英语词汇学复习题5.docx
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英语词汇学复习题5
英语词汇学复习题5
英语词汇学复习题(五)
I.Someofthefollowingstatementsaretrue,andtheothersfalse.MarkyouranswerbywritingTorFonyouranswersheet.(10%)
1. ThegreatmajorityofthebasicwordstockoftheEnglishlanguagearenativewords,thatis,wordsofAnglo-Saxonorigin.
2. Suffixationisdifferentfromconversioninthatitdoesnotchangetheword-classofthebase.
3. Wordsofasemanticfieldaresynonymous.
4. Clippinginvolvesthedeletionofoneormoresyllablesfromaword,whichisalsoavailableinitsfullform.
5. Contentwordshavelexicalmeaningbutnogrammaticalmeaning.
6. Aparticularcharacteristicofcomponentialanalysisisthatitattemptstotreatcomponentsintermsofbinaryopposites.
7. Arootisthebasicunchangeablepart
neutral
13. Ofthefollowingwords,_____isanacronym.
(A)OPEC (B)CIA
(C)stylistic (D)affective
14. Thedefinitionofawordgiveninthedictionaryiscalledits_____meaning.
(A)connotative (B)denotative
(C)stylistic (D)affective
15. Intermsofoppositenessofmeaning,________isapairofconversives.
(A) “deep”and“shallow”
(B) “present”and“absent”
(C) “love”and“hate”
(D) “above”and“below”
16. Inthegroupofwords“ride,run,walk,go,fly”,“go”isa________.
(A)superordinateterm (B)hyponym
(C)subordinateterm (D)hyponymy
17.Theword“success”usedtomean“result,outcome”,nowitmeans“afavorableoutcomeorresult”.Thisisanexampleof__________ofmeaning.
(A)elevation (B)degeneration
(C)extension (D)restriction
18.ThelanguagetheearlyimmigrantsbroughtthemtoAmericawasdifferentfrompresentEnglish;thegreatestdifferenceliesin________.
(A)spelling (B)pronunciation
(C)grammar (D)vocabulary
19._________servesasatypicalexampleofeuphemism.
(A)“Pious”meaning“hypocriticallyvirtuous”
(B)“Amentalhospital”referringto“amadhouse”
(C)“Alandscapearchitect”meaning“agardener”
(D)“Slowlearners”referringto“underachievers”
20. OxfordEnglishDictionaryisa___________dictionary.
(A)pocket (B)medium-size
(C)descriptive (D)prescriptive
III.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingwordsisa A)simpleword,B)compoundword,C)derivedwordorD)shortenedform.Markyouranswerontheanswersheet.(10%)
21.acidhead 26.fashion
22.formal 27.recycle
23.preplant 28.honesty
24.lab 29.phone
25.ready 30.ashtray
IV.Explainthefollowingtermswithappropriateexamples.Doitontheanswersheet.(10%)
31.back-formation
32.polysemy
V.Giveashortanswertothefollowingquestions.Doitontheanswersheet.(30%)
33.Whatisthedifferencebetweenamorphemeandasyllable?
Illustrateyourpointswithexamples.
34.Explainconventionalityandmotivation.Giveexamples.
VI.Givealongeranswer(150-200words)tothefollowingquestion.Doitontheanswersheet.(20%)
35.Contextisveryimportantfortheunderstandingofwordmeaning.Howiscontextclassified?
英语词汇学参考答案(五)
I.Someofthefollowingstatementsaretrue,andtheothersfalse.MarkyouranswerbywritingTorFonyouranswersheet.(10%)
1.T 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.F 6.T 7.T 8.T 9.F 10.T
II.Thefollowingaremultiple-choicequestions.MarkyouranswerbywritingA,B,C,orDonyouranswersheet.(20%)
11.C 12.B 13.A 14.B 15.D
16.A 17.D 18.D 19.B 20.C
III.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingwordsisa A)simpleword,B)compoundword,C)derivedwordorD)shortenedform.Markyouranswerontheanswersheet.(10%)
21.B 26.A
22.C 27.C
23.C 28.C
24.D 29.D
25.A 30.B
IV.Explainthefollowingtermswithappropriateexamples.Doitontheanswersheet.(10%)
31.Back-formationisatermusedtorefertoatypeofword-formationbywhichashorterwordiscoinedbythedeletionofasupposedaffixfromalongerformalreadypresentinthelanguage.Forexample,theverb“resurrect”wasformedfromthenoun“resurrection”byremovingthesupposedderivativesuffix“-ion”.
32.Polysemyisacommonfeaturepeculiartoallnaturallanguages.Therearewordsthathavetwoorthreesenses,andthemostcommonlyusedonescanhaveasmanyasoverahundred.However,whenawordisfirstcoined,itisalwaysmonosemic.Butinthecourseofdevelopment,thesamesymbolmustbeusedtoexpressmoremeanings,theresultispolysemy.Forexample,theword“fair”hasvariousmeanings;(ofresults)average,quitegood”;(ofattitude,behaviour)justandhonest;impartial”;(oftheweather)clearandsunny”;(ofamount)satisfactory,abundant”,etc.
