Unit SixText AA Brief Story of Stephen Hawking.docx
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Unit SixText AA Brief Story of Stephen Hawking.docx
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UnitSixTextAABriefStoryofStephenHawking
UnitSixTextAABriefHistoryofStephenHawking
L1
1.Preview(Lead-in)
2.Listening(R:
P182)
Instructions:
Preteachessentialnewvocabulary.Tellthestudentsthey’regoingtohearashortpassageaboutStevenHawking,thescientistandauthor.Astheylistenthefirsttime,theyshouldunderlinethesectionsoftheparagraphbelowthatdifferfromwhattheyhear(onthetape).Thepassagecouldbelistenedtotwiceinclass.
(Theinformationthatisprintedinthebookiscorrect:
Hawkinglisthisvoicein1985;andhecommunicatedbyraisinghiseyebrows.ThecomputerwasinventedbyanAmerican;itletshimconstructsentencesatarateofabout15wordsperminute;andhejokesthatitgiveshimanAmericanaccent.)
3.Warm-upActivity
StephenHawkingisthemostfamouslivingscientistthathaseverbeen.Hawkinghasbeendubbed“Einstein’sheir,”“thegreatestgeniusofthelatetwentiethcentury,”“thefinestmindalive,”andonejournalistevenbestoweduponhimtheillustrioustitleof“MasteroftheUniverse.”Beforegettingdowntothetext,
1)AskSswhattheyknowaboutStephenHawking;
2)writeontheblackboardwhatthey’vementioned;
3)piecetogethertheinformationtheygive;
4)thenreadthepassage(R:
P78)aboutStephenHawkingtotheSs,andaskthemtoanswerthequestionsthatfollowtochecktheircomprehension;and
5)presentthetextwhentheyhavegotageneralideaaboutStephenHawking.
Questions:
1)WhathasStephenHawkingbeenworkingonforthepasttwenty-years?
(Hehasbeenworkingon“blackholes”andtheoriginandworkingsoftheuniverse.)
2)Whatkindoftroublehasheenduredinhisprivatelife?
(HehassufferedfromthecripplingdiseaseALS,ormotorneurondisease.)
3)HowhasheretainedhismobilitysincehegotALS?
(Hehasdependedonawheelchair.)
4)HowdoesStephenHawkingfacehishardship?
(Hemanagestoendureitandcontinueshisresearchwithzest.)
5)WhydosomepeoplesaythatALShasactuallyhelpedhiminpursuinghiscareer?
(Becauseithasallowedhimtobefreefromtheresponsibilitiesofeverydaylifeandgivenhimmorefreedomtofocusonhisresearch.)
4.BackgroundInformation
R:
P79①StephenHawking&ABriefHistoryofTime②GuinnessBookofRecords③AldousHuxley(1894-1963)④BertrandRussell(1872-1970)⑤TheSundayTimes⑥Galileo(1564-1642)⑦blackhole
L2
1.NewWords
proclaimvt.saypubliclyandofficially宣告,宣布
eg.~thegoodnews,~apublicholiday
AfteritsindependenceIndiawas~ed(ieofficiallydeclaredtobe)arepublic.
n.proclamation
bypublic~公开声明
issue/makea~发布公告
heirn.personwiththelegalrighttoreceiveproperty,ectwhentheownerdies继承人
~tosth.
eg.be~toalargefortune,atitle,thethrone是大笔财产、头衔、王位的继承人
Shemadeherstepson(her)heir.
best-sellern.sth.(esp.abook)thatsellsinverylargenumbers畅销产品(尤指书)
eg.[attrib]the~list畅销书目录
a.best-sellingeg.a~novel,author,series
top-tena.排行前十名
virtuallyad.almost;verynearly;practically几乎;实际上
eg.Lastnight’sfrostwasunprecedented,~everyflowerinthegardenwaskilled.
Thesesmallerrorsare~veryimpossibletodeletewithinsuchaperiodoftime.
