneyearsofage,*andcitizensoftheUnitedStates,orinanywayabridged,exceptforparticipationinrebellion,orothercrime,thebasisofrepresentationthereinshallbereducedintheproportionwhichthenumberofsuchmalecitizensshallbeartothewholenumberofmalecitizenstwenty-oneyearsofageinsuchState.
Section3.
NopersonshallbeaSenatororRepresentativeinCongress,orelectorofPresidentandVice-President,orholdanyoffice,civilormilitary,undertheUnitedStat
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