英语语法非谓语动词反义疑问句名词性从句状语从句.docx
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英语语法非谓语动词反义疑问句名词性从句状语从句.docx
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英语语法非谓语动词反义疑问句名词性从句状语从句
非谓语动词
在英语中不是用作句子的谓语动词,而是用于担任其他语法的动词
Iwanttogotocollege.
非谓语动词三种形式:
一、动词不定式
to+动词结构(有时不带to)
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
(not)todo
(not)tobedone
完成式
(not)tohavedone
(not)tohavebeendone
进行式
(not)tobedoing
完成进行式
(not)tohavebeendoing
1.动词不定式作主语
Toteachismyjob.
主谓
TostudyEnglishhardmeansavictory.
主谓
ItiseasytostudyEnglish.
形式主语谓主
2.动词不定式作宾语(详见usefulexpressionsP6)
Wemustremembertofollowthesafetyrules.
谓宾
Sheoffertohelpus.
谓宾
Shelikestogetupearly.
谓宾
3.动词不定式作宾语补足语(双宾语)
Headvisedmetotakeagoodrest.
宾宾补
Wouldyoulikemetogowithyou?
宾宾补
主动语态:
一感:
feelsbdo
二听:
hearsbdolistentosbdo
三使:
makesbdoletsbdohavesbdo
五看:
seesbdowatchsbdonoticesbdo
observesbdolookatsbdo
被动语态一定要加to
例:
Hemademecry.(主动)Iwasmadetocry.(被动)
Inoticehimcry.(主动)Hewasnoticedtocry.(被动)
4.动词不定式作表语
Hiswishistobecomeadoctor.
主系表
Themostimportantthingistogotocollege.
主系表
5.动词不定式作同位语
Thedoctorgivehertheordertostayinbed.
6.动词不定式作定语
Shehasalotofmeetingtoattendintheevenings.
Sheisanicepersontoworkwith.
Ihavenopentowritewith.
Ihavenobedtosleepon.
Ididn’tfindahoteltostayat.
7.动词不定式作状语
1目的状语
Theyranovertowelcomethevisitors.
TolearnEnglishwellwemustmakedoubleefforts.
2原因状语
Hewasangrytohearshehadbrokenherword.
3结果状语
Wefoundtheroomtoosmalltoholdsomanypeople.
Helefthomeonlytofindlifemoredifficult.
结果状语:
onlytodo
inordertodo
soastodo
enoughtodo
too……to
二、动名词doing
即有动词的性质,又有名词的性质。
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
(not)doing
(not)beingdone
完成式
(not)havingdone
(not)havingbeendone
1.动名词作主语
Teachingismyjob.
ReadingmorebookshelpsuslearnEnglishwell.
Tom’sbeinglateforclassmakesusangry.
2.动名词作宾语(详见usefulexpressionsP6)
Ienjoycollectingstamps.
Wetrytoavoidmakingmistakes.
3.动名词作表语
Herjobiswashingclothes.
Seeingisbelieving.
Ourdutyisservingthepeople.
4.动名词作定语
Thesleepingbagiscomfortable.
smokingroom
studyingtime
三、
分词
现在分词:
doing主动、进行(有时态语态变化,参照动名词部分)
过去分词:
done被动、完成(无时态语态变化)
1.作定语
thefallingleaves正在落下的叶子
thefallenleaves落叶
therisingsun正在升起的太阳
therisensun已经升起的太阳
thedevelopingcountry发展中国家
thedevelopedcountry发达国家
theboilingwater沸腾的水
theboiledwater开水
Themantalkingwithmyfatherismymathsteacher.
Thebookborrowedfromthelibrarymustbereturnedtoday.
2.作表语
现在分词:
表特征、性质
Thestoryisinteresting.
Thenewsissurprising.
过去分词:
表情绪、状态
Theglassisbroken.
