六级听力练习iv录音文字.docx
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六级听力练习iv录音文字.docx
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六级听力练习iv录音文字
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,youwillheartwolongtheendofeachconversation,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyyouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
ConversationOne
W:
Today'sgueston"ScienceUpdate"isDavidBrown.Dr.Brown,youandyourteamhavefoundbacteriafarbelowtheEarth'ssurface.Youmustbethrilledaboutyourdiscovery.
M:
Well,yes,it'sveryexciting.Foralongtimewe'dsuspectedthepresenceofsuchorganisms,butwelackedsubstantialevidence.
W:
Howdidyouconfirmtheexistenceofthebacteria
M:
Well,technologyhelped.Ourdrillingtechniqueshaveimprovedsignificantly,andsotheriskthatsurfacebacteriacouldbemistakenforthosefoundatmuchgreaterdepthwasreduced.Withthenewtechniques,wecouldgetmuchdeeperintotheEarth.
W:
Howfardowndidyouactuallyget
M:
Inonecase,aboutthreekilometers.Weweresurprised,Imusttellyou,thattherewereorganismsthatfardown.
W:
Youknow,itsoundslikefiction,somethinglikealostworld.
M:
Let'scallitahiddenbiosphere,andit'sprobablyaveryextensiveone.
Themassofthelivingorganismsbelowthesurfacemaybeequalinsizetothemassofthesurfacebacteria.
W:
Haveyoufoundanyuniquelife-forms
M:
Yes.We'vefoundaveryspecialorganism.Let'scallitType-Abacterium.Itcanliveandgrowonlywherethereisnooxygen.
W:
Isthereanydangerofthesebacteriainfectingpeoplewhenyoubringthemtothesurface
M:
Thesebacteriawereadaptedtoanenvironmentthat'scompletelydifferentfromhumans'.That'stosay,theycouldnotsurviveinourenvironment.Sowereallydon'tneedtoworryaboutthesebacteriacausingillnessinpeople.
Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
1.WhathaveDr.Brownandhisteamdiscovered
2.WhathelpstoconfirmtheexistenceofbacteriabelowtheEarth'ssurface
3.Howdeepdowndidthemanfindthebacteria
4.Whydoesthemansaythereisnodangerofinfectionbythebacteriabroughttosurface
ConversationTwo
W:
Ihaven'tseenyouhereforacoupleweeks.Haveyoustoppedeatingorsomething
M:
No.DoesitlooklikeI'vestoppedeatingI'vebeenspendingalotoftimeinthelibrary.
W:
Workingonapaper
M:
IwishIwasworkingonapaper!
I'mworkingonthreedifferentpapers:
anthropology,Englishliterature,andhistory.
W:
Wow,thatisalotofwork.
M:
Yeah,andwhat'sfrustratingisthatI'mstudyingthenineteenthcenturyBritishEmpireinallthreeclasses,butIcan'tjustwriteasinglepaperforallthree.
W:
Whynot
M:
Theprofessorswon'tletmeevenifImakeitthreetimesaslongasthesuggestedlength.
W:
That'stoobad.Couldyouwriteyourpapersonthreeaspectsofonetopic
M:
Hmm.WhatdoyoumeanDoyouhavesomethinginmind
W:
Well,let'ssee.Hmm...MaybeyoucoulddosomethingwithRomanticism,like,oh...writeyouranthropologypaperontheculturalbasisofRomanticism,and,uh,yourhistorypaperontheinfluenceoftheRomanticpoetsonBritishforeignpolicy,and,OK,andyourEnglishpaperonananalysisofsomeRomanticpoems.
M:
Hey,that'snotabadidea!
I'vealreadystartedtheresearchforoneofthepapers,soIcanusethat.WhatcanIdotorepayyou
W:
Youwanttowriteupmychemistrypaperforme
M:
I'dloveto,butI'venevertakenchemistry,soI'mnotsureyou'dliketheresults.
W:
Ohwell,nothanksnecessarythen.I'lldoitmyself.Haveagoodweekend,andtrytogetoutofthelibraryandgetsomesleep.Youhavebigcirclesunderyoureyes.
M:
OK,I'lltry.Seeyoulater.
Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
5.Whathasthemanbeenbusydoingrecently
6.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemandotomakehisworkeasier
7.WhydoesthewomanmentionRomanticism
8.Whydoesn'tthemanwanttohelpthewoman
SectionB
Directions:
Inthissection,youwillheartwotheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomethepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyyouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Ihopeyouhaveallfinishedreadingtheassignedchapteroninsurance-sothatyou'repreparedforourdiscussiontoday.But,beforewestart,I'dliketomentionafewthingsyourtextdoesn'tgointo.
It'sinterestingtonotethatinsurancehasexistedinsomeformforaverylongtime.Theearliestinsurancepoliciesprovidedshippingprotectionformerchantsasfarbackas3000B.C.
