本科毕业设计英语单位名词研究以《牛津高阶英汉双解词典第六版》为例.docx
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本科毕业设计英语单位名词研究以《牛津高阶英汉双解词典第六版》为例.docx
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本科毕业设计英语单位名词研究以《牛津高阶英汉双解词典第六版》为例
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Abstract
It’sbelievedthatquantifierdoesnotexistinEnglish,andpeopledonotthinkthattheso-called“quantifiers”inEnglisharenotintheirtruesense.Theirrolesarejustplayedbysomenormalnouns.Sotrulyspeaking,these“quantifiers”merelybelongtonouns,namely,“unitnouns”.Thisessayhascollectedalltheunitnounsselectedfromover300thathavebeencollectedinOxfordAdvancedLearner’sEnglish-ChineseDictionary(6thEdition).Itaimstomasterthecorrectuseofunitnounsandputforwardthenon-equivalencephenomenonintranslationbetweenEnglishunitnounandChinesequantifier,soastoemphasizethedifferenceofhabitualexpressionsandculturalbackgroundbetweentwolanguages.ItishopefulthattheresearchresultofthisessaycanbringnewideasfortheresearchofunitnounsandoffersomereferenceandhelpforEnglishlearners.
Keywords:
Englishunitnoun;Chinesequantifier,collection,species,translation,non-equivalence
摘要
一般而言,英语中不存在量词,因为英语中所谓的“量词”,其实并不是真正意义上的量词,而只是由一些普通名词来充当,所以准确地说,它们属于名词类,或称为“单位名词”。
本文从《牛津高阶英汉双解词典(第六版)》出发,对其收录的300多个单位名词进行归类研究,以便掌握单位名词的准确用法。
另外,文章提出了英语单位名词和汉语量词在翻译时出现的不对等现象,从而强调了两者之间的表达习惯和文化背景的差异,此研究结果希望能为英语单位名词研究提供新的思路,并为英语语言学习者提供一些参考和帮助。
关键词:
英语单位名词;汉语量词;收集;分类;翻译;不对等
Contents
Abstractii
摘要iii
1.Introduction1
1.1Researchbackground1
1.2Organizationofthedissertation2
2.LiteratureReview3
2.1ThedefinitionsofEnglishunitnounandChinesequantifier3
2.1.1ThedefinitionsofEnglishunitnoun3
2.1.2ThedefinitionsofChinesequantifier3
2.2ThecharacteristicsofEnglishunitnoun4
2.3ThefunctionsofEnglishunitnoun4
2.4Researchstatus4
2.5Summary5
3.Methodology6
3.1Researchobjectives6
3.2Researchmethodanddatacollection6
3.3SurveyonthefrequencyofEnglishunitnoun6
3.4Summary7
4.TheSpecificsofEnglishUnitNoun8
4.1ThespecificsofEnglishunitnoun8
4.1.1Unitnounsmodifyingobjectsofdifferentshapes8
4.1.2Unitnounsmodifyinghumans9
4.1.3Unitnounsmodifyinganimals9
4.1.4Unitnounsmodifyingvolume10
4.1.5Unitnounsmodifyingmeasurement10
4.1.6Unitnounsexpressingdifferentemotionsoractions10
4.2Summary10
5.TheComparisonofEnglishUnitNounandChineseQuantifier11
5.1Non-equivalenceofpragmaticfunctions11
5.1.1Non-equivalenceeinadjectivecollocations11
5.1.2Non-equivalenceinoverlappingstructures11
5.2UntranslatabilityinEnglishunitnounandChinesequantifier12
6.Conclusion13
6.1Summary13
6.2Limitationandsuggestionsforfutureresearch13
References14
Acknowledgements15
1.Introduction
1.1Researchbackground
Wehumanbeingssharethesameworldandalotofthings.Despitethedifferenceoflanguages,manyaspectsoftheselanguagesareinterlinked,buteverythingisnotthesame.Alanguagehasitsownspecificformandparticularsocialandhistoricalbackground.Thatiswhyeachlanguageintheworldhasitsowncharacter.EnglishandChinesebelongtotwofamiliesoflanguages,Indo-EuropeanlanguagesandSino-Tibetanlanguagesrespectively.Theyaretotallydifferentnotonlyingeographicpositionwheretheyareoriginatedfrombutalsointheculture,modeofthinkingandotherbackgroundsoftheirethnics.InChinese,thereisaclassofwordsnamedquantifier,whichisabundantinvocabularyandprofoundinculturaldeposits.WhileinEnglish,thereisnosuchindependentclassofwords.Instead,nounwordsareusedtoexpresstheconceptofquantifierandthiscomestoshapeaparticularlinguisticform.So,arethesequantifiersandunitnounsthesame?
It’scommonlybelievedthatquantifierdoesnotexistinEnglish,becausepeopledonotthinkthattheso-called“quantifiers”inEnglisharenotintheirtruesense.Theirrolesarejustplayedbysomenormalnouns.Sotrulyspeaking,these“quantifiers”merelybelongtonouns,namely,“unitnouns”.Forexample,insomephrasessuchas“acupoftea”,“abottleofwine”,“acollectionofpaintings”,theyaremadeupbytwonounwords,cupandtea,bottleandwine,collectionandpainting.ThesephrasesdonotincludethosequantifiersasinChinesewithitsspecificmeaningtoindicatethequantity.Moreover,manyuncommonwordslikehorde,wisp,stud,hive,speck,spasm,etc.canactasunitnouns.Youcannotignorethemoutofnotknowingthem,sincetheyreallyexist.So,whetheryouproornotthesayingofquantifierinEnglish,thislinguisticformdoesexist.Whatpeopleneedtodiscussishowtodenominateit.
