英国文学史复习大纲.docx
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英国文学史复习大纲.docx
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英国文学史复习大纲
HistoryandanthologyofEnglishliterature:
(altogether7topics,thissemester6topics;5th---1900,over1400years)
TheOldEnglishandMiddleEnglishperiod(Chapter1,2)
TheElizabethanage(Chapters3,4)
The17thcentury(Chapter5)
Theclassic18thcentury(Chapters6,7,8)
TheRomanticperiod(Chapters9,10)
TheVictorianage(Chapters11-18)
>
The20thcentury(Chapters19-26)
TheOldEnglishandMiddleEnglishperiod(5th---1066,)
1theOldEnglishperiod
Beowulf:
*paganheroism异教徒的英雄主义andfatalism宿命论aremingledwithChristianqualities.
#
*Thepoetshopethattheevilshouldbepunished,andtherighteouswillberewarded.
*It’saheroicScandinavianepiclegendtoldintheEnglishlanguage.
literaryterms:
epic,alliteration
2theMiddleEnglishperiod
literaryterm:
romance
GeoffreyChaucer:
TheCanterburyTales
Chaucer chose the metrical form which laid the foundation of the English tonico-syllabic verse.乔叟第一次在英国用韵脚韵律诗形式来创作诗歌,开创了英国文学以重音-音节为基础的格律诗先河。
首创heroic couplet英雄双行体
@
TheElizabethanage()
---agoldenageofpoetryanddrama
---theageofEnglishRenaissance
1Poetry:
*PhilipSidney/
AstrophelandStellaloveromance
《爱星者和星星》,表达了他初恋时的激情以及如何经过斗争,克制自己,献身于公职。
~
itwasafterSidney’sAstrophelandStellathatthesonnetsequence十四行诗系列becamepopularinEngland.ItinspiredotherElizabethanpoets,includingShakespeare,towritesimilarsequences.
*EdmundSpenser:
TheFaerieQueenUsing Spenserian Stanza=ababbcbcc/allegory讽喻
*Shakespeare:
154sonnets,Sonnet18
Literaryterm:
sonnet:
alyricpoemcontainingfourteenlineswritteniniambicpentameter
lyric:
iambicpentameter
《
2Drama:
“UniversityWits”大学精英
*ChristopherMarlowe克里斯托弗·马洛:
把blank verse无韵诗作为英语戏剧主要表达方式的开创者
the pioneer of English drama(完善了无韵体诗。
)
TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus浮士德博士的悲剧
;
*WilliamShakespeare:
fourgreatesttragedies
Hamlet:
“Tobe,ornottobe”
Macbeth
Four Tragedies:
Literaryterms:
monologue>soliloquy√√
Monologue(独白)Asinglepersonspeaking,withorwithoutanaudience,isutteringamonologue.Thedramaticmonologueisthenamegiventoaspecifickindofpoeminwhichasingleperson,notthepoet,isspeaking.
DramaticMonologue(戏剧独白)Apoeminwhichapoeticspeakeraddresseseitherthereaderoraninternallisteneratlength.Itissimilartothesoliloquyintheater,inthatbothadramaticmonologueandasoliloquyofteninvolvetherevelationoftheinnermostthoughtsandfeelingsofthespeaker.TwofamousexamplesareBrowning’s“MyLastDuchess”.
】
*BenJonson本·琼生
①
②
Literaryterm:
“threeunities”classicalunities三一律
三一律规定剧本创作必须遵守时间、地点和行动(情节)的一致,即一部剧本只允许写单一的故事情节,戏剧行动必须发生在一天之内和一个地点。
法国古典主义戏剧理论家布瓦洛把它解释为“要用一地、一天内完成的一个故事从开头直到末尾维持着舞台充实。
”
(
3Prose:
ThomasMore托马斯•莫尔1478~1535:
Utopia[ju:
'təupiə]乌托邦
FrancisBacon:
The first English essayist
58essays,OfStudies培根随笔集-论学习
ThethemeofOfStudies:
usesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies.
The17thcentury
@
---theageofRevolutionandRestoration
---literarymood:
gloomy,pessimistic
---changesofliterarytaste
---“fourJohns”:
JohnDonne,JohnMilton,JohnDryden,JohnBunyan
1Poetry:
JohnDonne---therepresentativeoftheMetaphysicalSchool:
(主题:
love, religious, thought)Artistic features:
1. conceits or imagery奇思妙喻 2. syllogism三段论
^
JohnMilton:
ParadiseLostepic
2Drama:
*comedyofmanners风俗喜剧
/themorerealisticandoftensatiricalcomedyoftheRestorationperiod.
