大学英语3第2次.docx
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大学英语3第2次.docx
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大学英语3第2次
第2次作业
一、阅读理解(本大题共100分,共5小题,每小题20分)
1.
Prehistoricmenandwomenenjoyedamorevarieddietthanpeopledonow,sincetheyatespeciesofplantandseveralhundredsthousandstypesoflivingthings.Butonlyatinypercentageofthesewereeverdomesticated.Modernshopshavehastenedatrendtowardsspecializationwhichbeganintheearliestdaysofagriculture.Thefoodoftherichcountrieshasbecomecheaperrelativetowages.Itisspeedilydistributedinsupermarkets.Butthechoiceannuallybecomeslessandlessgreat.Evenindividualfoodsthemselvesbecomemorestandardized.Weliveintheworldofcarrotspeciallybluntedinordertoavoidmakingaholeinthebag,andthetomatogrowntomeetademandforastandardweightofweightingtomatoestoakilo.SirivonReisasks:
"Onlythethreemajorcereals(谷物类食物)andperhapstenotherwidelycultivatedspeciesstandbetweenfamineandsurvivalfortheworld'shumanpopulationandahandfulofdrugplantshasservedWesterncivilizationforseveralthousandyears.Aratherobviousquestionarises:
Arewemissingsomething?
"Afterall,thereare800000speciesofplantonearth.
(1).Inprehistorictimespeople____.
A.atemuchmorethanwedotoday
B.livedmainlyonplantfood
C.hadawide-rangingdiet
D.weremorefussyaboutwhattheyate
(2).
Mostofushavecometoexpect____.
A.
novariationinourdiet
B.areductioninfoodsupplies
C.aspecialistdiet
D.
foodconformingtoasetstandard
(3).Thespecializationoffoodwasstartedby____.
A.theemergenceofsupermarkets
B.theriseofagriculture
C.therichcountries
D.themodernshops
(4).
Accordingtothepassage,peopleintheWesttodaysurviveon____.
A.carrotsandtomatoes
B.severalthousandtypesofplantsandcereals
C.
averysmallnumberofcultivatedfoods
D.specialspeciesplantedonethousandyearsago
(5).Theconclusionseemstobethatwe____.
A.
couldmakeuseofmorenaturalspecies
B.don'tcultivatetherightkindoffood
C.
producemorefoodthanweneed
D.
cultivatetoomanydifferentspecies
2.
humanbodyisdistributed(分布)intwodifferentways.Somefatpeoplehavealargechestandnowaistline(腰身),lookingratherlikeapples.Othersarefatterbelowthewaist,lookingmorelikepears.
DoctorsinCambridge,Englandhavebeenexaminingtherelationshipbetweenhealthandfat(脂肪)distribution.Theyfindthatthepear-shapedfatpeoplehavefewerproblemsthantheapple-shapedfatpeople.Whatseemstobemostimportantisnothowmuchfatyouhavebutwhereyouhaveit.Thedoctorsmeasuredtheapple-shapedwomenandpear--shapedwomenwithX-rayscanners(X光扫描器).Humanbeingshavetwotypesoffat:
oneisoutsidefat,thatisthefatbelowtheskin,andtheotherisinsidefatthatliesinsidethebody.UsingtheX-rayscanners,thedoctorsfoundthatthe“apples”havealargeamountofinsidefat.
Ifthisinsidefatismuchmorethanoutsidefat,itwillprobablycausehealthproblemssuchasobesity(肥胖症).Thebesttreatmentforobesityistoreducetheinsidefat.Butunfortunatelydiettreatment(饮食疗法)simplymakesanapple-shapedpersonintoasmallerappleandapear-shapedpersonintoasmallerpear.Atthemomentthereisnoeffectivewayofreducingtheinsidefat.
(1).
Accordingtotherelationbetweenhealthandfatness_____________
A.
apple-shapedfatpeoplehavefewerproblemsthanpear-shapedpeople
B.
it’sbettertobeapple-shapedthantobepear-shaped
C.
it’sbettertobepear-shapedthantobeapple-shaped
D.fatnessisthemostdangerousenemytohealth
(2).Themostimportantthingaboutfatpeopleseemstobe___________.
A.
theamountoffattheyhave
B.
theknowledgeofwhichtypeofthefatpeopletheybelongto
C.
theamountoftheoutsidefattheyhave
D.
theplacewheretheyhavethefat
(3).
Thebasicreasonwhysomepeoplesufferfromobesityisthat_______.
A.
theytakeverylittleexerciseeveryday
B.
theyhavemuchmoreinsidefatthanisneeded
C.
theyareexaminedbyX-rayscannersquiteoften
D.
theyeattoomuch
(4).
Accordingtowhatismentionedinthepassage,thebesttreatmentforobesityatpresentis__________________.
A.
toreducetheamountoffoodanddrinks
B.
tomakethebodyshapesmaller
C.
alreadyknowntothosepeopleintrouble
D.
stilltobefound.
3.
UniversityofArizonaresearcherDr.WilliamRathjisaysthatafterastudybasedonlookingintogarbagecans,theaveragefamilywastesatleast$150peryearinfood.
"Homemakersgooutoftheirwaytosavepenniesatthestoreandthendon'trealizethatwasteofedible(可食用的)foodsaddsupmuchmoreathome,"saidDr.Rathji.Hewasoneofabout100foodexpertswhometinBoiseforaconferenceonfoodwasteandwaystopreventit.
