杭州师范大学考研真题综合英语723.docx
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杭州师范大学考研真题综合英语723.docx
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杭州师范大学考研真题综合英语723
杭州师范大学硕士研究生入学考试命题纸
杭州师范大学
2011年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题
考试科目代码:
723
考试科目名称:
综合英语
说明:
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3、考生答题时一律写在答题纸上,否则漏批责任自负;
4、
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I.Cloze(每小题1分,共20分)
Fillintheblankswithproperwords(thefirstletterisgiven).
Inrecentyears,⑴l________andlanguageteachershavebeguntodescribelanguageaccordingnotonlyto⑵g________structure,usingtraditionalconceptsandtermssuchastheimperative,butalsobyfunction,thatis,the⑶u________towhichlanguageisput.Forexample,add‘please’totheorder‘Openthewindow!
’,andthestructure⑷r________imperative.Thefunctionofthe⑸u________,however,isnowthatofrequest,andpoliterequestatthat.Function,then,isdeterminedpartlybytheuser’sattitude,andisrealizedbyavarietyoflinguisticand⑹p________features—vocabulary,grammarandpronunciation,⑺t________ofvoice,gestureandfacialexpression.Thelanguagelearnercanoftendistinguishpassivelybetweencertainbasicfunctions—thoseofcommandandrequest,forexample—⑻a________learningtousethesedifferentfunctionsoflanguageto⑼c________effectivelyisnotalwayssoeasy.
Functionisalsodeterminedbythe⑽s________inwhichthelanguageisused.‘Bequiet!
’comingfromateachertiredofnoisypupilsisobviouslyan⑾o________,orcommand.Usedbyonenervousbank⑿r________toafellowincrime,whenhethinkshehasheardanoisewhichcouldhavebeenmadebyasuspiciouspoliceman,thesentencewouldbea⒀w________.Usedagain,astheypreparetoblowopenthe⒁s________,itsfunctionwouldbethatofcautioning;tooloudanexplosionwouldgivethem⒂a________.Lookat‘theimperative’inthisway,then,andwerealizethatitconsistsofasmallsetofstructuralformswhichcan⒃f________manydifferentfunctions:
command,prohibition,warning,persuasion,aswellasmanyothers.
Tosumup,theapproachtothestudyanduseoflanguage⒄t________theexaminationofitsfunctionshasbeenenrichingforteachersandlearners⒅a________.Forboth,ofcourse,the⒆f________approachdoesnotdowithouttheneedforattentiontobepaidtotheworkingsofthegrammarofalanguage,butitisanapproachwhich⒇e________theusestowhichthecontrolofstructuremaybeput.
2011年考试科目代码723考试科目名称综合英语(本考试科目共11页本页第1页)
杭州师范大学硕士研究生入学考试命题纸
II.ReadingComprehension(共40分)
PartA(每小题2分,共30分)
Readthefollowingthreetexts.AnswerthequestionsoneachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.
TEXTA
Nooneshouldbeforcedtowearauniformunderanycircumstance.Uniformsaredemeaningtothehumanspiritandtotallyunnecessaryinademocraticsociety.Uniformstelltheworldthatthepersonwhowearsonehasnovalueasanindividualbutonlylivestojunctionasapartofawhole.Theindividualinauniformlosesallself-worth.
Therearethosewhosaythatwearingauniformgivesapersonasenseofidentificationwithalarger,moreimportantconcept.Whatcouldbemoreimportantthantheindividualhimself?
Ifanorganizationissoweakthatitmustrelyonclothandbuttonstoinspireitsmembers,thatorganizationhasnorighttocontinueitsexistence.Otherssaythatthepracticeofmakingpersonswearuniforms,say,inaschool,eliminatesallenvyandcompetitioninthematterofdress,suchthatapoorwhocannotaffordgood-qualityclothingneednotbebelittledbyawealthypersonwhowearsexpensive,qualityclothing.Thosepersonsconvenientlyignoresuchcriticalconceptsasfreedomofchoice,motivation,andindividuality.Ifallpersonsweretowearthesameclothing,whywouldanyonestrivetobebetter?
Itisonlyashortstepfromforcingeveryonetodrivethesamecar,havethesametypeoffood.Whenthishappens,allincentivetoimproveone’slifeisremoved.Whywouldparentsbothertoworkhardsothattheirchildrencouldhaveabetterlifethantheyhadwhentheyknowthattheirchildrenaregoingtobeforcedtohaveexactlythesamelifethattheyhad?
Uniformsalsohurttheeconomy.Rightnow,billionsofdollarsarespentonthefashionindustryyearly.Thousandsofpersonaareemployedindesigning,creating,andmarketingdifferenttypesofclothing.Ifeveryonewereforcedtowearuniforms,artisticpersonnelwouldbeunnecessary.Salespersonswouldbesuperfluousaswell;whybothertoselltheonlyitemsthatareavailable?
Thewearingofuniformswoulddestroythefashionindustrywhichinturnwouldhavearippleeffectonsuchindustriesasadvertisingandpromotion.Withoutadvertising,newspapers,magazines,andtelevisionwouldnotbeabletoremaininbusiness.Ourentireinformationandentertainmentindustrieswouldcollapse.
1.Theauthor’stoneinthispassageis______.