/Satireisitsmainattraction.
/presentedratherthanreallifeindivuals.
《
*JohnDryden:
“pruneandtrim”theElizabethanlanguage
“thefatherofEnglishcriticism”(bySamuelJohnson)
3Prose:
JohnBunyan:
ThePilgrim’sProgress天路历程allegory讽喻
与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作
Theclassic18thcentury
?
---theageofEnlightenment
Threemaindivisions:
1Neoclassicism新古典主义
heroiccouplet(poetry)
threeunities(drama)
Literaryterm:
heroiccouplet:
linesofiambicpentameterthatrhymeinpairs(aa,bb,cc)英雄双韵体
在英语诗歌史上,双韵体诗由乔叟最先启用,后经斯宾塞,马洛等人发展,再由德莱顿弘扬,最后经蒲柏的完善扩充,形式更为整齐优美,节奏更跌宕变化。
这种“英雄双韵体”在诗歌艺术中达到了神韵独步千古的境界,成为英国诗歌史上的最高成就。
{
tworepresentativesofNeoclassicism:
*AlexanderPope亚历山大·蒲柏(英国诗人):
EssayonMan双韵体长诗《论人》
1)(18世纪英国最伟大的诗人,其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/ “ heroic couplets”。
词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。
)
2)As a representative of the Enlightenment,Pope was one of the first to introduce Rationalism理性主义 to England....
*SamuelJohnson:
《英语大辞典》ADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage
2Pre-romanticism前浪漫主义/新古典主义后期
*ThomasGray格雷英国18世纪重要抒情诗人
】
:
ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard《墓畔挽歌》
*WilliamBlake威廉·布雷克(英国诗人和画家):
SongsofInnocenceA happy and innocent world from children‟s eye.“The Chimney Sweeper” sees his situation through the eyes of innocence and does not understand the social injustice.
SongsofExperienceA word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a
melancholy tone from men eyes./the boy in the poem sees the injustice and speaks against the establishments that left him where he is.
总:
neither innocence nor experience is a correct view and that one completes the other.
*RobertBurns罗伯特·彭斯:
ARed,RedRose
(Scottishnationalpoet,mixtureofEnglishandScottishdialect)
/
苏格兰农民诗人,诗人生活在破产的农村,和贫苦的农民血肉相连。
他的诗歌歌颂了故国家乡的秀美,抒写了劳动者纯朴的友谊和爱情。
3theriseofEnglishnovel
*DanielDefoe丹尼尔·笛福:
RobinsonCrusoe 鲁宾逊漂流记
he is the founder of realistic novel.十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人
*JonathanSwift:
Gulliver’sTravels《格列佛游记》
Henry Fielding亨利•菲尔丁1707~1754
`
(英国小说家,戏剧家,被誉为“英国小说之父” 。
)
He is called “Father of English novel”. He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”(散文体史诗), and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.
TheRomanticperiod(1798~1837)
Romanticism:
It emphasize the specialqualitie of each individual‟s mind.(人应该是独立自由的个体)
---agreatperiodforpoetry
Neoclassicismvs.Romanticism
1theLakePoets(theLakers)湖畔诗人(英国18世纪末到19世纪初浪漫主义诗歌流派)
!
WilliamWordsworth
SamuelColeridge ['kəulridʒ]柯勒律治
他们也是英国文学中最早出现的浪漫主义作家。
他们喜爱大自然,描写宗法制农村生活,厌恶资本主义的城市文明和冷酷的金钱关系,他们远离城市,隐居在昆布兰湖区和格拉斯米尔湖区,由此得名“湖畔派”。
WilliamWordsworth:
IWanderedLonelyasaCloud
“Allgoodpoetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings.”
TheWorldIsTooMuchWithUspage41
他认为“所有的好诗都是强烈情感的自然流露”(poetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings)
)
Wordsworthillustratesthroughhissonnetthatwhilemanisconsistently始终surroundedbymaterialgoodsandpossessions,itisnatureinitspurityandinabilitytobeownedthatthesoulistrulyinspired
2theSatanicSchool
GeorgeByron:
DonJuan
SheWalksinBeauty
“Byronic hero” is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical专横的 rules or moral principles.
