版第2部分板块2第3讲构词法.docx

版第2部分板块2第3讲构词法.docx

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版第2部分板块2第3讲构词法

2020版-第2部分-板块2-第3讲-构词法（总13页）

第3讲　构词法

[全国卷考情分析]

题型分类

典题试做

命题解读

语法填空

1．（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisestostrengthen（strength）yourlegmuscles（肌肉）,avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit'salwaysenergetic（energy）．

2．（2018·全国卷Ⅱ）Atasteformeatisactually（actual）behindthechange:

Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.

3．（2018·全国卷Ⅱ）Thisswitchhasdecreasedpollution（pollute）inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.

1．给出形容词提示词，填写副词或名词；

2．给出动词，填写名词或形容词；

3．给出名词，填写形容词。

短文改错

1．（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）Ifelthappilythattheirlifehad→happy

2．（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleofthe→sudden

3．（2017·全国卷Ⅱ）Intheirsparetime，theyareinterestinginplantingvegetablesintheirgarden，whichisontherooftopoftheir→interested

1．形容词和副词的互相错用；

2．形容词和名词的互相错用；

3．ed与ing形容词的互相错用。

考点一形容词加ly变为副词的规律

单句语法填空

1．Theboyranquickly（quick）toschool.

2．“What'sthat？

”Fathershoutedangrily（angry）．

3．Thelittlegirlisextremely（extreme）eagertoknowtheresultoftheexam.

4．Yourcompositionisbadly（bad）doyourwritingexercisemoreattentively（attend）nexttime.

1．一般情况加ly。

如：

real→really；careful→carefully；polite→politely；quick→quickly

2．“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，将y改为ily。

如：

angry→angrily；busy→busily；heavy→heavily

3．以ble结尾的，将ble改为bly。

如：

probable→probably；possible→possibly

4．个别单词，去掉e再加ly。

如：

true→truly

5．以ic结尾的，加ally。

如：

basic→basically；energetic→energetically

[名师点津]　有的名词＋ly→形容词，如：

friend→friendly；day→daily

考点二动词/名词变形容词的常见后缀

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Heisratherselfish（self）sothatnobodypreferstohaveatalkwithhim.

2．Thegoodworkingconditioninthefactoryisattractive（attract）．

3．Heisreliable（rely）soyoucandependonhim.

4．Theyarenervous（nerve）abouttheirfirsttripabroad.

5．Theflowerisharmful（harm）toourhealth.

Ⅱ.单句改错

6．Mostpeoplenowadaysaresobusywiththeirlivesthattheydonothavetimetoenjoyahealthyandbalance→balanced

7．（2019·大庆调研）Idon'tthinkitareasonpracticeforthemtobehavethatwayinour→reasonable

后缀

例词

able

accept→acceptable可接受的

comfort→comfortable舒适的

fashion→fashionable时髦的

al

music→musical音乐的

origin→original最初的

person→personal个人的；私人的

ful

doubt→doubtful怀疑的

forget→forgetful健忘的

harm→harmful有害的

ible

access→accessible容易取得的

horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的

terror→terrible可怕的

ive

effect→effective有效的；生效的

attract→attractive有吸引力的

impress→impressive给人深刻印象的

ous

continue→continuous不断的；持续的

anxiety→anxious忧虑的

curiosity→curious好奇的

some

tire→tiresome令人厌倦的

trouble→troublesome麻烦的

y

taste→tasty美味的；可口的

health→healthy健康的

wealth→wealthy富裕的；丰富的

ern

east→eastern东方的；向东的

ish

child→childish孩子气的

fool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的

self→selfish自私的

ic

science→scientific科学的

economy→economic经济的

history→historic历史上著名的

ary

imagine→imaginary想象中的

考点三动词变名词的后缀

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．（2019·泰安一模）Itisnecessarytohaveaphysicalexamination（examine）everyyear.

2．Annanwillberememberedforhisabilityandhiswarmth（warm）．

3．Withouthesitation（hesitate），Idecidedtofollowthemandwedidhavelotsoffunthatday.

