雅思阅读篇.docx
- 文档编号:6928686
- 上传时间:2023-01-12
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:101
- 大小:112.67KB
雅思阅读篇.docx
《雅思阅读篇.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《雅思阅读篇.docx(101页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
雅思阅读篇
济南新航道学校
IELTSREADING
雅思阅读
高分必备习题集
注:
本习题集仅供济南新航道内部学员使用,严禁翻印,传阅。
Contents
Amateurnaturalist业余自然学家(P3)1.CommunicatingStylesandConflict交流的方式与冲突(P6)2.HealthintheWild野生动物自愈.(p10)3.TheRainmaker人工造雨(P13)4.Shoemaker-Levy9CollisionwithJupiter舒梅克彗星撞木星5.(P16)
Asecondlookattwinstudies双胞胎研究(P19)6.TransitofVenus金星凌日(P22)7.PlaceboEffect—ThePowerofNothing安慰剂效应(P25)8.TheoriginsofLaughter笑的起源(P29)9.RainwaterHarvesting雨水收集(P32)10.Serendipity:
TheAccidentalScientists科学偶然性(P36)11.Terminated!
DinosaurEra!
恐龙时代的终结(P40)12.TVADDICTION电视上瘾(P43)13.EIninoandSeabirds厄尔尼诺和水鸟(P46)14.TheextinctgrassinBritain英国灭绝的某种草(P50)15.Educationphilosophy教育的哲学(P53)16.ThesecretofYawn打哈欠的秘密(P57)17.consecutiveandsimultaneoustranslation交替传译和同声18.传译(P60)
(P63)动物会数数么?
Numeracy:
cananimalstellnumbers?
19.
Goingnowherefast(P66)20.Theseedhunters种子收集者(P69)21.(P72)意大利征服疟疾TheconquestofMalariainItaly22.
READINGPASSAGE1
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40whicharebasedon
ReadingPassage3below.
文章背景:
业余自然学家主要讲述的是有一些人,平时喜欢观察自然界的植物生长,养蜂过程,气候变化,等等与大自然相关的变化并且做记录得到一些数据,这种数据叫做“amateurdata”.本文主要介绍业余自然学家以及一些专业自然学家探讨业余自然学家的数据是否能用,以及应。
该如何使用这些自然学家的数据,其可信度有多少等问题AmateurNaturalists
FromtheresultsofanannualAlaskanbettingcontesttosightingsof
migratorybirds,ecologistsareusingawealthofunusualdatatopredict
theimpactofclimatechange.
ATimSparksslidesasmallleather-boundnotebookoutofanenvelope.The
book'syellowingpagescontainbeekeepingnotesmadebetween1941and1969
bythelateWalterCoatesofKilworth,Leicestershire.Headdsittohis
growingpileoflocaljournals,birdwatchers'listandgardeningdiaries.
“We'reuncoveringaboutonemajornewrecordeachmonth,”hesays,“I
stillgetsurprised.”AroundtwocenturiesbeforeCoates,RobertMarsham,
alandownerfromNorfolkintheeastofEngland,beganrecordingthelife
cyclesofplantsandanimalsonhisestate-whenthefirstwoodanemones
flowered,thedatesonwhichtheoaksburstintoleafandtherooksbegan
nesting.SuccessiveMarshamscontinuedcompilingthesenotesfor211
years.
BToday,suchrecordsarebeingputtousesthattheirauthorscouldnot
possiblyhaveexpected.Thesedatasets,andotherslikethem,areproving
invaluabletoecologistsinterestedinthetimingofbiologicalevents,
orphenology.Bycombiningtherecordswithclimatedata,researcherscan
revealhow,forexample,changesintemperatureaffectthearrivalof
spring,allowingecologiststomakeimprovedpredictionsabouttheimpact
ofclimatechange.Asmallbandofresearchersiscombingthroughhundreds
ofyearsofrecordstakenbythousandsofamateurnaturalists.Andmore
systematicprojectshavealsostartedup,producinganoverwhelming
response.“Theamountofinterestisalmostfrightening,”saysSparks,
aclimateresearcherattheCentreforEcologyandHydrologyinMonksWood,
Cambridgeshire.
CSparksfirstbecameawareofthearmyof“closetphenologists”,ashe
describesthem,whenaretiringcolleaguegavehimtheMarshamrecords.
Henowspendsmuchofhistimefollowingleadsfromonehistoricaldata
settoanother.Asnewsofhisquestspreads,peopletiphimofftoother
historicalrecords,andmoreamateurphenologistscomeoutoftheir
closets.TheBritishdevotiontorecordingandcollectingmakeshisjob
easier-onemanfromKentsenthim30years'worthofkitchencalendars,
onwhichhehasnotedthedatethathisneighbour'smagnoliatree
flowered.
DOtherresearchershaveuneartheddatafromequallyoddsources.Rafe
Sagarin,anecologistatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia,recently
studiedrecordsofabettingcontestinwhichparticipantsattempttoguess
theexacttimeatwhichaspeciallyerectedwoodentripodwillfallthrough
thesurfaceofathawingriver.Thecompetitionhastakenplaceannually
ontheTenanaRiverinAlaskasince1917,andanalysisoftheresultsshowed
thatthethawnowarrivesfiveyearsearlierthanitdidwhenthecontest
began.