Hislegisbroken.
excitedinterestedencouragedsurprisedpleased
excitinginterestingencouragingsuprisingpleasing
3.作状语
1作时间状语
2作原因状语
3作条件状语
4作让步状语
5作结果状语
4.作宾语补足语
练习:
1.Walkinginthestreet,shefoundmedoingsomeshopping.(walk)
2.Beingsick,hedidn’tcome.(be)
3.Walkinginthestreet,acarknockedhimdown.(walk)
4.Seenfromthetopofthehill,theparklooksnice.(see)
5.Givenanotherhalfanhour,hecanfinishit.(give)
6.Shesatunderthetree,readingthenewspaper.(read)
7.Thefilmstarcameout,followedbymanyreporters.(follow)
8.Heated,watercanbechangedintovapor.(hate)
9.Nothavingdoneitwell,hetriedtodoitagain.(do)
答案:
1.Walking2.Being3.Walking4.Seen5.Given
6.reading7.followed8.Heated9.Nothavingdone
反义疑问句
祈使句
Comein,willyou?
Sitdown,willyou?
Don’tbelateforclassnexttime,willyou?
Lethimdoit,willyou?
Letusdoit,willyou?
Let’sdoit,shallwe?
A:
1.Hehaslunchathome,doesn’the?
2.Shedoesn’tworkhard,doesshe?
B:
当主语是someone,somebody,everyone,everybody,nobody,noone时,反义部分当中代词用they
1.Someonehastakenitaway,haven’tthey?
2.Everybodywillagree,won’tthey?
C:
当主语是everything,something,anything,nothing时,反义部分当中代词用it
Everythingisright,isn’tit?
D:
1.Youhavetogothere,don’tyou?
2.Thereusedtobeachurchnearourschool,usedn’tthere?
didn’tthere?
当句中有each时
1.Eachshouldgothere,shouldn’the?
2.Eachofusshouldgothere,shouldn’twe?
3.Eachofthemshouldgothere,shouldn’tthey?
E:
must表示猜测
对现在情况的推测do、be一般现在时
对已发生的过去情况的推测,若陈述句谓语部分有“musthavedone”,
表示过去的时间状语,问句部分用didn't;
没有表示过去的时间状语,问句部分用haven't或hasn't
1.Itmustbeveryexpensive,isn’tit?
2.Tommustbereadinginhisroom,isn’the?
3.Hemusthaveabigfamily,doesn'the?
4.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,didn’tit?
5.Hemusthavedonethework,hasn’the?
6.Youmusthavehadlunch,haven’tyou?
练习:
1.Hemustbethere,isn'the?
2.Hemusthaveabigfamily,doesn'the?
3.Hemustbewaitingoutside,isn'the?
4.Theremustbesomestudentsintheroom,aren'tthere?
5.Theymusthavegonetherelastnight,didn'tthey?
6.Theymusthavearrivedbynow,haven'tthey?
7.TheymusthavebeentotheGreatWall,haven'tthey?
F:
陈述句中有否定词的,疑问句部分要用肯定,如no,never,nothing,hardly,seldom,little,few,rarely
1.Sheseldomgoesthere,doesshe?
2.Nothingwillmakehimchangehismind,willit?
3.Therearethreepeoplethere,arethere?
G:
陈述部分所含的否定词是通过前缀或后缀所构成的,反义部分不影响
1.Theboyishomeless,isn’the?
2.Itisimpossible,isn’tit?
3.Thegirlisunfair,isn’tshe?
H:
当主句的主语为第一人称,而谓语动词是think,suppose,believe,expect,疑问部分应与宾语从句中的主谓保持一致
1.Ibelieveyouwillbesuccessful,won’tyou?
2.Idon’tthinkhewillbesuccessful,willhe?
3.Shedon’tthinkhewillgetwill,doesshe?
主句的主语第三人称,疑问部分与主句中的主谓一致
名词性从句
1.主语从句
Whatyousaidisright.
Whatyouneedismorepractice.
Whatsurprisememostisthathefailed.