Ⅱ.单句改错

4．（2019·湖北八校联考）Itisaveryeffectivewaytolearnthelanguageandimproveyour→pronunciation

后缀

例词

al

approve→approval赞成；批准

arrive→arrival到来；到达

survive→survival幸存

ance

ence

appear→appearance出现；外貌

perform→performance表演；节目

exist→existence存在；生存

prefer→preference偏爱

ion

tion

ation

compete→competition比赛；竞争

invite→invitation邀请；请柬

explain→explanation解释

（ss）ion

discuss→discussion讨论；辩论

decide→decision决定

admit→admission接纳；准许入学

ing

hear→hearing听力；听觉

begin→beginning开始

ment

achieve→achievement功绩；成就

argue→argument辩论；论据

treat→treatment对待；治疗

ure

ture

fail→failure失败；没做到

press→pressure压力

mix→mixture混合；混合物

y

recover→recovery恢复；痊愈

discover→discovery发现

其他

choose→choice选择

vary→variety多样化；种类

tend→tendency趋向；趋势

考点四形容词变名词的后缀

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．I'mdoingTom'sjobinhisabsence（absent）．

2．Howmuchisthepostage（post）forthepackage.

3．Hehastheability（able）todothejob.

Ⅱ.单句改错

4．（2019·山师大附中月考）Wefearthatwedonothavethestrongandcouragetofacethetruthofour→strength

后缀

例词

age

short→shortage不足；短缺

cy

efficient→efficiency效率；功效

fluent→fluency流利；流畅

private→privacy隐私；私密

dom

free→freedom自由；自在

wise→wisdom明智；智慧

ce

different→difference差异

silent→silence沉默

ness

weak→weakness虚弱；弱点

kind→kindness仁慈；好意

careless→carelessness粗心大意

th

grow→growth成长；发展

strong→strength力气；强项

warm→warmth温暖；热情

y

ty

ity

safe→safety安全

disable→disability无能；伤残

responsible→responsibility责任

考点五表示人的后缀

单句语法填空

1．Thefamousactress（act）isdancingwithherfans.

2．Weshouldrespecteveryone，evenabeggar（beg）．

3．Mybossisnotyouliketospeaktooneofhisassistants（assist）

后缀

例词

er

teach→teacher老师

village→villager村民

strange→stranger陌生人

（注：

cook→cooker炉灶，炉具）

ar

lie→liar说谎者

ee

employ→employee受雇者；雇员

interview→interviewee被面试者

train→trainee受训练的人；学员

or

invent→inventor发明家

act→actor男演员

educate→educator教育家；教师

ess

act→actress女演员

god→goddess女神

host→hostess女主人；女主持人

ese

China→Chinese中国人

Japan→Japanese日本人

n

America→American美国人

Australia→Australian澳洲人

ian

music→musician音乐家

history→historian历史学家

politics→politician政治家；政客

ist

novel→novelist小说家

special→specialist专家

tour→tourist旅行者；观光者

ant

serve→servant仆人

participate→participant参加者

assist→assistant助手；图书管理员

考点六表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．（2019·青岛一模）Astheycouldn'tplayoutdoors，theywereunhappy（happy），andsomeevengotintofightsfromtimetotime.

2．Peopleonwelfarearewronglyseenaslazyordishonest（honest）．

3．Informal（formal）clothesaresuitableforwearingathomeorinordinarysituations.

Ⅱ.单句改错

4．（2019·张掖月考）IknowasanexcellentguideIshouldmakeyourjourneyinterestingand→meaningful

前/后缀

例词

前缀

dis

agree→disagree不同意

advantage→disadvantage缺点

il

legal→illegal不合法的

logical→illogical不合逻辑的

im

polite→impolite无礼的

patient→impatient不耐烦的

in

formal→informal非正式的

convenient→inconvenient不方便的

ir

regular→irregular不规则的

responsible→irresponsible不负责任的

mis

lead→mislead误导

understand→misunderstand误解

non

nonsmoker不吸烟者

nonstop直达的

un

usual→unusual不寻常的

willing→unwilling不愿意的

后缀

less

hope→hopeless绝望的

end→endless没完没了的

考点七变动词的前缀和后缀

单句语法填空

1．Travellingabroadcanbroaden（broad）ourhorizons.

