第六章成语谚语明喻.docx
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第六章成语谚语明喻.docx
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第六章成语谚语明喻
idioms
Whatisanidiom?
Anidiomisanelementofalanguagethatpossessesauniquewayofexpressionbasedonitstime-honoreduse.
Thatistosay,anidiomisafixedgroupofwordsorasingleword,orevenasentence,withaspecialmeaningthatcannotbeguessedfromitsstructure.Themeaningofanidiommustbelearnedasawhole.
The9featuresofEnglishidioms:
1Englishidiomscanbeveryshortorratherlong
AnIndiansummer;
风和日丽的日子
fortywinks;
午睡
Youneverknowtheworthofwatertillthewellisdry.
井干方知水宝贵
Youmaytakeahorsetothewater,butyoucannotmakehimdrink.
领马河边易,逼马饮水难。
2Englishidiomstakedifferentstructures.
1)anirregularandillogicalstructure
Inthesentence“I’mgoodfriendswithhim”,“Goodfriendswith”isirregularinstructure.
begoodfriendswith与…交友,和…友好
Intheidiom“diamondcutdiamond”,“cut”isirregularandillogicalform棋逢对手
2)regularstructurebutmeaningisnotclear
Tohaveabeeinone’sbonnet(软帽),
forinstance,hasaregularstructure,butthemeaningisnotclear.Itmeans“tohaveastrangefixedideaaboutsomething”.异想天开,有点神经不正常
Togivesomeonethegreenlight
批准;允许
3)bothstructureandmeaningareirregular
“Todothroughthickandthin”
isanexample.Itmeans“throughbothgoodandbadtimes”or“inspiteofallthedifficulties.”在任何情况下;不畏艰难困苦
gogreatguns
高效地干
3theidiomswhichcannotbechangedatallarecalledfixedidioms.
Suchas:
“Astitchintimesavesnine”isafixedidiom,becausenoonewordcanbechangedinit.Itisnotpossibletosay“onestitchsavesnine,”or“Astitchintimesaveseight.”
小洞不补大洞吃苦
Topaintthetownred
狂欢作乐
Tofightshyofsomething
避免与…正面接触
wearthetrousers
掌权当家
Atthetopofthetree
处于首要地位,占显著地位(特指在本人的行业中)
Theidiomsarenotfixedinallpartsareconsideredpartlyfixedidioms.
Suchas,“totakefortywinks”,wecansay“tohavefortywinks”,ortoenjoyfortywinks,butwecannotsay“fifty”or“eightywinks.小睡一会
Cometoabad/nasty/sticky/nogood/untimelyend
Tokeepasharp/careful/watchful/professionaleyeonsomebody
Cometo/make/arriveatanagreement
4anEnglishidiomhasaspecialmeaning
Toraincatsanddogs(torainveryhard)
5Theycanbeusedincolloquialandformalsituations
6Englishidiomsconsistofobsolete['ɑbsə,lit](old)words
Kithandkin亲戚
Toandfro前前后后
8Englishidiomsareoftencreatedonthebasisofalliteration头韵,rhyme押韵,euphony谐音andrepetition重复
Blackandblue(淤青);firstandforemost
Byandby(不久,后来);littlebylittle
Astitchintimesavesnine.
Beggarscannotbechoosers(饥不择食).
Firstcomefirstserved.
9Englishidiomsrepresentasemanticunit,thoughtheycontainagroupofwords
Tomakeupone’smind=todecide
Togoon=tocontinue
Tobringup=toeducate
8Englishidiomsareusuallymadeofcommonly–usedwords.Theyarevividinusage,briefinstructureandprofoundinmeaning
Toturnupone’snoseat看不起
Toflyhigh有雄心壮志
Tocryforthemoon想做做不到的事
abullinachinashop
abullinachinashop形象生动,喻义明显,因此在日常生活中常常被用来形容那些做事毛手毛脚或言谈举止粗鲁莽撞的人;卤莽之人
我们举两个例句:
1.WewerejustabouttocometoanagreementwhenJohncameinlikeabullinachinashop.Hisroughremarksturnedeverythingupsidedown.
我们正快要谈妥时,约翰像公牛闯进瓷器店似的跑进来,说话粗野,把一切都给搅坏了。
2.Thenewhousemaidislikeabullinachinashop.Whenshehelpsinthekitchen,shesometimesbreaksacup,andsometimesknocksdishesoffthetable.
新来的女佣是个毛手毛脚的人。
她在厨房干活的时候,一会儿打碎杯子,一会儿又把桌子上的碟子碰到地上。
idioms
Don'tbeatadeadhorse.