Manyspeciesofwildanimalshave~disappearedfromtheearth.
virtuala.beingoractingaswhatisdescribed,butnotacceptedassuchinnameorofficially实质上,实际上(但并非正式的)
eg.Ourdeputymanageristhe~headofthebusiness.公司的实际负责人。
A~stateifwarexistsbetweenthetwocountries.这两国间实际上处于战争状态。
paralyse,-zevt.cause(someorallofthebodymuscles)tobecomeuncontrollableorstiff;(fig.)makepowerlessormakeineffective;causetostopworking使瘫痪
eg.Afterastroke,hisleftarmandlegwere~d.
Electricityfailure~dthewholetown.
obstaclen.(usu.fig通常作比喻)thinginthewaythateitherstopsprogressormakesitdifficult障碍;妨害物
eg.~stoworldpeace
Notbeingabletopasshismathematicsexamprovedan~tohiscareer
~race障碍赛跑
eccentrica.(ofpeople,behavior)unusual;peculiar;notconventionalornormal(指人、举止)异乎寻常的;古怪的;怪癖的
eg.his~habits;an~oldlady
n.eccentricity
tropicala.of,likeorfoundinthetropics热带的,发生于热带的
eg.~fruit,a~climate
carpetn.地毯
wallpapern.thickcoloredorpatternedpaperfordecoratingthewallsofaroom墙纸,壁纸
compoundword:
playground,background,classroom,etc.
peelvi.(ofacovering)comeoffinstripsorsmallpieces剥落,脱落
eg.Afterthesunburn,byhusband’sskin~ed.
Thepaintontheshedis~ing.
vt.(off)removetheoutercoveringfrom(afruit,vegetable,etc.)剥去…的皮;剥去…的壳
eg.MotherwantedCharlieto~somepotatoesforsalad.
TheIndians~edthebarkfromtreestomakecanoes.
n.theoutercoveringoffruitsandvegetables(水果、蔬菜等的)皮
eg.lemon~
anniversaryn.yearlyreturnofthedateofanevent;celebrationofthis周年纪念日;周年纪念
eg.thehundredth~ofthecomposer’sdeath;ourwedding~
[attrib]an~dinner
mathematiciann.apersonwhostudiesmathematics数学家
mathematicala.oforconcerningmathematics数学(上)的
eg.a~calculation,formula,etc.数学运算、公式等
astronomern.apersonwhostudiesastronomy天文学家
astronomyn.thescientificstudyofthesun,moon,stars,planets,etc.天文学
revolutionise,-izevt.cause(sth.)tochangecompletelyordrastically使发生根本性或巨大改变
eg.Computershave~dbanking.计算机的运用彻底改变了银行业务运作
solara.1.of,concerningorrelatedtothesun太阳的;与太阳相关的
eg.~energy
2.usingthesun’slightandheat利用太阳光(或太阳能)的
eg.~heating太阳能加热;solar-powered以太阳能为动力的
ancienta.belongingtotimeslongpast古代的;远古的
eg.~civilization
figurativelyad.比喻地;借喻地
a.figurative:
(ofwords)usedinanimaginativeorametaphoricalwayratherthanliterally(指言语)比喻的
eg.‘Heexplodedwithrage’showsa~useoftheverb‘toexplode’.“他肺都气炸了”一句中的“炸”字是比喻用法。
literallyad.1.accordingtothemostbasicandsimplemeaningofaword字面上地;照文字地
eg.Idiomsusuallycannotbetranslated~inanotherlanguage.
2.exactly,really确实地,不加夸张地
eg.WhenhesaidheneverwantedtoseeyouagainI’msurehedidn’tmeanit~.
他说他再也不想见你了,我肯定他言不由衷。
elite(élite)a.(Fr)(ofpeopleororganizations)consideredtobethebestoftheirkind(法)杰出
的,卓越的;精锐的
eg.an~force,regiment精锐部队,兵团
n.agroupofthemostpowerful,richortalentedpeople精英阶层;实力集团
eg.theruling,scientific~掌权的、科学方面的精英
classicala.1.(ofmusic)composedwithseriousintentionsandhavinglastingvalue(ascomposedtojazzorpop)古典的;古典乐派的
eg.the~symphony;~composerssuchasMozartandHaydn
2.beinginaccordancewithancientGreekorRomanmodelsinliteratureorartorwithlatersystemsbasedonthem古典(指古希腊或古罗马文学、艺术等)的;基于古典文学艺术的
eg.~architecture古希腊与古罗马式的建筑风格
a~scholar研究古希腊与古罗马文学艺术的学者
instinctn.naturalinborntendencytobehaveinacertainwaywithoutreasoningortraining本能,
直觉
~forsth./doingsth.;~todosth.
eg.Birdshavethe~tolearntofly.
