英语课程标准英文版.docx
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英语课程标准英文版.docx
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英语课程标准英文版
NewEnglishCurriculumfor Chinese PrimarySchools andJunior/SeniorMiddleSchools
Part1:
Introduction
Withtheadventoftheinformationageandtheglobaleconomy,Englishhasbecomeincreasinglyimportant.Englishisthedominantcarrierofinformationandthemostwidelyspokenlanguageintheworld.ManycountrieshavemadeEnglishacornerstoneofqualityeducationwhendevelopingstrategiesforbasiceducation.
Since China’sreformandopening,thescaleofitsEnglisheducationhascontinuallygrown,attendedbysignificantachievementsinteachingandlearning.However,Englisheducationinitscurrentformisfailingtomeettheneedsofcontemporarysocialandeconomicdevelopment.
ThecurrentroundofreformstotheEnglishcurriculumaimtoendthefollowingpractices:
● Over-emphasizingthetransmissionandexplanationofknowledgeaboutgrammarandvocabulary
● Neglectingtodevelopstudents’abilitytouselanguageforreal
Intheirplace,thereformsaimtoestablishacurriculumthat:
● Developsstudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetence
● Motivatesstudents,isrelevanttotheirlifeexperiencesandcognitivelevel
● Promotestask-basedteachingmethods
● Involvesstudentsinexperiential,practical,participatoryandcooperativelearning
● Developsstudents’positiveattitudes,thinkingskills,practicalabilities,culturalawarenessandautonomythroughthelanguagelearningprocess
1. TheNatureoftheNewCurriculum
ThenewEnglishcurriculumstrivestoaccomplishfarmorethanjusthelpstudentslearnEnglish.AtonelevellearningEnglishshouldinvolvehelpingstudentsto:
● Developacertainlevelofcomprehensivelanguagecompetenceandtheabilitytouselanguageforrealcommunication
● Mastercertainbasiclanguageknowledge
● Masterlistening,speaking,readingandwritingskills
However,atanotherlevelthecurriculumshouldalsoservestudents’all-rounddevelopment,providingthemwithopportunitiesto:
● StrengthentheirinterestinstudyingEnglish
● Growinself-discipline,perseveranceandself-confidence
● Improvetheircooperative,investigativeandthinkingabilities
● Developtheirmemory,imaginationandcreativity
● Adoptgoodstudyhabitsandeffectivelearningstrategies
● Developasautonomousandlifelonglearners
● Buildmoralintegrityandahealthyoutlookonlife
● Establishbothnationalspiritandanawarenessofandrespectforculturaldifferences
● Broadentheirhorizonsandenrichtheirlifeexperience
● Takepartinculturallife
● Developasindividuals
2. BasicPrinciplesoftheNewCurriculum
Thecurriculumpromotesqualityeducation(asopposedtoexam-orientatededucation)andthe all-rounddevelopment ofthestudents
Topromotequalityeducationparticularattentionmustbepaidto:
● Valuingeachstudent’sfeelings
● Stimulatingstudents’interestinstudyingEnglish
● Helpingstudentsgainasenseofachievementandself-confidence
Thecurriculummustgobeyonddevelopingstudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetencetoincludeareassuchas:
● Improvingstudents’abilitytocontributetoculturalandsociallife
● Developingstudents’practicalabilities
● Fosteringstudents’creativity
Thecurriculumobjectivesareholisticandflexible.
ThefundamentalaimofthenewEnglishcurriculumistodevelopstudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetence.Thisaimisbrokendownintofivegeneralobjectives.Theseobjectivesarethendividedintonineabilitylevelswithdescriptorsprovidedforeachlevel.Thefivegeneralobjectivesare:
1. LanguageSkills
2. LanguageKnowledge
3. AttitudestoLearning
4. LearningStrategies
5. CulturalAwareness
Thisdesignallowsstudentstoprogresssystematicallythrougheachlevelwhilstmeetingthefullrangeofthecurriculum’sdemands.
