电气专业变电所设计外文翻译.docx
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电气专业变电所设计外文翻译.docx
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电气专业变电所设计外文翻译
附 录
附录A 外文资料
DesignofMv/LvSubstationTransformer
Abstract:
Asubstationisapartofanelectricalgeneration,transmission,anddistributionsystem.Substationsgenerallyhaveswitching,protectionandcontrolequipment,andtransformers.ThelowvoltagedistributionnetworksaresuppliedfromMV/LVsubstationtransformerthatrepresentthelaststepofbringingtransformationtothelowvoltageandensuringtheprotectionandmonitoringofthenetwork.TherearethreetypesofMV/LVsubstation:
pole-mountedtransformersubstation,thesubstationinanenvelopeandsubstationinmasonry.ThispaperpresentsageneraldescriptionfordifferentMV/LVsubstationandamethodologytodesignthevariouselementsmakingupthepublicdistributionsubstation(choiceoftheemplacement,engineering,powertransformer,choiceofMVcells,circuitbreakers,fuses,disconnectswitch,conductors,...etc).
Keywords:
SubstationtransformerMVcellsSubstationinmasonry
Pole-mountedtransformersubstation
1.Introduction
Asubstationisapartofanelectricalgeneration,trans-mission,anddistributionsystem.Substationstransformvoltagefromhightolow,orthereverse,orperformanyofseveralotherimportantfunctions.Electricpowermayflowthroughseveralsubstationsbetweengeneratingplantandconsumer,anditsvoltagemaychangeinseveralsteps.Substationsgenerallyhaveswitching,protectionandcontrolequipment,andtransformers.Distributioncircuitsarefedfromatransformerlocatedinanelectricalsubstation,wherethevoltageisreducedfromthehighvaluesusedforpowertransmission.
Distributionnetworksaretypicallyoftwotypes,radialorinterconnected.Aradialnetworkleavesthestationandpassesthroughthenetworkareawithnonormalconnectiontoanyothersupply.Thisistypicaloflongrurallineswithisolatedloadareas.Aninterconnectednetworkisgenerallyfoundinmoreurbanareasandwillhavemultipleconnectionstootherpointsofsupply.Thesepointsofconnectionarenormallyopenbutallowvariouscon-figurationsbytheoperatingutilitybyclosingandopeningswitches.Operationoftheseswitchesmaybebyre-motecontrolfromacontrolcenterorbyalineman.Thebenefitoftheinterconnectedmodelisthatintheeventofafaultorrequiredmaintenanceasmallareaofnetworkcanbeisolatedandtheremainderkeptonsupply.
TheMV/LVsubstationsareanodeofanetwork,whichincludesasetofequipmentdesignedtoprotectandfacilitatetheoperationoftheelectricalenergy.TheMV/LVsubstationsprovidetheinterfacebetweenthedistributionMVandLV.TheMV/LVadaptstoallmodesofoperationandwhyshouldfulfillthefollowingfunctions:
●DistributethepowerandprotecttheLVdepartures;
●IsolatetheMV/LVsubstationincaseofdefault;
●ManagetheMVnetworkincaseofdefaultandthepositionbyremotecontrol.
MV/LVsubstationtransformerhastwopurposes:
-Theinterconnectionbetweenthelinesofthesamevoltagelevel,ithelpstodistributethepowerofthedifferentlinesfromsubstations.
-Thetransformationofelectricalpower,processorscanswitchbetweenvoltagelevelstoanother.
So,wecanclassifytheMV/LVsubstationsoverthenetworksonwhichtheyareusedaswellasthefunctionstheyperform.TherealizationofMV/LVsubstationsneedspriorknowledge:
●Standardsofreferenceandstatutoryinstruments(voltage,qualityofsupply,short-circuitpower,...,etc);
●Needstobeperforming(powerplantavailability,operation);
●Specificneeds-relateduses(voltagevariationstolerated,compensationofreactivepower,immunitytointerferencereceivers,regulationsrelatedtofacilitysecurity);
●Constraints,installationandenvironment.
ThispaperpresentsthedifferentMV/LVsubstationtransformerandamethodologytodesignthevariouselementsmakingupthepublicdistributionsubstation.
2.TheBirthofMV/LVSubstationTransformer
ThedecisionofaMVorLVsupplywilldependonlocalcircumstancesandconsiderationssuchasthosementionedabove,andwillgenerallybeimposedbytheutilityforthedistrictconcerned.WhenadecisiontosupplypoweratMVhasbeenmade,therearetwowidely-followedmethodsofproceeding:
●Thepower-supplierconstructsastandardsubstationclosetotheconsumer’spremises,buttheMV/LVtransformerislocatedintransformerchamberinsidethepremises,closetotheloadcentre.
●Theconsumerconstructsandequipshisownsubstationonhisownpremises,towhichthepowersuppliermakestheMVconnection.
2.1.ProjectStudies
Theconsumermustprovidecertaindatatotheutilityattheearlieststageoftheproject.thepower-suppliermustindicate:
●Thetypeofpowersupplyproposed,anddefinethekindofpower-supplysystem:
overheadlineorunder-ground-cablenetwork,theserviceconnectiondetails:
single-lineservice,ring-maininstallation,orparallelfeeders,andthepower(kVA)limitandfaultcurrent.