A.impassionedB.hystericalC.dramaticD.sarcastic
2011年考试科目代码723考试科目名称综合英语(本考试科目共11页本页第2页)
杭州师范大学硕士研究生入学考试命题纸
2.Thispassagemightbefoundinwhichofthefollowing?
A.Achildren’stextbook
B.Aneditorialinanewspaper
C.Asociologytextbook
D.Apoliticalplatform
3.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinwritingthispassagewasto______.
A.pleadfortheabolishmentofuniforms
B.showthatuniformsarenotpossibleinademocraticsociety
C.discusstheprosandconsofwearinguniforms
D.convincethereaderthatuniformshavemoredisadvantagesthanadvantage
4.Theauthorbringsintheexampleofaparentstrivingtomakelifebetterforhischildrentomakethepointthat____.
A.individualmotivationwouldbedestroyedbyuniforms
B.parentslovetheirchildren
C.uniformscausedissensionbetweenparentsandchildren
D.parentshaveresponsibilitiestotheirchildren
5.Withwhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostlikelytodisagree?
A.Personshavetherighttodressastheypleaseandflaunttheirwealthifthey
choosetodoso
B.Individualityisaluxurythatalargesocietycannolongerafford.
C.Organizationsmusthavemoreintrinsicworththanwearingauniformwould
suggest.
D.Themediadependonthesaleofclothing,ifonlyinanindirectway.
TEXTB
Thereisaconfusednotioninthemindsofmanypersons,thatthegatheringofthepropertyofthepoorintothehandsoftherichdoesnoultimateharm,sinceinwhose-everhandsitmaybe,itmustbespentatlast,andthus,theythink,returntothepooragain.Thisfallacyhasbeenagainandagainexposed;butgrantingthepleatrue,thesameapologymay,ofcourse,bemadeforblackmail,oranyotherformofrobbery.Itmightbe(thoughpracticallyitneveris)asadvantageousforthenationthattherobbershouldhavethespendingofthemoneyheextorts,asthatthepersonrobbedshouldhavespentit.Butthisisnoexcuseforthetheft.IfIweretoputa
2011年考试科目代码723考试科目名称综合英语(本考试科目共11页本页第3页)
杭州师范大学硕士研究生入学考试命题纸
humplikeontheroadwhereitpassesmyowngate,andendeavortoexactashillingfromeverypassenger,thepublicwouldsoondoawaywithmygate,withoutlisteningtoanypleasonmypartthatitwasasadvantageoustothem,intheend,thatIshouldspendtheirshillings,asthattheythemselvesshould.Butif,insteadofoutfacingthemwithaturnpike,Icanonlypersuadethemtocomeinandbuystones,oroldiron,oranyotheruselessthing,outofmyground,Imayrobthemtothesameextentand,moreover,bethankedasapublicbenefactorandpromoterofcommercialprosperity.
AndthismainquestionforthepoorofEngland–forthepoorofallcountries-–iswhollyomittedineverytreatiseonthesubjectofwealth.Evenbythelaborsthemselves,theoperationofcapitalisregardedonlyinitseffectontheirimmediateinterests,neverinthefarmoreterrificpowerofitsappointmentofthekindandtheobjectoflabor.Itmatterslittle,ultimately,howmuchalaborispaidformakinganything;butitmattersfearfullywhatthethingiswhichheiscompelledtomake.Ifhislaborissoorderedastoproducefood,freshair,andfreshwater,nomatterthathiswagesarelow;thefoodandthefreshandwaterwillbeatleastthere,andhewillatlastgetthem.Butifheispaidtodestroyfoodandfreshair,ortoproduceironbarsinsteadofthem,thefoodandairwillfinallynotbethere,andhewillnotgetthem,tohisgreatandfinalinconvenience.Sothat,conclusively,inpoliticalasinhouseholdeconomy,thegreatquestionis,notsomuchwhatmoneyyouhaveinyourpocket,aswhatyouwillbuywithitanddowithit.
6.Theauthorgivestheexampleofatollgate(Para.1)toindicatethat_____.
A.itisanactofrobbery
B.itisanimpracticalplan
C.itwillbreakthelaw
D.itcanmakepeoplerich
7.Theword“fallacy”(Para.1)probablymeans_________.
A.incorrectexplanations
B.arbitraryexplanations
C.reasonableexcuses
D.logicalerrorsinargument
8.Itcanbeinferredthatinregardtotheaccumulationofwealththeauthor_______.
A.equatestherichwiththethief
B.indicatesthattherearefewhonestbusinessmen
C.condonessomedishonestyinbusinessdealings
D.believesdestructionofpropertyisgoodbecauseitcreatesconsumerdemand
2011年考试科目代码723考试科目名称综合英语(本考试科目共11页本页第4页)
杭州师范大学硕士研究生入学考试命题纸
9.Whatisthe“mainquestionforthepoor”referredtobytheauthorinthepassage?
A.Thepoorarenotthemasterofthemselves.
B.Thepoorfailtoseetherealpoweroftheoperationofcapital.
C.Thepoordonotunderstandthattheyarebuyingthingstheydonotneed.
D.Thelaborersarealwaysdeceivedbytherichwhopretendtobebenefactors.
10.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthor’sattitudetowardtheearlystageofBritishindustrializationshouldbeoneof_________.
A.ambiguityB.indifferenceC.disgustD.admiration
TEXTC
Languageistheroadmapofaculture.Ittellsyouwhereitspeoplecomefromandwheretheyaregoin
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