对莎翁喜剧作品中吝啬鬼形象的分析.docx
- 文档编号:6868970
- 上传时间:2023-01-11
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:15
- 大小:40.77KB
对莎翁喜剧作品中吝啬鬼形象的分析.docx
《对莎翁喜剧作品中吝啬鬼形象的分析.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《对莎翁喜剧作品中吝啬鬼形象的分析.docx(15页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
对莎翁喜剧作品中吝啬鬼形象的分析
本科生毕业论文
(2014届)
外国语学院
题目:
对莎翁喜剧作品中吝啬鬼
形象的分析
学号:
姓名:
专业班级:
指导教师:
职称:
职称:
2014年4月27日
AnalysisonMiserImagesinShakespeare’sComedies
PapersubmittedtotheEnglishDepartmentof
ZhejiangAgriculture&ForestryUniversity
inPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsfortheDegreeof
BachelorofArts
By
English106
Supervisedby
April27,2014
本科生毕业论文诚信承诺书
我谨在此承诺:
本人所写的毕业论文《对莎翁喜剧作品中吝啬鬼形象的分析》均系本人独立完成,没有抄袭行为,凡涉及其他作者的观点和材料,均作了引用注释,若有不实,后果由本人承担。
承诺人(签名):
2014年4月27日
摘要
吝啬鬼形象作为人类过分爱惜自己的财物、当用不用的表现,受到中外著名作家的钟爱,其中当以莎士比亚喜剧《威尼斯商人》中的夏洛克最为人知。
莎士比亚作品中,《温莎的风流娘们儿》中的约翰.福斯塔夫爵士、《爱的徒劳》中的法国公主及其三位侍女(罗瑟琳、玛利亚、凯瑟琳)以及《皆大欢喜》中的奥列弗也具有吝啬的形象。
通过对众多研究莎士比亚喜剧作品中吝啬鬼形象资料的分析,笔者发现对除夏洛克外的其他吝啬形象的研究较少,对夏洛克的吝啬形象的分析也各不全面。
笔者将对夏洛克、福斯塔夫、奥列弗、法国公主及其三位侍女所表现的吝啬形象进行综合研究分析,并结合他们吝啬的成因以及他们吝啬的形象在剧中的作用,让读者更好的解读莎士比亚笔下的吝啬鬼形象,加深读者对莎士比亚文学的理解。
关键词:
吝啬鬼形象;莎士比亚喜剧;《威尼斯商人》;《温莎的风流娘们儿》;《爱的徒劳》;《皆大欢喜》
Abstract
Misers,withtheexpressionthatoneexcessivelycaresofhisbelongingsandismeanspendingthem,havealwaysbeenlovedbyfamouswritersathomeandabroad.Asoneofthosewidelyknowncharacters,themiserShylockinShakespeare’scomedyTheMerchantofVeniceisthemostnoted.Infact,thereareothermisersinShakespeare’sworksapartfromShylock,likeSirJohnFalstaffinTheMerryWivesofWindsor,OliverinAsYouLikeItandthePrincess,Rosaline,MariaandKatharineinLove’sLabour’sLost.AftermakingresearchesofthesefourcomediesofShakespeare’s,theauthorfindsthatfewhavestudiedabouttheothermiserimagesexceptShylock.Furthermore,thoseanalysesonthemiserimageofShylockareincomplete.TheauthorwillmakeananalysisofthemiserimagesofShylock,SirJohnFalstaff,OliverPrincessandherthreemaidswithstudyingtheircauseandinfluencesintheplays,whichcanhelpthereaderstounderstandthemiserimagesandliteraturebetter.
