Part VI exposition and argumentation.docx
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Part VI exposition and argumentation.docx
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PartVIexpositionandargumentation
III.Exposition
Expositionisperhapsthetypeofwritingthatismostfrequentlyusedbyastudent,ascientist,oraprofessional.Expositionmeansexpoundingorexplaining.Anexpositorypaperexplainsorexploressomething,suchastheprocessofmakingamachine,thecausesofanaturalorsocialphenomenon,theplanningofaproject,orthesolutionofaproblem.
Youhaveseenthatdescriptionmainlydealswithappearancesandfeelings,andnarrationwitheventsandexperiences.Unlikethesetwotypesofwriting,expositionmainlydealswithprocessesandrelationships.Youarewritingadescriptiveessaywhenyoudescribetheappearanceofanobject,butyouarewritinganexpositoryessaywhenyouexplainhowitismade,howitisused,andhowitmaychange.Whenyounarrateahistoricalevent,wetellwhathappened,whenandwhereithappened,andwhotookpartinit.Inanexpositorypaper,youdiscussitscauseandeffect,itsnature,anditssignificanceinhistory.
Thingscanbeexplainedbyillustration,process,definition,classificationanddivision,comparisonandcontrast,orananalysisoftheircausesandeffects.Thatistosay,methodswhicharegoodforparagraphdevelopmentarealsogoodforexpositoryessays.Thedifferenceliesinscopeandproportion.Inaparagraphapointisoftenmadeinoneortwosentences,whileinanessayitmaytakeoneortwoparagraphstomakeapointclear.
Themostimportantqualityofexpositionisclarity.Toachievethisthewritershould:
1)Limithissubjectorthescopeofdiscussion,foritisimpossibletoexplainmanythingsclearlyinashortessay.
2)Prepareenoughmaterial(detailsorexamples)tohelphisexplanation.Theordinaryreaderoftenfindsabstractdiscussionshardtofollowiftheyarenotillustratedbyconcreteexamples.
3)Presenthisfactsandviewsinproperorder,intheorderoftimeoroflogicalsequencedependingonthenatureofthesubject.
4)Payattentiontotheaccuracyandclarityofwordsandsentences.Avoidornamentalaswellasambiguousexpressions.
5)Makehisexposition,ifpossible,interestingormoving—anexperiencedwritercanofteninstructandmoveorentertainhisreaderatthesametime.
1.Illustration
Illustrationessayisanessaywithnumerousbrightexampleswhichillustratethethesisstatement.Itisthemostcommon,andoftenthemostefficientpatternofexposition.Indeed,itishardtowriteagoodpaperofanykindwithoutusingatleastsomeexamples.Goodexampleshelptoclarifyawriter'sthoughtbymakingthegeneralspecific,andtheabstractconcrete.Theyalsoaddinterestandhelptopersuadeorconvincethereader.
Thewriter’staskistochooseatopicwhichmaybecolorfullysupportedbysomesignificantdetailsorpicturesquedescriptionsthatcontributetotheoverallassumptionoftheproblemunderconsideration.Itdoesn’tmeanthatonlyspecificsubjectmaybeworthdescribinginillustrationessays.Thethingisthatsometopicsrequiremoresufficientillustrationsthanothers.Therefore,thewritershouldconsidercarefullythequestionforanalysisforeseeingpossiblewaysofexpressingandevaluatingit.
Asfortheillustrations,theymaybeeithertypicalorspecific,personalorgeneral.Typicalexamplesconcernthewholeoutsideworldanddon’tgiveconcretesourcesorreferences,whilespecificexamplesarethosewhichdealwiththereaderpersonally.Thesemaybesomememoriesfromhislifeexperienceorsomeimportanteventsthathappenedinhislife.Everyproblemthattouchesthereadermayserveasaspecificexampleforhisillustrationessay.Thepersonalexamplesaretheexamplesfromtheauthor’spersonalexperience,whilethegeneralexamplesaretheexampleswhicharecommonforallthepeople.
Ifyouarebentoncomposingagoodillustrationessay,youhavetogettoknowthemainprinciplesoftheillustrationessaycomposing.Theseprinciplesarethefollowing:
●Youshouldchoosetheappropriateapproachtotheexpectedaudience.
●Youcanbreaktherulesoftheillustrationessaystructuring.
●Youhavetomakeyourillustrationessayasbrightandpicturesqueasitispossible.
●Youhavetotimeyourillustrationstotheappropriatestatement.
●Youshouldbebentonimpressingyourreaders.
●Youshouldcareabouteverydetailwithinyourillustrationessay.
●Youshouldproveyourstatementswiththevividexamples.
●Thetoneofyourillustrationessayhastobeexpressive.
Youhavetodoeverythinginordertoallowyourillustrationessayreaderstoseedistinctlytheobjectofyourdescription.Youhavetomakeyourillustrationessayvividandpicturesque,whichistheonlywaytosucceedinwritingtheessay.