Ingeneral,thecontractswereoftennomorethanverbalagreements.Theygrantedloanstomerchantswiththeunderstandingthatifaparticularshipmentofgoodswaslostatsea,theloandidn'thavetoberepaid.Interestontheloansvariedaccordingtohowriskyitwastotransportthegoods.Duringperiodsofheavypiracyatsea,forexample,theamountofinterestandthecostofthepolicywentupconsiderably.So,youcanseehowinsurancehelpedencourageinternationaltrade.Eventhemostcautiousmerchantsbecamewillingtoriskshippingtheirgoodsoverlongdistances-nottomentioninhazardousweatherconditions-whentheyhadthiskindofprotectionavailable.
Generallyspeaking,thebasicformofaninsurancepolicyhasbeenprettymuchthesamesincetheMiddleAges.Therearefourpointsthatwereprominentthenandremaindominantinallpoliciestoday.Thesewereoutlinedinchaptersixandwillserveasthebasisfortherestoftoday'sdiscussion.
Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
9.Whowerethefirstinsurancecontractsdesignedtoprotect
10.Whatdeterminedtheinterestontheloans
11.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutcurrentinsurancepolicies
PassageTwo
Milkwasabasicfoodofmanlongbeforehistorywaswritten.Itwillprobablykeeponbeingoneaslongasthereareanimalsthatgivemilk.
Manyancientpeoplethoughtthatmilkhadgreathealingpower.OneofthemostfamousGreekdoctorstoldhispatientstodrinkmilktocureillness.
Formorethantwohundredyearsmostpeoplegottheirmilkfromtheirowncattleorfromanearbydairyherd.Butintimenewinventionsmadethedairyindustryabigbusiness.In1851GailBorden,founderofamilkcompany,foundawaytotakesomeofthewateroutofmilk.Thismadeitkeepmuchlonger.Fouryearslater,LouisPasteurintroducedthepasteurizationprocess.Thisprocesskilledthebacteriainmilkthatcausedittospoil.Next,aspecialmilkbottlewasdesigned.Thiswasfollowedbytheinventionofmachinesthatcouldfillbottlesandcapthemautomatically.Thesediscoverieshadagreateffectonthedairyindustry.Theymeantthatmilkcouldbestoredlonger.Itcouldbesafelyshippedoverlongdistances.Preparinganddistributingmilksoonbecamealarge-scalebusiness.Recently,inasingleyearmorethansixtybillionquartsofmilkweresoldintheUnitedStates.
SomepeoplebelievethatmilkdrinkingwillbecomelesspopularinAmericathanithasbeen.Butrememberhowlongmilkhasbeenabasicfoodandthinkofthemanywaysinwhichitisuseful.Itseemssafetosaythatthemilkindustrywillalwaysbeimportant.
Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
12.Whatdidancientpeoplethinkaboutmilk
13.Whydidmilkbecomeabigbusiness
14.Whatinventionmademilkkeeplongerin1851
15.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkofthemilkindustryinthefuture
SectionC
Directions:
Inthissection,youwillhearrecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbysomerecordingswillbeplayedonlyyouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Nowlistentothefollowingrecordingandanswerquestions16to19.
Fiftyyearsago,whenIbeganexploringtheocean,nooneimaginedthatwecoulddoanythingtoharmtheoceanbywhatweputintoitorbywhatwetookoutofit.Itseemed,atthattime,tobeaseaofparadise,butnowweknowthatwearefacingparadiselost.
Iwanttosharewithyoumypersonalviewofchangesintheseathataffectallofus,andtoconsiderwhyitmattersthatin50years,we'velost---actually,we'vetaken,we'veeaten---morethan90percentofthebigfishinthesea;whyyoushouldcarethatnearlyhalfofthecoralreefshavedisappeared;whyareductionofoxygeninlargeareasofthePacificshouldconcernnotonlythecreaturesthataredying,butitreallyshouldconcernyou.Itdoesconcernyou,aswell.
Therewasstilltime.Well,nowisthattime.Ihopeforyourhelptoexploreandprotectthewildoceaninwaysthatwillrestorethehealthand,insodoing,securehopeforhumankind.Healthtotheoceanmeanshealthforus.
Forme,asascientist,itallbeganin1953whenIfirsttriedunderwaterbreathingdevice.It'swhenIfirstgottoknowhowfishswimminginmysteriousocean.Iactuallylovedivingatnight;youseealotoffishthenthatyoudon'tseeinthedaytime.Sincethen,I'vestarteddesigningandbuilding13underwatersystemstoaccessthedeepsea.Iledafive-yearNationalGeographicexpedition,theSustainableSeasexpeditions,usingtheselittlesubmarines.They'resosimpletodrivethatevenascientistcandoit.AndI'mlivingproof.
Overtime,mostoftheplanet'sorganiccarbonhasbeenabsorbedandstoredthere.Theoceandrivesclimateandweather,stabilizestemperature,shapesEarth'schemistry.Waterfromtheseaprovideshomeforabout97percentoflifeinthewor
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