Keywords:
miserimages;Shakespeare’scomedies;TheMerchantofVenice;TheMerryWivesofWindsor;Love’sLabour’sLost;AsYouLikeIt
Contents
1.Introduction1
2.MiserimagesinShakespeare’scomedies2
2.1DefinitionofMiserinShakespeare’splays2
2.2AnalysisonPerformanceofMisersinShakespeare’sComedies2
2.2.1MisersinProperty2
2.2.2MisersinEmotion4
2.3CausesofMisersinShakespeare’sComedies6
2.3.1CausesofMisersinProperty6
2.3.2CausesofMisersinEmotion7
2.4InfluencesofthemiserimagesinShakespeare’sComedies8
2.4.1InfluencesofShylock’smiserimageinTheMerchantofVenice9
2.4.2InfluencesofSirJohnFalstaff’sMiserImageinTheMerryWivesofWindsor10
2.4.3InfluencesofOliver’sMiserImageinAsYouLikeIt12
2.4.4InfluencesoftheMiserImagesofthePrincessandtheThreeLadiesinLove’sLabour’sLost13
3.Conclusion14
Bibliography17
Acknowledgements18
1.Introduction
Asakindofhuman’sexpression,miserimageshavebeenlovedbyalotofeminentwritersandscholars.Manyrenownedworksaboutmisershavebeenpublishedandwidelycirculated,suchasFrenchcomedywriterMoliere’sL’Avare(1668),novelistinQingdynastyWuJingzi’sTheScholars(1749),FrenchnovelistBalzac’sEugenieGrandet(1833),RussiancriticalrealistwriterGogol’sDeadSouls(1842)andsoon.Amongthem,themiserShylockinShakespeare’scomedyTheMerchantofVeniceisthemostbeloved.
ManyChineseandforeignscholarsandauthoritieshaveanalyzedanddiscussedaboutthecharacterShylock.Forexample,inTheBiographyofShakespeare(杨青芝,2006),theauthormentionedthatShylock’scharacterhasdualitywhichincludescruelrevengeandgreedandmeanness.However,therearefewstudiesaboutothermiserimagesinShakespeare’scomedieswhichareSirJohnFalstaffinTheMerryWivesofWindsor,OliverinAsYouLikeItandthePrincess,Rosaline,MariaandKatharineinLove’sLabour’sLost.
ZhengTusheng(郑土生,2005:
218-219)says,“Shakespeare’sspiritofinnovationreflectsincharacterization.Differentfromthosepredecessorswhosefieldsofvisionincreatingcharactersarequitenarrow,Shakespearecreatesplentifulfiguresfromdifferentcountries,differentclassesanddifferenttimes.ThefigurescreatedbyShakespearenotonlyappearonthestage,butalsotakerootinreallife.Eachofthemhashisowncharacters.ShylockandFalstaffhavebecometypicalartistic examples ofEuropeanliteraturesevenworldliterature.Especially,Falstaff,arepresentativeofknightandadventurerinTheMerryWivesofWindsor,isacclaimedbyEngels.Engelspraisedhimasstrikinganddistinctimage.HugoshowedhisinfiniteadmirationtoShakespearewhenhedescribedthefigurescreatedbyShakespeare.Hesaid,‘AlthoughShakespeareexaggeratestheproportionofobjects,hemaintainstherelations.Howworthyofpraiseapoet’sversatilityis!
Hecreatesfiguresthatexceedusbutlivewithus.’”
ItisrathermeaningfultoanalyzeandresearchallthemiserimagesinShakespeare’scomedies.Thisarticlewillstudythemiserimagesinthesefourcomedies(TheMerchantofVenice,TheMerryWivesofWindsor,AsYouLikeItandLove’sLabour’sLost)fromtheaspectofemotionandthatofwealthandembodytheircausesandinfluencesintheplays,hopingtobenefitreaders’betterunderstandingofthemiserimagesandShakespeare’splaysaswell.
2.MiserimagesinShakespeare’scomedies
2.1DefinitionofMiserinShakespeare’splays
AccordingtoWikipedia,amiser isapersonwhoisreluctanttospend,sometimestothepointofforgoingevenbasiccomfortsandsomenecessities,inordertohoardmoney orotherpossessions.Astheauthorconsiders,thosemisersinShakespeare’splaysincludeboththoseinpropertyandthoseinemotion.AndthosemisersinShakespeare’splaysarestingyaswellasgreedy.
2.2AnalysisonPerformanceofMisersinShakespeare’sComedies
Inthissection,theauthorwillanalyzetheperformanceofmisersinShakespeare’scomediesfromtwoaspects.Theyaremisersinpropertyandmisersinemotion.
