陶洁版美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案解析.docx
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陶洁版美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案解析.docx
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陶洁版美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案解析
美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案陶洁(部分)
Unit1BenjaminFranklin
Questions
1.WhydidFranklinwritehisAutobiography?
Franklinsaysthatbecausehissonmaywishtoknowabouthislife,heistakinghisoneweekvacationintheEnglishcountrysidetorecordhispast.Healsosaysthathehasenjoyedhislifeandwouldliketorepeatit
2.WhatmadeFranklindecidetoleavethebrothertowhomhehadbeenapprenticed?
Hisbrotherwaspassionate,andhadoftenbeatenhim.Theaversiontoarbitrarypowerthathasstucktohimthroughhiswholelife.Afterabrushwiththelaw,Franklinlefthisbrother.
3.HowdidhearriveinPhiladephia?
FirsthesetoutinaboatforAmboy,theboatdroppedhimoffabout50milesfromBurlington,thenextdayhereached
Burlingtononfoot,inBurlingtonhefoundaboatwhichwasgoingtowardsPhiladelphia,hearrivedthereabouteight
MarketStreetwharf.
selection?
ItisthepatternofPuritansimplicity,directness,and
易懂的),the
朴素的).
concision(言简意赅).Thenarrativeislucid(structureissimple,theimageryishomely(
Unit2EdgarAllenPoe
1.Whoisthenarrator?
Whatwrongdoeshewanttoredress?
Montresor.
Fortunato,oneofwineexpertsinsultedhim,sohewantedtomurderhim.
2.WhatisthepretextheusestolureFortunatotohiswinecellar?
HebaitsFortunatobytellinghimhehasobtainedwhathebelievestobeacaskofAmontilladoarareandvaluablesherrywine.
Fortunatoisanxioustodeterminewhetherornotitistruly
Amontillado,sohegoestothevaultwithMontresor.
3.WhathappenstoFortunatointheend?
Hewaswalledupalivebehindbricksinawinecellar.
4.DescribebrieflyhowPoecharacterizesMontresorand
Fortunatoascontrasts?
Poeusescolorimagerytocharacterizethem.Montresorfaceiscoveredinablacksilkmask,Incontrast,Fortunatodressesthemotley-coloredcostumeofthecourtfool,whogetsliterallyandtragicallyfooledbyMontresor'smaskedmotives.
ThecolorschemeshererepresenttheironyofFortunato'sdeathsentence.
Throughtheacts,words,andthoughtsof?
?
Fortunato,weknowHeisgreedy,hewasluredintothedarkandsombervaultsjustbecauseacaskofAmontillado.
Thisisalsoduetohisbadhabitofbibulosity(酗酒).Helosthimselfonhearingthewine.
Atthesametime,hewascheatedbyhisenemy,whichreflectedhisignorance.
WhenheheardthepretendedcomplimentfromMontresor,hebecameveryboastfulandarrogant.
Hewaseasilyconfusedbythesuperficialphenomenaandfailedtowatchoutforothers.Hecouldn'ttoleratethatotherswerestrongerthanhim.
Forexample,MontresoralwaysstimulatedhimwithLuchresiwhowasgoodatconnoisseur(鉴赏)inwine.
Undertheimpulseofvanity,hefellintoMontresorterribletrap.
Infact,hewascarelessandfoolishanddidn'tfindthatthedangerwasapproachinghim.
HelookeddownuponMontresorandothers.
Hedidn'trealizehisfoolishnessuntilthedeathwascoming.
Talkingfromtheappearance,Monstresorwasa
well-educatedand“kind”businessman.
Heenjoyedthehonorandrespectinthecity.Butinfact,
hewasanevilandawfulperson.
Hisinnerfeelingsweresocruelthattheyevenmadepeople
tremble.
Underhisrichappearancewasthedirtysoul
anddespicable
character.
Wecouldn'tseeanygloriousvirtuesinhis
mind.Instead,
hisheartwascoldanddark.
ItwastherevengethatthrewMontresorinto
thedeepevil
valley.
unit4NathanielHawthorne
1.WhyistheprisonthesettingofChapter1?
Nomatterhowoptimisticthefoundersofnewcoloniesmay
be,theyarequicktoestablishaprisonandacemeteryin
their“Utopia,”fortheyknowthatmisbehavior,evil,and
deathareunavoidable.
ThisbelieffitsintothelargerPuritandoctrine,whichputsheavyemphasisontheideaoforiginalsin—thenotionthatallpeoplearebornsinnersbecauseoftheinitialtransgressionsofAdamandEveintheGardenofEden.heisthereforeusingtheprisonbuildingtorepresentthecrimeandthepunishmentwhichareaspectofcivilizedlife
Whatistheimplicationofthedescriptionoftheroses?
Therosebushsymbolizestheabilityofnaturetoendureandoutlastman'sactivities.
Thenarratorsuggeststhatrosesofferareminderof
hesays,
Nature'skindnesstothecondemned;forhistale,
attitude
somereliefinthefaceofunrelentingsorrowandgloom.
2.DescribetheappearanceofHesterPrynneandtheofthepeopletowardsher.
Thesecondparagraphonpage30.
Thecrowdinfrontofthejailisamixtureofmenandwomen,allmaintainingseverelooksofdisapproval.
SeveralofthewomenbegintodiscussHesterPrynne,andtheysoonvowthatHesterwouldnothavereceivedsuchalightsentenceforhercrimeiftheyhadbeenthejudges.
Onewoman,theugliestofthegroup,goessofarastoadvocatedeathforHester.
3.WhathashappenedtoHester?