●Thenominalvoltageandratedvoltage(Highestvolt-ageforequipment)
●Meteringdetailswhichdefine:
Thecostofconnectiontothepowernetworkandtariffdetails(consumptionandstandingcharges).
2.2.Implementation
Beforeanyinstallationworkisstarted,theofficialagreementofthepower-suppliermustbeobtained.Therequestforapprovalmustincludethefollowinginformation,largelybasedonthepreliminaryexchangesnotedabove:
●Locationoftheproposedsubstation;
●Single-linediagramofpowercircuitsandconnections,togetherwithearthing-circuitproposals;
●Fulldetailsofelectricalequipmenttobeinstalled,includingperformancecharacteristics;
●Layoutofequipmentandprovisionformeteringcomponents;
●Arrangementsforpower-factorimprovementifrequired;
●Arrangementsprovidedforemergencystandbypowerplant(MVorLV)ifeventuallyrequired.
●Prefabricatedsubstations.
3.ClassificationofMv/LvSubstationTransformerBirth
Substationstransformermaybeclassifiedaccordingtometeringarrangements(MvorLv)andtypeofsupply(overheadlineorundergroundcable),Substationstransformerareclassifiedintothreetypes:
●Substationinmasonry:
Installedinadedicatedenclosureprefabricatedornot,withindoorequipment(switchgearandtransformer);
●Polemounted(S≤160kVA)withdedicatedoutdoorequipment(switchgearandtransformer);
●Prefabricatedsubstations.
3.1.PoleMountedSubstations
ThesesubstationsaremainlyusedtosupplyisolatedruralconsumersfromMVoverheadlinedistributionsystems.Inthistypeofsubstation,mostoften,theMVtransformerprotectionisprovidedbyfuses.
Thekindsofoutdoorsubstationarecommoninsomecountries,basedonweatherproofequipmentexposedtotheelements.Thepolemountedsubstationistheeasiest,itisusedincaseswherethepowertransformerislessthanorequalto160KVA.
3.2.PrefabricatedSubstations
Prefabricatedsubstationsprovideaparticularlysimple,rapidandcompetitivechoice.TheMV/LVprefabricatedaremadeusing:
MVcells,transformer…etc,groupedinanenvelopewhoseroleistheprotectionofinternalequipmentagainstexternalinfluencesandtoensureadegreeofprotectionagainstthepublic.Theprefabricatedsubstationsaremanufactured,wiredandtestedatthemanufacturer,bringingthetransformer,theLVandMVswitchgear,connectionsandauxiliaryequipmentlimitthestudytimeandachievement.Thetransformerandswitchgearareassembledinametalcase,thestartisdonebyairlineorunderground,thesesubstationsareverycompactandtheirimplementationisveryfast,oneofthebest-knownbenefits:
●Simplifiedcivilengineering(platformonly);
●Immediateavailability;
●Limitedspaceandtime.
●Theprefabricatedsubstationistransportedbytruck.Itisplacedonaconcreteslab.
3.3.MasonrySubstation
OperatingadistributionnetworksometimesrequiresswitchingpointsinadditiontotheHV/MVsubstations,inordertolimittheeffectofafaultonthenetwork.Distributionsubstationsinmasonrymaybeclassifiedintothreetypes:
●PublicDistributionsubstations(DP);
●DistributionsubstationswithLVmetering(S≤630kVA);
●DistributionsubstationswithMVmeteringcalledspecificsubstations(atransformerwhosepowerS>630kVAorseveraltransformers).
4.DesignofPublicDistrubutionSubstation
Publicdistributionsubstationswithprefabricatedcellsmetalisdonewithcellseachfulfillingafunction.Thepublicdistributionsubstationincludes:
●02incomingpanels,
●Fuse-switchcombinationorfusedswitch;
●FaultdetectorforMVunderground;
●LVcircuitbreaker(Tableofpublicdistribution);
●PowerTransformer100,160,250,400.630KVA;
●Cellpowertransformer(closingmetal);
●Safetyequipment;
●Boxesofdeflector;
●Boxesendexternalandinternal;
●MVcableandlugs;
●Sparefuses;
5.Conclusion
Inthispaper,wepresentedasynthesisofthevariousMV/LVsubstationtransformer,wehaveexplainedbelowthevariousdocumentsconstitutingtechnicalstudy,adetailedstudyofthepublicdistributionsubstationsOperatingadistributionnetworkrequiresswitchingpointsinadditiontotheMV/LVsubstations,inordertolimittheeffectofafaultonthenetwork.TobuildaMV/LVsubstationtransformer,itisnecessarytosizeanumberofparameterstoachievetheappropriatewiringdiagram.Thedevelopmentofthesecomponentsmustmeetcertainconditionsdictatedbythedualconcernforthesafetyofoperationandloweroperatingcosts.Theseconstructionconditionscanbeclassifiedintoconditionsrelatedtotension,conditionsrelatingtothethermaleffectsofthecurrent,andconditionsrelatingtothesafetyofoperatingpersonnel.
From:
2013.51b004Publish
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