Everywriterofillustrationessaysshouldbeawareofthestepshe/sheshouldtakeinordertomakethepaperexcellent.Moreover,everywriterofillustrationessaywouldcertainlyliketogetanytipsthatwouldhelphim/herkeeptotherightdirectiontomovebywhilewritinganillustrationessay.Therearethestepsthatyoushouldtakeinordertomakeyourillustrationessayandthetipstomakeyourpaperperfect.
1. Choosingatopicofanillustrationessay.Takeintoaccountyourpersonalandyourreader’spreferences.Ineverykindofpaperwritingthemostimportantthingistogetmotivated.Itisprobablythemostimportantconditionthatyieldsgoodresults;
2. Gatheringsources.Youcannotbutuseadditionalauxiliaryinformationtocoverthetopicofyourillustrationessayfully.Userelevanttothepresentdays’sources;
3. Thinkingoverandformulatingathesisstatement.Trytomakeathesisstatementofyourillustrationessayascatchyaspossible.Yoursuccessintheessaydonewillmuchdependontheexclusivenessofyourthesisstatement;
4. MakingIntroduction.Theintroductorypartofyourillustrationessayisalreadyhalf-doneduetoformulationofyourthesisstatement.Addafewsentencesmore,anditiscompleted;
5. MakingMainBody.Trytoavoidrepetitionsandkeeptothemainideayouareconveying.Donotfocusonsecondaryinformation;
6. DrawingConclusion.Themainthinghereistoansweryourmainidea.
Likeanyothertypeofessay,illustrationessayneedsstatementofaproblemandprovidingsupportingevidencesforthebenefitofthehypothesisstated.Therefore,illustrationessayshouldbebasedonproperlycreatedstructure.Thereisastandardstructurerequiredforillustrationessay.Itispresentedbelow:
• Introduction.Thefirstparagraphofillustrationessaysisdedicatedtoathesisstatement.Firstlyyoushouldgiveabriefoverviewoftheproblem,justingeneralandthenintroduceyourownhypothesisasforthisproblem.Introductionshouldbeneithertoolong,nortooshort.Themainthingistopresenttheproblemfully.Thismaytakeyoufromonetoseveralsentences;
• Body.Itishereyoushouldstartsupportingyourhypothesisfrom.Illustrationofexampleswillbeyourtrumpcard.However,statisticaldataorexperts’pointsofviewwillnolessbegoodillustrationformakingoutyourcase.MakingtheMainBodyofyourillustrationessayshouldbebasedontheinformationpresentedinIntroduction.Thethoughts,keyandsupportingideasshouldflowgraduallyfromeachother.Onthewholetheyshouldmakeacoherentchainofstatements;
• Conclusion.Probably,themostimportantpartofyourillustrationessayisConclusion.Everytutorgiveshis/herlasthandtoevaluationoftheessayfromitsConclusion.AneffectiveConclusionmakesareaderkeepthinkingabouttheproblemafterhe/shehasalreadyfinishedreading.
Illustrationissometimesusedaloneasthebasicmeansofdevelopment.Butitisalso,andperhapsmorefrequently,usedwithotherbasictechniques,suchascomparisonandcontrast,classificationanddivision,definition,etc.
Asuccessfulillustrationpaperdependson
1)Awiseselectionofsufficientexampleswhicharespecificandtypical,interestingandrelevant—theexamplesmaybeeitherpersonalexperiencesorsecond-handinformationfromreliablesources,and
2)Anexpertarrangementoftheseexamples—similarorrelatedexamplesshouldbegroupedtogetherandarrangedclimactically.
Sometimes,youneedtowriteyouressayonsomestereotypes.Letustakesuchastereotype:
Russiaisacountrywhereeverybodydrinksvodka,wearsfur-capsandthebearsarewalkingalongthestreets.
ThisisacommonstereotypeamongpeoplelivingintheWest.Andthisstereotypecanbeeasilydisproved.HaveyoueverbeentoMoscoworanyotherbigcity?
Haveyouseenthosepeople,cars,supermarkets?
Bytheway,evennotverybigcitiesdonotlookliketheyaredescribedinallthestereotypesaboutRussia.
Ifyouneedsomegoodexamples,itisbetter,ofcourse,togothereandseeit.Ifyoudonothavethisopportunity,youcangivesomeotherillustrations.Forinstance,youcantellaboutamazingRussianmoviesthatarenominatedtoOscar.YoumayconsiderRussianathletes,figure-skaters,whowinthegoldenmedalsintheinternationalcompetitions.Finally,youmayconsiderRussianpresident.Althoughheisaccusedofhavingimperialisticambitions,thisisamanofprinciple,whomadealltheRussiansbeproudoftheircountry.
So,itwasanexamplehowsomethingcanbeillustratedinyouressay.Iamsurethatagoodexampleisbetterthanthehundredsofwordstryingtoexplainsomething.Givinggoodexamplesissomethingyouwillhavetodowhilewritinganillustrationessay.Youhaveacertainideaorapointofview,andinyourillustrationessayyouwillneedtofindtherightexamplestoconvincethereaderthatyouareright.
Asyourillustrationessayisnotalongpieceofwork,youaretodividetheexamplesequally:
inordernott
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