V.Giveashortanswertothefollowingquestions.Doitontheanswersheet.(30%)
33.Whatisthedifferencebetweenamorphemeandasyllable?
Illustrateyourpointswithexamples.
Amorphemeisthesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitofalanguage,notdivisibleoranalyzableintosmallerforms.
Amorphemeisnotidenticalwithasyllable,sincethelatterhadnothingtodowithmeaning.Amorphememayberepresentedbyonesyllable,likeboyandchild,orbytwoormoresyllables,asinla·dy,croc·o·dile,andsal·a·man·der.Oftenthesyllabicstructureofawordanditsmorphemicstructuredonotcorrespond,asshownintheaboveexampleswhereamorphemeisrepresentedbymorethanonesyllable.Anothergoodexampleistheworddisagreeable,whichconsistsoffivesyllablesasagainstthreemorphemes(dis+agree+able).
34.Explainconventionalityandmotivation.Giveexamples.
MostEnglishwordsareconventional,arbitrarysymbols;consequently,thereisnointrinsicrelationbetweenthesoundsymbolanditssense.E.g.thethingcalled“house”inEnglish,iscalledmaisoninFrench,房子(fangzi)inChinese,dominRussian,andcasainSpanish.Amoreconvincingevidenceofconventionalandarbitrarynatureoftheconnectionbetweensoundsymbolandmeaningcanbeillustratedbyasetofhomophones,write,rightandrite.Theyarepronouncedthesamebutconveyentirelydifferentmeanings.
Motivationreferstotheconnectionbetweenwordsymbolanditssense.ThegreatmajorityofEnglishwordsarenonmotivated,sincetheyareconventional,arbitrarysymbols.However,thereisasmallgroupofwordsthatcanbedescribedasmotivated.
Motivationcanariseinthreemajorways:
1.Phoneticmotivation:
wordsphoneticallymotivatedarecalledechoicoronomatopoeicwords,whosepronunciationsuggeststhemeaning.E.g.woofofadog,miaowofacat;2.Morphologicalmotivation:
Awordismorphologicallymotivatedwhenadirectconnectioncanbeobservedbetweenthemorphemicstructureofthewordanditsmeaning.E.g.readablemeans“thatcanberead”,modernizemeans“tomakesthmodern”;3.Semanticmotivation:
referstomotivationbasedonsemanticfactors,itisakindofmentalassociation.E.g.astonyheart,thelegofatable,etc.
VI.Givealongeranswer(150-200words)tothefollowingquestion.Doitontheanswersheet.(20%)welcometohttp:
//www.ciscosky.org
35.Contextisveryimportantfortheunderstandingofwordmeaning.Howiscontextclassified?
Contextcanbeclassifiedintotwomajortypes:
linguisticcontextandextra-linguisticcontext/contextofsituation.
A.Linguisticcontext,whichcanfurtherbedividedintothreetypes:
1)Lexicalcontext:
lexicalcontextreferstothelexicalitemscombinedwithagivenpolysemousword.Forinstance,theverbmakecanbeusedinmanydifferentsenseswhenitiscombinedwithdifferentlexicalitems,e.g.:
Theregulationsweremade(enacted)toprotectchildren.
Wemade(had)agoodlunchbeforeleaving.
Thetrainwasmaking(travelingataspeedof)70milesanhour.
2)Grammaticalcontext:
Ingrammaticalcontext,thesyntacticstructureofthecontextdeterminesvariousindividualmeaningsofapolysemousword.Taketheverbgetforexample;itsmeaningvariesindifferentsyntacticalstructures:
get+n.(meaning“toreceive”):
Igotalettertoday.
Get+adj.(meaning“tobecome”):
He’sgettingbetter.
Get+infinitive(meaning“tosucceedindoing”):
IfIgettoseehim,I’lltellhim.
3)Verbalcontextinitsbroadsense:
theverbalcontext,initsbraodestsense,maycoveranentirepassage,orevenanentirebook,andinsomecaseseventheentiresocialorculturalsetting.
B.Extra-linguisticcontext/Contextofsituation
Besideslinguisticcontext,extra-linguisticcontextorcontextofsituationalsoexertsaconsiderableinfluenceonwordmeaning.Itincludes:
1)Theactualspeechsituationinwhichaword(oranutterance,oraspeechevent)occurs.E.g.thewordoperationmaymean“asurgicaloperation”inthesituationofahospital,astrategicmovementinthesituationofmilitaryactions,orthewayamachineworkswhenrelatedtomechanics.
2)Theentireculturalbackgroundagainstwhichaword,oranutteranceoraspeecheventhastobeset.E.g.thewordpeasantmeanstotallydifferentideasinthewesternandChinesecultures.
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