EOverall,suchrecordshavehelpedtoshowthat,comparedwith20yearsago,
araftofnaturaleventsnowoccurearlieracrossmuchofthenorthern
hemisphere,fromtheopeningofleavestothereturnofbirdsfrom
migrationandtheemergenceofbutterfliesfromhibernation.Thedatacan
alsohintathownaturewillchangeinthefuture.Togetherwithmodels
ofclimatechange,amateurs'recordscouldhelpguideconservation.Terry
Root,anecologistattheUniversityofMichiganinAnnArbor,has
collectedbirdwatchers'countsofwildfowltakenbetween1955and1996
onseasonalpondsintheAmericanMidwestandcombinedthemwithclimate
dataandmodelsoffuturewarming.Heranalysisshowsthattheincreased
droughtsthatthemodelspredictcouldhalvethebreedingpopulationsat
theponds.“ThenumberofwaterfowlinNorthAmericawillmostprobably
dropsignificantlywithglobalwarming,”shesays.
FButnotallprofessionalsarehappytouseamateurdata.“Alotof
scientistswon'ttouchthem,theysaythey'retoofullofproblems,”
saysRoot.Becausedifferentobserverscanhavedifferentideasofwhat
constitutes,forexample,anopensnowdrop.“Thebiggestconcernwith
adhocobservationsishowcarefullyandsystematicallytheyweretaken,”
saysMarkSchwartzoftheUniversityofWisconsin,Milwaukee,whostudies
theinteractionsbetweenplantsandclimate.”Weneedtoknowpretty
preciselywhataperson'sbeenobserving-iftheyjustsay‘Inotewhen
theleavescameout',itmightnotbethatuseful,”Measuringtheonset
ofautumncanbeparticularlyproblem-aticbecausedecidingwhenleaves
changecolourisamoresubjectiveprocessthannotingwhentheyappear.
GOverall,mostphenologistsarepositiveaboutthecontributionthat
amateurscanmake.“Theygetattherawpowerofscience:
careful
observationofthenaturalworld,”saysSagarin.Buttheprofessionals
alsoacknowledgetheneedforcarefulqualitycontrol.Root,forexample,
triestogaugethequalityofanamateurarchivebyinterviewingits
collector.“Youalwayshavetoworry-thingsastrivialasvacationscan
affectmeasurement.Idisregardalotofrecordsbecausethey'renot
rigorousenough,”shesays.Otherssuggestthattherightstatisticscan
ironoutsomeoftheproblemswithamateurdata.Togetherwithcolleagues
atWageningenUniversityintheNetherlands,environmentalscientist
ArnoldvanVlietisdevelopingstatisticaltechniquestoaccountforthe
amateur
ofenthusiasmtheWithdata.phenologicalamateurinuncertainty
phenologistsevidentfrompastrecords,professionalresearchersarenow
tryingtocreatestandardizedrecordingschemesforfutureefforts.They
hopethatwell-designedstudieswillgenerateavolumeofobservations
largeenoughtodrownouttheidiosyncrasiesofindividualrecorders.The
dataarecheaptocollect,andcanprovidebreadthinspace,timeandrange
ofspecies.“It'sverydifficulttocollectdataonalargegeographical
scalewithoutenlistinganarmyofobservers,”saysRoot.
HPhenologyalsohelpstodrivehomemessagesaboutclimatechange.“Because
thepublicunderstandtheserecords,theyacceptthem,”saysSparks.It
canalsoillustratepotentiallyunpleasantconsequences,headds,such
asthefindingthatmoreratinfestationsarereportedtolocalcouncils
inwarmeryears.Andgettingpeopleinvolvedisgreatforpublicrelations.
“Peoplearethrilledtothinkthatthedatathey'vebeencollectingas
ahobbycanbeusedforsomethingscientific–itempowersthem,”says
Root.
Questions27-33
ReadingPassage3haseightparagraphsA-H
Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation?
WritethecorrectletterA-Hinboxes27-33onyouranswersheet.
27.Thedefinitionofphenology
28.HowSparksfirstbecameawareofamateurrecords
29.Howpeoplereactedtotheirinvolvementindatacollection
30.Thenecessitytoencourageamateurdatacollection
31.Adescriptionofusingamateurrecordstomakepredictions
32.Recordsofacompetitionprovidingcluesforclimatechange
33.Adescriptionofaveryoldrecordcompiledbygenerationsofamateur
naturalists
Questions34-36
CompletethesentencesbelowwithNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthepassage.
Writeyouranswersinboxes34-36onyouranswersheet
34.WalterCoates'srecordslargelycontaintheinformationof.
35.RobertMarshamisfamousforrecordingtheofanimalsandplants
onhisland.
36.Accordingtosomephenologists,globalwarmingmaycausethenumber
ofwaterfowlinNorthAmericatodropsignificantlydueto
increased.
Questions37-40
ChoosethecorrectletterA,B,CorD.
Writeyouranswersinboxes37-40onyouranswersheet.
37.whydoalotofscientistsdiscreditthedatacollectedbyamateurs?
AScientificmethodwasnotusedindatacollection.
BAmateurobserversarenotcarefulinrecordingtheirdata.
CAmateurdataisnotreliable.
Amateurdataisproducedbywrongcandidates.D.
38.MarkSchwartzusedtheexampleofleavestoillustratethat?
AAmateurrecordscan'tbeused.
BAmateurrecordsarealwaysunsystematic.
CThecolorchangeofleavesishardtoobserve.
DValuableinformationisoftenprecise.
39.Howdothescientistssuggestamateurdatashouldbeused?
AUsingimprovedmethods.
BBemorecarefulinobservation.
CUserawmaterials.
DApplyingstatisticaltechniquesindatacollection.
40.What'stheimplicationofphenologyforordinarypeople?
AItempowersthepublic.
BItpromotespublicrelations.
CItwarnspeopleofanimalinfestation.
DItraise
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 雅思 阅读