Howtheywillgotherehasn’tbeendecided.
when/whether,主语从句中,不能用if
Thatweneedmorepracticeisveryclear.
Itisveryclearthatweneedmorepractice.
2.表语从句
TheproblemisthatwearepoorinEnglish.
ThequestionishowwewillstudyEnglishwell.
Thequestioniswhetherwewillgothere.
不能用if
3.宾语从句
Hetoldmethathehadpassedthetest.
可省略
HeaskedifIhadpassedthetest.
可用whether
Theteacheraskedthemwhentheywouldfinishthehomework.
WethinkitimportantthatwemuststudyEnglishhard.
形式主语宾语
Heisawareofwhathehasdone.
4.同位语从句。
解释前面一个名词的内容,that不能省略
Thetruththathediditisknowntous.
Thetruththathetoldisknowtous.定语从句
可省略
定语从句
Thisisthemanwhom/that(Isawyesterday).
先行词
一、关系代词:
who指人,作主语或表语
Whom指人,作宾语
Whose指人、物,作定语
主
例:
1.Doyourememberthenameoftheforeignfriend(whotalkwithuslastSunday)?
宾
2.Theartist(whomIhavejustmet)issaidtobegoodatthepaintingcats.
3.Whereistheboywhosefatherisill
4.Iboughtthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.
二、关系代词:
which指物,作主语或宾语
例:
1.Thedog(whichislaytothetree)belongstome.
主
lie-lied-lied说谎lie-lay-lain躺、位于
lay-laid-laid铺放laying
2.Thebook(whichIboughtyesterday)isonmusic.
宾,可省略
三、关系代词:
that指人、物,作主语或宾语
例:
1.Whoistheman(thattalkwithyoujustnow).
主
2.Thepiecesofmusic(thathewrote)aresymphonies.
宾,可省略
四、下列情况下用that,而不用who和which
1.当先行词是all,much,little,everything,anything,nothing,none,few,theone等不定代词
Thereisnothing(thatIcandoforyou).
宾,可省略
All(thatcanbedone)hasbeendone.
主
2.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰(如thebest,themost)
Thisisthebestfilm(thatIhaveeverseen).
宾,可省略
3.当先行词有序数词修饰(如thefirst,thelast)
Thisisthefirstplace(thatwevisitedinthistour).
宾,可省略
4.当先行词由theonly,no,thevery修饰
Thisistheveryman(thatyouarelookfor).
宾,可省略
Heistheonlyperson(thatisreliable).
主
5.当先行词即指人又指物
Thespeakermentionedsomewritesandbooks(thatareunknowntous).
Manandthehorses(thatfellintotheriver)weredrowned.
6.主句疑问词已有who、which时
Whichisthebikethatyoulost?
Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythedoor?
五、下列情况不能用that
1.在非限制性定语从句中,指物:
which,指人:
who
IhavetalkedwithTom,whoiswillingtohelpyou.
Shesangasong,whichIlikeverymuch.
2.介词+which(whom)
Thisisthehouse(inwhichhelivedtenyearsago).
inwhich=inthehouse
Thisisthescientist(fromwhomwelearnedthenews).
fromwhom=fromthescientist
Thisisthecar(inwhichtheycame).
inwhich=inthecar
六、关系副词
When时间,where地点,why原因,作状语
I’llneverforgettheday(whenIjoinedtheparty).
when=inwhich=joinintheparty
Thisisthevillage(wheremymotherwasborn).
where=inwhich=borninthevillage
Heshowedusroundthehouse(wherehepaidquitealotofmoney).
where=forwhich=payforthehouse
七、关系代词as
1.引导限制性定语从句
Thisisthesamething(asweareinneedof).
宾,关系代词不可省略
SuchEnglish(asisspokenhere)isnotEnglish.
2.which,as引导的非限制性定语从句,代替前面整句句子
Helostmuchmoney,whichmadehiswifeangry.
Asweallknow,Taiwanbelongstochina.
which通常放句尾,as放句首
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