PercyShelley珀西雪莱:
PrometheusUnbound解放了的普罗米修斯Theme:
the drama celebrates man’s victory over tyranny and oppression
OdetotheWestWind西风颂
JohnKeats约翰·济慈:
OdeonaGrecianUrn希腊古瓮颂(济慈诗歌)
~
Odetoa Nightingale夜莺颂
“美即是真,真即是美”是他的著名诗句。
TheVictorianage(1837~1901)
---agoldenageofnovel
1Poetry:
RobertBrowning勃郎宁:
MyLastDuchess
“dramaticmonologue”戏剧独白
(
2Drama:
OscarWilde奥斯卡·王尔德:
the“AestheticMovement”Art for Art’s Sake唯美主义文艺思潮
BernardShaw(英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家)critical realistic dramatist
:
Pygmalion[piɡ'meiljən] 卖花女(英国萧伯纳之作品人物)
3Novel:
,
criticalrealism
JaneAusten:
PrideandPrejudice
SenseandSensibility
CharlotteBronte夏洛蒂·勃朗特:
JaneEyre
EmilyBronte艾米莉•勃朗特:
WutheringHeights呼啸山庄
GeorgeEliot乔治•艾略特
CharlesDickens:
DavidCopperfield;GreatExpectations
?
WilliamThackeray萨克雷:
VanityFair名利场
ThomasHardy小说多以农村生活为背景;自然主义小说家。
Wessex novels; novels of character and environment
:
TessoftheD’Urbervilles德伯家的苔丝Theme:
experience is as to intensity, and not as to duration
《德伯家的苔丝》是哈代的代表作,是“威塞克斯系列”中的一部。
它描写了一位农村姑娘的悲惨命运。
哈代在小说的副标题中称女主人公为“一个纯洁的女人”,公开地向维多利亚时代虚伪的社会道德挑战。
Workstostudyindetail:
(
1WilliamShakespeare—Hamlet'ssoliloquy;Macbeth;Sonnet18;
2FrancisBacon—OfStudies;
3RobertBurns—ARed,RedRose;
4WilliamBlake—TheChimneySweeper;
5WilliamWordsworth—IWalkedLonelyasaCloud;
《我好似一朵流云独自漫游》又叫《云中漫步》
TheWorldisTooMuchwithUs;page41
6GeorgeByron—SheWalksinBeauty;
?
7JaneAusten—PrideandPrejudice;
8JonathanSwift—Gulliver’sTravels,
9Dickens—GreatExpectations远大前程(狄更斯的经典名著)
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
By William Wordsworth
1
~
I wandered lonely as a cloud 我好似一朵孤独的流云, (Simile)
That floats on high o'er vales and hills,高高地飘游在山谷之上, (Simile)
When all at once I saw a crowd,突然我看见一大片鲜花, (Personification/Metaphor)
A host, of golden daffodils;是金色的水仙遍地开放,
Beside the lake, beneath the trees, 它们开在湖畔,开在树下, (alliteration)
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.它们随风嬉舞,随风波荡。
(Personification/Metaphor
2
Continuous as the stars that shine 它们密集如银河的星星,
.
And twinkle on the milky way, 像群星在闪烁一片晶莹; (一二两行Simile/hyperbole)
They stretched in never-ending line 它们沿着海湾向前伸展,
Along the margin of a bay:
通往远方仿佛无穷无尽; (三四两行Simile/hyperbole)
Ten thousand saw I at a glance, 一眼看去就有千朵万朵,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance..万花摇首舞得多么高兴。
(personification)
表明了美丽的水仙花开遍大地,显示出它们旺盛的生命力vitality,同时也暗示了诗人对人生价值的渴求以及对美好生活的向往。
3
'
The waves beside them danced; but they粼粼湖波也在近旁欢跳, (personification)
Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
却不如这水仙舞得轻俏; (personification)
A poet could not but be gay;诗人遇见这快乐的旅伴,
In such a jocund company;又怎能不感到欣喜雀跃;
I gazed—and gazed
—but little thought我久久凝视——却未领悟
What wealth the show to me had brought:
...这景象所给我的精神之宝。
4
For oft when on my couch I lie后来多少次我郁郁独卧,
In vacant or in pensi
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