别再做无用之功
buyapiginapoke
不看清货色就买下来,瞎(或乱)买东西,“poke”means“sack”.
idioms
tobebornwithasilverspooninone'smouth
天生富贵人家
tomakeacleansweepofsomething
来一个彻底清除的东西
Hitthenailonthehead
说得中肯,一针见血;做得恰到好处,击中要害
idioms
tobeinthesameboatassomeone
在同一条船上的人;处境相同
tobeindeepwaters陷入困境
tosailunderfalsecolors
欺世盗名;挂羊头卖狗肉
crossswordswithsomeone
交锋;争论
tofightapitchedbattle来打一场激战
Bellthecat是一个固定短语,意思是“为了大家的利益承担风险”,这个短语是怎么来的呢?
Bellthecat源自一个故事:
有一窝老鼠,因为怕猫,不敢出去找食物。
其中有一只老鼠想了一个办法,在猫的脖子上套一个铃铛,这样,他们就可以知道猫在哪里,然后避开它找食物。
这个办法得到全体老鼠的一致拥护,但有一个最重要的问题尚未解决:
谁去给猫套铃铛呢?
也就是:
Whowillbellthecat?
这个故事的结局怎样,没有明确的说法,但bellthecat这个短语却被人们反复引用,成了习语。
It'squitedifficulttogetamanwhocanbellthecat.
很难找到危险时刻能够挺身而出的人了。
Bellthecat
Structures:
1.Noun+noun
Bagandbaggage
adv.完全地;连同行李地
Partandparcel
重要的部分
Adoginthemanger
[口语]占马槽的狗,占着茅坑不拉屎的人,(对某物)自己不享用又不让别人享用的人
Aholeinthewall[美国俚语]
隧道
狭小黑暗的店铺(或住所等)
2.n.+prep.
Highanddry孤立无援
leavesthhighanddry
让某事搁浅
LeaveSomeoneHighandDry
把某人丢在一边不管
leavemehighanddry
让我陷入困境
3.adj.+adj.
highandlow
1.楼上楼下,上上下下,到处
2.各色人等,高低贵贱的人们,社会各阶层
3.高低贵贱(的人们)
4.到处
3.adj.+adj
coldwar
1.(国家之间通过政治、经济、军事、思想等途径进行的)冷战
2.(两党间的)冷战
3.[C-W-](第二次世界大战后美国等西方国家与苏联间的)冷战
4.adj.+n.
4.adj.+n.
adarkhorse
实力难测的竞争者;出人意外的获胜者
apregnantsilence
一个意味深长的沉默
4.adj.+n.
greenwithenvy
1.非常妒忌
2.妒忌得脸色发青,非常妒忌,充满嫉妒情绪;十分羡慕
wildwithjoy
欣喜若狂
欢天喜地
5.Adj.+prep.
abeatenpath
踏出来的(或走惯的)路;常规;普通方法;惯例
apeepingTom
偷窥狂
6.Participle+n.
7.As…as
As…as短语
astimidasarat胆小如鼠
astimidasachicken胆小如鼠
astimidasahare胆小如鼠;怯懦如鼠
astimidasamouse胆小如鼠;谓胆子小得像老鼠那样
astimidasarabbit胆小如鼠;胆小如兔;害羞的
asproudasapeacock:
极骄傲;非常高傲;不可一世
aseasyasABC
(非常容易)
ascoolascucumber
(沉着的)
asstubbornasamule
(非常顽强的,倔强的)
asclearascrystal
(非常透明的)
aspoorasachurchmouse
(非常贫困的)
asbusyasabee
(非常繁忙的)
7.As…as
onpurpose
故意地;有意地;有目的地
inallconscience
1.凭良心;公平地
2.当然,一定
8.prep.phrase
gogreen
【军事】转为机密电话
cometrue
1.(希望、理想等)实现;达到
2.(希望、理想等)实现,达到,(预言等)成为事实,应验
9.v.+adj.
puffandblow
喘气
气急
pushandshove
推推搡搡,连推带挤
10.v.+v.
mixone’sdrinks调配饮料
drawblood
1.伤人感情,使人难堪,激起愤怒,惹人生气,使遭受痛苦,使蒙受损失,造成损失
2.使流血,抽血
11.v.+n.
Callaspadeaspade
直言不讳,有啥说啥
givetheDevilhisdue(应得物)
即使对坏人也要公平对待,平心而论
12.v.+n.+n.
Getasnap(啪嗒声)intheface
挨了一个耳光
haveastinginthetail
结局可能会不尽人意。
Thenewplanhasastinginitstail:
wehavetoloseoneday'sholiday.
新计划有一个没有料到的坏处:
我们要因此损失一天的假期.
13.v.+n.+prep.
tofishintroubledwaters
混水摸鱼
cutone'scoataccordingtoone'scloth
1.量布裁衣;量入为出;不存奢望
2.量布裁衣,量入为出,根据具体条件行事
14.Longerones
idioms
haveanaxetogrind
动机不纯;有个人打算
hitthenailonthehead
语言中肯;正中要害
Themayor‘stalkonracerelationshitthenailonthehead.
washone‘sdirtylinen[’lɪnɪn](亚麻布)inpublic
暴露家丑
Donotwashdirtylineninpublic.