2．Thecleverboyhastheabilitytosimplify（simple）thatdullstory.

3．Heeventuallyrealized（real）hisambitiontobecomeascientist.

前/后缀

例词

前缀

en

able→enable使能够

large→enlarge扩大

rich→enrich使充实

后缀

en

broad→broaden（使）变宽

ripe→ripen（使）成熟

sharp→sharpen使尖锐

wide→widen加宽

ify

class→classify把……分类

just→justify证明……正确

simple→simplify简化

ize

apology→apologize道歉

emphasis→emphasize强调

考点八ed形容词和ing形容词

单句语法填空

1．Thefrighteningshoutfrightenedtheboys.

＝Theshoutwasfrighteningandtheboysfeltfrightened．（frighten）

2．Hissurprisedlooksuggestedthatheknewnothingaboutit.（surprise）

3．Thestorysoundsinterestingandweareinterestedinthestory.（interest）

一些动词，如excite，disappoint，encourage，puzzle，surprise，confuse，interest，satisfy，please，shock，astonish，disturb，bore等，其现在分词（ing）和过去分词（ed）都能转化为形容词。

Thestorywasverymovingandweweredeeplymoved.这个故事非常感人，我们都被深深地感动了。

[易错提示]　此类形容词作定语修饰表情和声音时，动词的ing形式和动词的ed的区别：

动词的ing形式用来说明主语的特性，表示该表情或声音令人怎么样，因此译作“令人……的”；动词的ed形式用来说明发出该表情或声音的人所处的一种状态。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Fortunately（fortunate）,Natalie'sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity'sbridgeclosed.

2．It'sstillausefulandpleasantformofcommunication（communicate）．

3．Itisnotsurprising（surprise）thatyoungpeoplearelikelytoburstout,particularlywhentherearereasonstodoso.

4．Chinesescientistsrecently（recent）hadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornbaby.

5．Thecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportantgrowth（grow）inautonomy（自主性）andthedevelopmentofadultidentity.

6．Someschoolswillhavetomakeadjustments（adjust）inagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.

7．Weshouldseefailure（fail）asarequirementformovingtowardsourgoals.

8．Youcanliveamorepowerful（power）lifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomethingmuchlargerthanyourself.

9．Antsaregatheringtheirwinterfoodinthemiddleofsummerandmakepreparations（prepare）forthelongcoldwinter.

10．Itisdangerous（danger）forawomantowalkaloneatnight.

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．Witheachshovelofdirtwhichhithisback,thedonkeywasdoingsomething→amazing

2．Inthelaboratory,chimpsdon'tnaturallysharefoodeither.Humanchildren,ontheotherhand，areextremely→cooperative

3．（2018·兰州模拟）Whenwefelthunger，wewentoutandhad→hungry

4．Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyand→tasty

5．Theyaretruegoodbirdsthatarewortheveryeffortweputintorecovering→truly

Ⅰ.语法填空

Onthefirstdayofherwork,Sallyfoundthataclassfullofproblemswaswaitingforher.Shewastoldsixteachers1．（quit）beforeher.Whenshewalkedintotheclassroom,itwaschaos:

twoboyswerefightinginacorner,yet2.restoftheclassseemednottonoticethem;somegirlswerechattingandsomewererunningaboutwithpaper,foodpackagesandothergarbage3.（leave）everywhere.

Sallywalkedontotheplatform,4．（pick）upapieceofchalkandwroteontheblackboard:

“Rule1:

Wearefamily！

”Allstudentsstopped5.（look）ather.AndshecontinuedwithRule2,Rule3...Inthefollowingweeks,Sallyworkedout10classrulesandpostedthem6．thewallsofthepatientlyexplainedalltherulestothestudentsandrequiredeveryonetofollowthem.

7．（surprise）,Sallywasnotdrivenoutliketheformerteachers;8.，shewonrespectfromthetheyears,shewitnessedgradualchangesintheclass.Atthegraduationceremony,just9.sheexpected,shewasveryproudtostandwithaclassofcare,mannersand10.（confide