Myfirst~wastorefuse,butlaterIreconsidered.
havean~forsurvival
instinctivea.basedoninstinct;notcomingfromtrainingorbasedonreasoning本能的;直觉的
eg.an~fearforfire;an~reaction
insightn.abilitytoseeintothetruenature(ofsth.);deepunderstanding洞察力;深刻的了解
eg.apersonof~有洞察力的人
show~intohumancharacter表现出对人性的深刻了解
abookfullofremarkable~s很有真知灼见的书
posevt.1.ask(aquestion,riddle,etc.)提出(问题等)
eg.~aquestion
2.createorpresent(adifficulty,etc.)造成,引起(困难等)
eg.Winter~sparticulardifficultiesfortheelderly.
Heavytraffic~aprobleminmanyoldtowns.
n.positioninwhichapersonposesorisposed(为画像或拍照而摆的)姿势,姿态
eg.Sheadoptedanelegant~.
initiala.oforatthebeginning;first开始的;最初的;第一个的
eg.the~letterofaword;inthe~stagesofsth.
initiallyad.atthebeginning;atfirst最初;首先
eg.Shecame~tospendafewdays,butintheendshestayedforawholemonth.
relatev.1.giveanaccountof(facts,experiences,etc);tell(astory,etc)叙述,讲述
eg.~theeventsofthelastweek
She~d(tothem)howithappened.
2.seeorshowaconnectionbetween使联系,显示出…与…的联系
eg.Itisdifficulttorelatecauseandeffectinthiscase.
Wealthisseldom~dtohappiness.财富鲜与幸福相关。
underweighta.belowtheusual,legalorstatedweight低于一般重量的;未达标准或规定重量的;重量不足的
eg.Youareonlyslightly~for(ieinrelationto)yourheight.按你的身高来说,你体重仅稍轻一点儿。
Thecoalissixpounds~/~bysixpounds.这些煤的重量少了6磅。
awkwarda.1.lackingskillorgrace;clumsy不灵活的;笨拙的
eg.Iwasalwaysan~dancer.
2.causingdifficulty,embarrassmentorinconvenience造成困难、尴尬或不便的
eg.You’veputmeinavery~position.
3.badlydesigned;difficulttouse设计不当的;使用不便的;别扭的
eg.Thehandleofthisteapothasan~shape.
n.awkwardness
peervi.(through,at)lookcloselyorcarefully,espasifunabletoseewell仔细看;费力地看
eg.~atsb.overone’sspectacles戴着眼镜认真打量某人
~intothemist向雾中张望
~outofthewindow/throughagap凝视窗外;从缝隙中窥视
n.apersonofthesameageorstatusasyou同辈;同等地位的人
eg.Hedoesn’tspendenoughtimewithhispeers.
eyeglassesn.glasses眼镜
inheritvt.1.havefeaturesorqualitiessimilartothoseofanancestor因遗传而获(特性等)
eg.She~edhermother’sgoodlooksandherfather’sbadtemper.
2.receive(property,atitle,etc)asaresultofthedeathofthepreviousowner继承(财
产、头衔等)
eg.She~edalittlemoneyfromhergrandfather.
lispn.speechdefectinwhich/s/ispronouncedas/ø/and/z/as/ð/咬舌;口齿不清
eg.speakwitha~;haveabad,pronounced,slight,etc~有很重的、明显的、轻微的~
crewn.1.peopleworkingonaship,anaircraft,anoil-rig,etc.(轮船、飞机、钻井平台上的)
工作人员
2.groupofpeopleworkingtogether;gang一道工作的班子;队;组
eg.acamera~电影(或电视)摄制组
gapn.(in/betweensth.)1.openingorbreakinsth.orbetweentwothings缺口;裂口;峡谷
eg.Theroadgoesthrougha~i
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