Asayoungwoman,Hestermarriedanelderlyscholar,
Chillingworth,whosentheraheadtoAmericatolive.
Whilewaitingforhim,shehadanaffairwithaPuritanministernamedDimmesdale,afterwhichshegavebirthto
Pearl.
Thescarletletterisherpunishmentforhersinandhersecrecy.
WhydoesshemaketheembroideryoftheletterAsoelaborate?
Itseemstodeclarethatsheisproud,ratherthanashamed,ofhersin.
Inreality,however,Hestersimplyacceptsthe“sin”anditssymbolaspartofherself,justassheacceptsherchild.
Andalthoughshecanhardlybelieveherpresent
realities,”shetakesthemastheyareratherthan
resistingthemortryingtoatoneforthem.
Howdoesthistellusabouthercharacter?
intelligent,
capable.Itistheextraordinary
circumstancesshapingherthatmakehersuchanimportantfigure.
Unit5HermanMelville
1.WhatarethestoriesIsmaeltellsaboutMobyDick?
IshmaelcomparesthelegendofMobyDicktohisexperienceofthewhale.
Henotesthatspermwhaleattackshaveincreasedrecently
andthatsuperstitioussailorshavecometoregardthese
origin.
some
with
atthesametimeandthatheisimmortal.Ishmaelremarksthateventhewildestofrumorsusuallycontainstruth.
Whales,forinstance,havebeenknowntotravelremarkablespeedfromtheAtlantictothePacific;thus,
itispossibleforawhaletobecaughtinthePacificwiththeharpoonsofaGreenlandshipinit.
MobyDick,whohasdefiedcapturenumeroustimes,exhibitsan“intelligentmalignity”(狠毒)inhisattacksonmen
2.WhydoesAhabreactsoviolentlyagainstthewhitewhale?
First,helostoneofhislegsbecauseofthewhitewhale.
Second,HeconsidersMobyDicktheembodimentofevilintheworld,andhepursuestheWhiteWhale,becausehebelieves
crazy”andcallhim
ithisinescapablefatetodestroythisevil.
ravinglunatic.”
IshmaelsuggeststhatAhabis
Doyouagreewithhim?
Whyorwhynot?
3.Whatnarrativefeaturescanyoufindintheselectedchapter?
thetechnique
Intheselectedcharpter,MelvilleemployedofmultipleviewofhisnarrativetoportrayMobyDicktoachievetheeffectofambiguityandletreadersjudgethemeaning.
Unit6HenryDavidThoreau
1.WhereindeeddidThoreaulive,bothataphysicallevelandataspirituallevel?
HelivedinacabinonWaldenPond,whichbelongedto
Emerson'sproperty.
2.HadThoreaueverboughtafarm?
Whydidheenjoytheactofbuying?
No,hehadn't.
Heavoidedpurchasingafarmbecauseitwouldinevitablytiehimdownfinanciallyandcomplicatehislife.
Thoreaudidn'tseetheacquisitionofwealthasthegoalforhumanexistence,hesawthegoaloflifetobean
explorationofthemindandofthemagnificentworldaroundus.
Heregardedtheplacesasanexistencefreeofobligationsandfullofleisure.
3.IsitsignificantthatThoreaumentionedtheFourthof
Julyasthedayonwhichhebegantostayinthewoods?
Why?
Yes,itis.
BecauseTheFourthofJulyisknownasIndependenceDay,thebirthdayottheUnitedStates.
HereThoreauusesthedaytoexpresshisbeginningof?
?
regenerationatWalden.
Italsomeansasymbolofhisconquestofbeing.
4.HowcouldyouanswerthequestionThoreauaskedattheendofthisselection?
Unit719thCenturyAmericanPoets
1.HenryWadsworthLongfellow
(1)IShotanArrow
Thearrowfliestooswiftlyandtoofarawaytobeseenbythespeaker;whereasthesongisnaturallyinvisible.
2.Inwhatcircumstancesdidhefindthemagain?
Hefindsthemunexpectedlyyearslaterfromthetrunkofatreeandtheheartofafriend.
3.Whatdoarrowandsongstandforinthispoem?
Theimagesofarrowandsongheremaystandforfriendship.
(2)APsalmofLife
1.Whatkindofpersonisthespeakerofthispoem?
Thespeakerisamanofaction,alwaysoptimisticandcheerful,tryingtoachieveasmuchaspossibleintheshortspanoflife.
2.Accordingtothepoem,howshouldourlivesbeledtoovercomethefactthateachdaybringsusnearertodeath?
Weshouldworkharderandlivehappier.
3.Interpretthemetaphorof"Footprintsonthesandoftime"(line28).
Themetaphorreferstohumandeedsinreallife.
2.WaltWhitman
(1)One'sSelfISing
Itisanexaltationoftheindividualspirit,whichistypicalofAmericanpeople.
2.Whatisthedifferencebetweenphysiologyandphysiognomy?
Physiologyisasciencethatdealswiththefunctionsandlifeprocessofhumanbeings,whereasphysiognomyreferstoanartofjudgingcharacterfromcontoursoffaceitselfortheappearanceofaperson.
3.WhatdoesWhitmanmeanbythetermof"theModernMan"?
Hemeansthatamanshouldbefreefromanyprejudiceandpride,totallydifferentfromthetraditionalone,thatisfullofbias.
(3)OCaptain!
MyCaptain!
1.Whyistheword"Captain"capitalizedthroughoutthepoem?
Inthispoemtheword
Captain”speciallyrefersto
AbrahamLincoln,presidentoftheUnite
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