Studentsareputatthecentreofthecurriculumandindividualdifferencesarerespected
Students’mustbeattheheartofthenewcurriculum.Forexample,theirdevelopmentalneedsmustbethecentralconsiderationwhendeveloping:
● Curriculumobjectives
● Theteachingandlearningprocess
● Theassessmentprocess
● Teachingandlearningresources
Whenimplementingthecurriculumeachstudentmustbeallowedtodevelopindividuallyundertheguidanceoftheteacher:
Thecurriculumpromotesactivity-basedmethods,experientialandparticipatorylearning
Thecurriculumpromotestask-basedlearningwhereby,undertheguidanceoftheteacher,thestudentsgainasenseofachievementbyreachingthegoalsofthetask.Taskcompletionwillinvolvethefollowingtypesoflearning:
● Sensory
● Experiential
● ‘Handson’/practical
● Participatory
● Cooperative
Inordertoimprovetheirabilitytouselanguageforrealcommunication,studentsshouldalsobeableto:
● Adjusttheirlearningstrategiesandcontroltheiremotions
● Formpositiveattitudestowardslearning
Thecurriculumrecognizestheimportantroleofformativeassessmentinpromotingstudent’development
Theassessmentsystemshouldcombineformativewithsummativeassessment.Thepurposesofassessmentshouldbeto:
● Promotestudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetence
● Encourageandmotivatestudents
● Helpstudentsbecomemoreautonomouslearners
● Benefitstudents’healthypersonaldevelopment
● Giveteachersusefulfeedbackfromwhichtodevelopteachingandlearning
● InformtheongoingdevelopmentandperfectionoftheEnglishcurriculum
FormativeassessmentshouldbeanimportantpartoftheEnglishteachingandlearningprocesswithaparticularemphasison:
● Encouragingstudents’activeparticipationinlearning
● Improvingstudents’self-confidence
Summativeassessmentshouldfocuson:
● Testingstudents’integratedlanguageskills
● Testingstudents’abilitytouselanguage
Thecurriculumexpandstherangeoflearningresourcesandopportunitiesavailable
Thecurriculumshouldstrivetouseanddevelopresourceswhosecontentis:
● Realistic
● Closetothestudents’lives
● Contemporary
● Healthy
● Richandvaried
Activeuseshouldbemadeof:
● Audiovisualmaterial
● Printmedia
● TheInternet
Studentsshouldbeencouragedtotakeresponsibilityforfinding,usinganddevelopinglearningresourcesthemselves.
3. TheCurriculumDesign
Thecurriculumfollowstheinternationalpracticeofdividingthegeneralobjectivesintodifferentabilitylevels.Whendesigningtheseninelevelsconsiderationwasgiventothefollowing:
● Thenatureoflanguagedevelopment
● Thedifferentneedsofdifferentagegroups
● Theneedsofdifferentethnicgroupsandareas
● Theeconomicimbalancesthatexistin China
Theaimistohavedesignedasystemthatisholisticandflexible.
Thecorrespondencebetweenthelevelsystemandthegradesystemisshowninthefollowingdiagram:
PrimarySchool
Worktowards:
Notes
Grade3
Level1
StudentsshouldstartstudyingEnglishinGrade3
Grade4
Level1
Grade5
Level2
Grade6
Level2
Therequiredstandardfortheendofprimaryschool
Junior MiddleSchool
Worktowards:
Notes
Grade7(=Junior1)
Level3
Grade8(=Junior2)
Level4
Grade9(=Junior3)
Level5
Therequiredstandardfortheendofjuniormiddleschool
Senior MiddleSchool
Worktowards:
Notes
Senior1
Level6
Senior2
Level7
Senior3
Level8
Therequiredstandardforseniormiddleschoolgraduation
Level9
Anextensionlevelforspecialistschoolsandablestudents
Diagram1:
TheLevelsandtheGrades
Part2:
IntroductiontoTheGeneralObjectives
Thefundamentalaimofthenewcurriculumistodevelopstudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetence.Thiscomprehensivelanguagecompetenceisachievedthroughthefivegeneralobjectivesasshowninthefollowingdiagram:
Diagram3:
ComparisonoftheOldandNewCurriculums
● Languageskillsandknowledge formthebasisofcomprehensivelanguagecompetence
● Thestudents’ attitudestolearning stronglyinfluencetheirlearninganddevelopment
● Successful learningstrategies improvetheeffectivenessofstudents’learning
● Culturalawareness ensuresstudentsuselanguageappropriately
Theoveralldescriptorsfor comprehensivelanguagecompetence (i.e.acombinationofallfivegeneralobjectives)forLevels1to9arepresentedbelow:
Level
Descriptors
1
StudentsarecuriousaboutEnglishandenjoylisteningtopeoplespeakingEnglish.Theycan:
● Playgames,doactionsandactivities(e.g.colouring,joininglines)accordingtosimpleinstructionsfromtheteacher
● Performsimpleroleplays
● SingsimpleEnglishsongs
● Saysimplerhymesandchants
● Understandsimplestoriesbywiththeaidofpictures
● Communicatesimplepersonalinformation
● Expresssimplefeelingsandattitudes
● Writelettersandwords
● TakeinterestinforeignculturalcustomsmetduringlearningEnglish
2
StudentsshowasustainedinterestinandenjoymentoflearningEnglish.Theycan:
● UsesimpleEnglishgreetingsandexchangepersonalinformationandinformationaboutfamilyandfriends
● Performdialogues,songs,rhymesandchantsaboutcontenttheyhavestudied
● Understandandnarratesimplestorieswiththeaidofpictures
● Writesimplesentenceswiththeaidofpicturesorprompts
●
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