Actually,comparedwithChinese,therearesomesituationsinEnglishthatunitnounsarenotnecessary,e.g.:
aflower,aknife,etc.;whileinChinese,thesekindsofsituationsusuallyappearinancientChinese,like一人(aperson),一桌(adesk),一椅(achair),etc.orinlocutionsoridiomssuchas三心二意(sanxineryi):
beoftwominds;九牛二虎(jiuniuerhu):
tremendouseffort;三头六臂(santouliubi):
superability,etc.Butnowadays,quantifiersareusedindailyexpressionsofmostsituations.WecanseethatChineseandEnglishhavetheirownemphasisandwaysofexpressiononthisclassofwords.SoinmutualtranslationbetweenChineseandEnglish,therearesomeEnglishwordswhicharedifficulttotranslateintorelevantChinesequantifiersandviceversa.
Throughanalysisbasedonactuallinguisticdata,wecanmastertheunitnounsbyclassifyingthem,knowingtheirfeatures,comparingtwolanguages.Allthesecanmakecontributiontostrengtheningtheacknowledgementandcorrectwaytouseofunitnouns,tothemutualstudyandcommunicationofbothlanguages,andmoreimportantly,tocreatingnewwaysoftranslationinthefuture.
1.2Organizationofthedissertation
Thisdissertationincludessixchapters.Thefirstchapterillustratestheresearchbackgroundandtheimportanceofthepresentstudy.ChapterTworeviewsthedefinitionsofEnglishunitnounandChinesequantifier.ItalsopresentsabriefcharacteristicsandfunctionsofEnglishunitnoun.ReviewsofpreviousstudiesontheEnglishunitnounandChinesequantifierareprovided.ChapterThreecontainsinformationaboutthepresentstudy,includingresearchsubjects,method,datacollection,andtheresultsofthefrequencyandvarietyofEnglishunitnoun.ChapterFourspreadsoutthespecificsofEnglishunitnoun.ChapterFivediscussesthenon-equivalenceanduntranslatabilitybetweenEnglishunitnounandChinesequantifier.Finally,wedrawtheconclusionwithlimitationsofthedissertationandsuggestfurtherresearch.
2.LiteratureReview
ThischapterfirstbeginswithdefinitionofEnglishunitnounandChinesequantifier.Then,itcontinueswiththecharacteristicsandfunctionsofEnglishunitnoun.ThefinalsectionofthischapterdealswiththepreviousstudiesonEnglishunitnounandChinesequantifier.
2.1ThedefinitionsofEnglishunitnounandChinesequantifier
2.1.1ThedefinitionsofEnglishunitnoun
AsoneoftheIndo-Europeanlanguages,thereisno“quantifier”asoneparticularwordclassinEnglish.Therefore,differentnamesoftheconcepttopartitiveconstructionhavearousedalotofattentionfromscholarsathomeandabroad.
ZhangZhenbangconsideredthewordswhichshow“the‘unit’ofpeopleorthingsoroftheactions”as“unitnouns”.Hethoughta“unitnounisthenounthatexpressestheindividualityofthings.Whenaunitnouncombineswithacountablenoun,theycanexpressthemeaningof“agroup”.Theuncountablenounscanalsobecombinedwith“a”or“one”whentheycomeafteraunitnoun”(TangHaiqin,2004).
InthetextbookCollegeEnglisheditedbyDongYafen,“‘unitnouns’isadopted.”Atthesametime,sheused“unitword”torefertothesimilarwordsof“unitnouns”(TangHaiqin,2004).
AccordingtoZhangDaozhen(2002)’sdefinitioninPracticalEnglishGrammar,“quantifier”isnotaparticularword,butmanypronounsanddeterminativesarerelatedtonumerals,suchassome,much,half,twomonths’,miles,andsoon.
Palmer.H.(1975)usedthetermof“quantitativedeterminatives”in1975.AndinAGrammarofContemporaryEnglisheditedbyQuirk.R.(1972),heusedthetermof“partitives”,or“partitivenouns”.
2.1.2ThedefinitionsofChinesequantifier
“Quantifier”isoneofwordclassesinChineselanguage.SotheresearchesofChinesequantifierhavebeencarefullydiscussedbytheChinesescholarsfordecades.ThedifferentdiscussionsaboutChineseQuantifiercanbeknownfromthefollowingdefinitions.
In1924,“量词”emergedinLiJingxi’sxinzhuguoyuwenfa《新著国语文法》(NewChineseGrammar,黎锦熙).Hesaid,“Classifieristhenoundenotingthenumber.Itcomesafternumeralstoexpresstheunitofanoun”(TangHaiqin,2004).
In1957,ZhangZhigonginhishanyuyufachangshi《汉语语法常识》(GeneralKnowledgeAboutChineseGrammar,张志公)said,“toexpressquantityandtheunit,aworddenotingthenumberisusuallylinkedwithaworddenotingtheunit,therefore,wecallthem‘numeralclassifiers’”(TangHaiqin,2004).
AnotherlinguistDingShengshu,thefirstonewhostudiedclassifierasaparticularwordclass,thetermof“量词”wasfirstsuggestedinhisxiandaihanyuyufajianghua《现代汉语语法讲话》(ModernChineseGrammar,丁声树).Inhisopinion,“classifierswerealwaysfollowedbydemonstrativepronounsandnumerals,andnumeralsplusclassifiercanbecallednumeralclassifier”(HeJie,2001).
2.2ThecharacteristicsofEngl
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