家丑不可外扬。
Manyfamilieshaveaskeletoninthecloset.
许多家庭都有不可外扬的家丑。
proverbs
ProverbsareaspecialkindofEnglishidioms.Theyarerichincontentandsuccinct[sək‘sɪŋkt](简洁的)(simple)inwording.HundredsofEnglishproverbshavegreatvitalityinallsocialclasses.Theyexpressinafewwordsafactoratruthwhichdealswitheverydayexperience.Therefore,itisnecessaryforChinesestudentstolearnEnglishproverbs.
Thepotcallsthekettleblack.
责人严而律己宽;乌鸦笑猪黑.
ThemillsofGodgrindslowly.
天网恢恢,疏而不漏
Helaughsbestwholaughslast.
Likeattractslike.
物以类聚
Enoughisasgoodasafeast.
知足常乐
Speechissilver,silenceisgold.
雄辩是银,沉默是金.
Softfiremakessweetmalt(麦芽(酒)).
好事多磨,慢工出细活
Neveroffertoteachfishtoswim.
不要班门弄斧.
Theleopardcannotchangeitsspots.
江山易改,本性难移
Asmallleakwillsinkagreatship.
千里之堤,溃于蚁穴
Theproofofthepuddingisintheeating.
实践方知真情
Structure
Accordingtothestructure,Englishproverbshavethefollowinggroups.
A.theellipticalsentences:
Firstcome,firstserved.
Morehaste,lessspeed.
Nopains,nogains.
Outofsight,outofmind.
Betterlatethannever.
Easycome,easygo.
Easiersaidthandone.
B.thesimplesentence
Practicemakesperfect.
Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush.
Theearlybirdcatches(orget)theworm.
Everydoghashisday.
C.theimperativesentence
Loveme,lovemydog.
Liveandlearn.
活到老,学到老。
Don’ttroubletroublesuntiltroubletroublesyou.
不要自找麻烦
Giveadogabad(oranill)nameandhanghim.
流言可畏
Letsleepingdogslie.
别惹是生非
D.thecompoundsentence:
Youmayleadahorsetowater,butyoucannotmakehimdrink.
Itneverrainsbutitpours.
YouscratchmybackandI’llscratchyours.
你称我心,我合你意
E.thecomplexsentence
Wherethere’sawill,thereisaway.
Allthatglittersisnotgold.
Ifathingisworthdoingitisworthdoingwell.
如果事情值得做,就做好。
Don’tputallyoureggsinonebasket.(=don’tinvestallyoureffortsinjustonething.)
Neverjudgeabookbyitscover.(=don’tjudgeapersonbytheiroutwardappearance.)
Neverlookagifthorseinthemouth.(=neverrefusegoodfortunewhenitisthereinfrontofyou;don’tbechoosy)
Takecareofthepenceandthepoundswilltakecareofthemselves.(=Takecareofsmallsumsofmoneyandtheywillbecomelargesums.)
特点
1.形象
Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.
牛奶打翻了,哭也没用_覆水难收,后悔无益
Fishbeginstostinkatthehead.
鱼从头部开始腐烂__上梁不正下粱歪.
Misersputtheirbackandbellyintotheirpocket
.守财奴把背脊和肚皮(比喻衣服和食物)放进口袋里_守财奴宁肯挨冻受饿也不肯舍得花钱.
2.简炼概括
Habitcureshabit.
只有养成新的习惯,才能纠正旧的习惯.
Betterlatethannever.
迟到比一直不来好,晚开始比不做好.
Newlords,newlaws.
一朝天子一朝令.
Nothingventure,nothinggain.
不入虎穴,焉得虎子.
3.运用修辞
1)metaphor比喻
Sparetimeisthegolddustoflife.
(把点滴的业余时间比喻成金矿砂)
Booksareshipsthatpassthroughthevastseaoftime.
(把书籍比喻成航船,把时光比喻成汪洋)
2)Personification 拟人
Timeandtidewaitfornoman.
Hungerbreaksstonewall.
饥饿能破石头墙
Everyhorsethinkshissackheaviest.各人都觉得自己的担子最重.
3)antithesis对偶
Outofsight,outofmind..
Thelifeofthewolfisthedeathoflamb.
豺狼活,则羊羔死.
Hopeisagoodbreakfast,butabadsupper.
开始时有希望是好事,结束时再希望就不好了.
4)rhyme押韵
Nopains,nogains.
Earlytobedandearlytorise,makesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.
Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.
Afriendinneed
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- 第六 成语 谚语 明喻