Americanfamiliesthrowoutbetween8%and20%ofediblefoodatacostof$4.5billionperyear.That'salmostasmuchasthefederalgovernmentspendseveryyearforfoodstampsandchildnutritionprograms.
Hefoundthatfooditemswhicharecostlyandinshortsupplytendtobewastedmore.Duringthe1973meatshortage,meatwasteincreasedto9%,comparedwith3%in1974and1975.Sugarandsugarproductswastejumpedto19%in1975,whensugarpricesdoubledfromthepreviousyear.
Dr.Rathjitheorizesthathighpricesforceconsumerstoexperiment,sometimesbuyinlargequantities.Inthecaseofmeat,sometimeslow-pricedcutsforunappetizingvarietiesarepurchased,consumersthentendtowastemore.
Histheoryisthatthemorevarietyinfoodbought,themorewasted.Regularbreadiswastedatabouta10%rate,butspecialtybreadsandrollsarewastedata20%rate.
Ifpeopleareeatingthesamethingeveryday,theylearnhowtomanageit.Butifyou'retryingtopullsomethingoutofthecookbookeverynight,that'sboundtobesomewaste.
Anotherfindingisthatlowerincomefamilieswastelessfoodthanmiddleandupperincomefamilies.Andthestudyfoundthatdogfood,whichaccountsfor8%ofashoppingcart,israrelywasted.Freshproduceandfrozenitemsaremorelikelytobewasted.
Thestudyalsoshowedpeoplewiththemostknowledgeofsafe,ediblefoodwastetheleast.Muchfoodistossedoutbecauseahomemakersuspectsitisspoiledwhenitisnot.
(1).
Largequantitiesoffoodarethrownoutbecauseahomemaker____.
A.
thinkstheyarenotdelicious
B.
saystheytastebitterandhot
C.thinkstheysmellbad
D.suspectstheyarespoiledwhentheyarenot
(2).
Americanfamiliesthrowoutbetween____ofediblefoodeveryyear.
A.5%~8%
B.
8%~10%
C.20%~28%
D.
8%~20%
(3).
Whensugarpricesdoubled,wasteofsugar____.
A.
wentdown
B.wentup
C.
stayedthesame
D.wascutinhalf
(4).
Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
____
A.
Americanhousewivesarenotgoodhomemakers.
B.
Upper-incomefamiliesaremorewastefulthanlower-incomeones.
C.
Americanfamiliesthrowawayalmostasmuchfoodastheyconsume.
D.
Americanswasteagreatdealofdogfood.
(5).
WhendoAmericanfamilieswastemorefood?
____
A.
Whenpricesarehigh.
B.Whenfoodisscarce.
C.
Whentheythinkitisspoiled.
D.Alloftheabove.
4.
HarvardUniversitynamedhistorianDrewGilpinFaustasitsfirstfemalepresidentonSunday,endingalengthyandsecretivesearchtofindasuccessor(接任者)toLawrenceSummers.
Theseven-memberHarvardCorporationelectedFaust,anotedscholaronHistoryoftheAmericanSouthanddeanofHarvard’sRadcliffeInstituteforAdvancedStudy,astheuniversity’s28thpresident.
“Thisisagreatday,andahistoricdayforHarvard.”JamesR.Houghton,chairmanofthepresidentialsearchcommittee,saidinastatement.“DrewFaustisaninspiringandaccomplishedleader,asuperbscholar,adedicated(献身的)teacher,andawonderfulhumanbeing.”
HerselectionisnoteworthygiventheheateddebatesoverSummers’commentsthatgeneticdifferencesbetweenthesexesmighthelpexplainthelackofwomenintopsciencejobs.
FausthasbeendeanofRadcliffesince2001,twoyearsaftertheformerwomen’scollegewascombinedintotheuniversityasaresearchcenterwithamissiontostudygenderissues(性别问题).
Someprofessorshavequietlygrousedthatthe371-year-olduniversityisappointingafifthpresidentwhoisnotascientist.NoscientisthashadthetopjobsinceJamesBryantConantretiredin1953;itslastfourhavecomefromthefieldsofclassics,law,literatureandeconomics.
1,3,5
FaustisthefirstHarvardpresidentwhodidnotreceiveadegreefromtheuniversitysinceCharlesChauncy,agraduateofCambridgeUniversity,whodiedinofficein1762.SheattendedtheUniversityofPennsylvania.
“Teachingstaffturnedtoherconstantly.”saidSheldonHackney,aformerpresidentoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniaandhistorianwhoworkedcloselywithFaust.“She’sveryclear.Shehasasenseofhumor,butshe’sverystrong-minded.Youcometotrustinherbecauseshe’ssosolid.”
(1).
WhichisNOTtrueaboutDrewGilpinFaust?
A.
Sheisthe28thpresidentofHarvardUniversity.
B.
SheisafamousscholarfromtheAmericanSouth.
C.
Sheisn’tagraduatefromHarvardUniversity.
D.
ShewasheadofRadcliffeInstituteforAdvancedStudy.
(2).
LawrenceSummersheldtheviewthat.
A.
womencannotachieveasmuchasmeninmanagement
B.
womencannotholdimportantpositionsinsociety
C.
womencanmatchmeninsciencejobs
D.
fewwomenmaketopscientistsowingtogenes
(3).
Whichmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.
Harvardnamedits1stfemalepresident.
B.
HistoryofHarvardUniversitychanged.
C.
Debatesonfem
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