2.2.1MisersinProperty
Speakingtomisersinproperty,thereisnodoubtthatShylockcanbefirstlythoughtof.ItisquiteobviousthatShylockcanbecalledthetypicalrepresentative.InTheMerchantofVenice,Shylock’smiserimageisdescribedincisivelyandvividly.Heisextremelygreedythathecalculatesloan,loanperiodandinterestsalldays.Hehimselfdoesn’tenjoylifeaswellassomeantoothers.(桂扬清,2010:
96;mytranslation)
Lancelet:
…Iamfamishedinhisservice.YoumaytelleveryfingerIhavewithmyribs.Father,Iamgladyouarecome.GivemeyourpresenttooneMasterBassanio,who,indeed,givesrarenewliveries.(Shakespeare,2008:
430)
FromthewordsofShylock’sservantLauncelot,wecanseethatShylockissomeantogivehisservantenoughfoodandclothesthatLauncelotisasleanasarakeandbetraysShylock.ButwhenitcomestoShylock,hesaysthathedrivesLauncelotawayonaccountoflazinessandgoodappetite.
Anothermanifestationisthatheoverlyworriesaboutlosingmoney.HestressesthathisdaughterJessicashouldtakegreatcareofhomeincaseofsomethingwrongjustbecauseofadream.AsShakespeare(2008:
434)writes,“Shylock…Jessica,mygirl,looktomyhouse.Iamrightloathtogo.Thereissomeilla-brewingtowardsmyrest,forIdiddreamofmoney-bagstonight.”Moreinterestingly,heregardsthesentence“Fastbind,fastfind”asaproverbneverstaleinthriftymind.(Shakespeare,2008)
Afterhisdaughterrunsawaywithherlovewithhismoneyandjewelry,Shylockyells,runsaboutandshoutsinthestreetlikealunatic.Daughter’srunningawaywithaChristianmakeshimmiserable,butthelossofwealthmakeshimmuchmorepainful.WhenhisfriendTubaltellshimthathisdaughterspendsfourscoreducatsonenightinGenoa,hecomplainspainfullyagainandagainandsaysthatTubalsticksadaggerinhim.(桂扬清,2010:
96;mytranslation)
Heemphasizeshowprecioushislostjewelryandmoneyareonceandagain.Hefeelssufferingwhenherealizesthathewilllosethosepropertiesforever.Atthispoint,hecurseshisonlydaughtertodieathisfootwiththejewelsinherearandtobehearsedathisfootwiththeducatsinhercoffin.WecanrealizethatShylockregardswealthmoreimportantthanhisonlydaughtersinceheisheartbrokenandcurseshisowndaughtertodiewhenknowingthatJessicarunswithhiswealthandspendsitwastefully.
Shylock:
Nay,takemylifeandall.Pardonnotthat.Youtakemyhousewhenyoudotakethepropthatdothsustainmyhouse.YoutakemylifewhenyoudotakethemeanswherebyIlive.(Shakespeare,2008:
461)
Shylock:
Iprayyougivemeleavetogofromhence,Iamnotwell.Sendthedeedafterme.(Shakespeare,2008:
462)
Fromthesetwopassages,wecanseethatShylockisgreedyasequalasmean.Whenknowingthathewilllosethelawsuit,Shylockrequiresathreetimespayment.Heviewswealthmoreimportantthanhisownlife.Whensentencedtodepriveallhiswealth,Shylockfallsillandwouldratherdie.
AssoonasreferringtoTheMerryWivesofWindsor,characterSirJohnFalstaffwillbethefirstmanthatappearsinourmind.Falstaffisarepresentativemiserwithgreed.Itcanbeanalyzedfromthefollowingaspects.
Firstofall,hedecidestoseduceFord’swifeandPage’swifetosolvehisfinancialproblemwhenheknowsthattheyhavealltheruleoftheirhusbands’purses.HecallsthemaregioninGuianawithallgoldandbounty.Heimaginesthattheywillbeexchequerstohim.Secondly,Falstaffdismissesallofhisservantsexceptoneinordertosavecostwiththeexcuse“Iamnowaboutnowaste;Iamaboutthrift”(Shakespeare,2008:
112).AsShakespeare(2008:
113)writes,“Falstaff…Falstaffwilllearnthehumouroftheage,Frenchthr
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 喜剧 作品 吝啬鬼 形象 分析