考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案解析七.docx
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考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案解析七.docx
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考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案解析七
2020考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案解析七
TheSupremeCourt'sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering。
Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof"doubleeffect",acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects—agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen—ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect。
Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyillpatients'pain,eventhoughincreasingdosageswilleventuallykillthepatient。
NancyDubler,directorofMontefioreMedicalCenter,contendsthattheprinciplewillshielddoctorswho"untilnowhavevery,verystronglyinsistedthattheycouldnotgivepatientssufficientmediationtocontroltheirpainifthatmighthastendeath."
GeorgeAnnas,chairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversity,maintainsthat,aslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose,thedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath."It'slikesurgery,"hesays."Wedon'tcallthosedeathshomicidesbecausethedoctorsdidn'tintendtokilltheirpatients,althoughtheyriskedtheirdeath.Ifyou'reaphysician,youcanriskyourpatient'ssuicideaslongasyoudon'tintendtheirsuicide."
Onanotherlevel,manyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsforwhommodemmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying。
JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt'srulingonphysician-assistedsuicide,theNationalAcademyofScience(NAS)releasedatwo-volumereport,ApproachingDeath:
ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof"ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying"asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare。
Theprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospices,totestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapies,todevelopaMedicarebillingcodeforhospital-basedcare,andtodevelopnewstandardsforassessingandtreatingpainattheendoflife。
Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthesewell-meaningmedicalinitiativestranslateintobettercare.“Largenumbersofphysiciansseemunconcernedwiththepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictablysuffering,”totheextentthatitconstitutes“systematicpatientabuse。
”Hesaysmedicallicensingboards“mustmakeitclear...thatpainfuldeathsarepresumptivelyonesthatareincompetentlymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension。
”
1.Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,welearnthat
[A]doctorsusedtoincreasedrugdosagestocontroltheirpatients'pain。
[B]itisstillillegalfordoctorstohelpthedyingendtheirlives。
[C]theSupremeCourtstronglyopposesphysician-assistedsuicide。
[D]patientshavenoconstitutionalrighttocommitsuicide。
2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsitstrueaccordingtothetext?
[A]Doctorswillbeheldguiltyiftheyrisktheirpatients'death。
[B]Modernmedicinehasassistedterminallyillpatientsinpainlessrecovery。
[C]TheCourtruledthathigh-dosagepain-relievingmedicationcanbeprescribed。
[D]Adoctor'smedicationisnolongerjustifiedbyhisintentions。
3.AccordingtotheNAS'sreport,oneoftheproblemsinend-of-lifecareis
[A]prolongedmedicalprocedures。
[B]inadequatetreatmentofpain。
[C]systematicdrugabuse。
[D]insufficienthospitalcare。
4.Whichofthefollowingbestdefinestheword“aggressive"(line3,paragraph7)?
[A]Bold.
[B]Harmful.
[C]Careless.
[D]Desperate。
5.GeorgeAnnaswouldprobablyagreethatdoctorsshouldbepunishedifthey
[A]managetheirpatientsincompetently。
[B]givepatientsmoremedicinethanneeded。
[C]reducedrugdosagesfortheirpatients。
[D]prolongtheneedlesssufferingofthepatients。
名师解析
1.Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,welearnthat从前三段我们得知
[A]doctorsusedtoincreasedrugdosagestocontroltheirpatients’pain。
医生过去常常增加药物剂量来控制病人的病痛。
[B]itisstillillegalfordoctorstohelpthedyingendtheirlives。
医生协助病危者结束生命仍然是违法的。
[C]theSupremeCourtstronglyopposesphysician-assistedsuicide。
法院强烈反对医助自杀。
[D]patientshavenoconstitutionalrighttocommitsuicide。
病人没有宪法赋予的自杀权利。
【答案】B
【考点】事实细节题。
【分析】本题针对第一到第三段的所有内容实行了测试,选项[A]的相关信息能够定位到第三段,但是文中说“近几年医生才用这个原则为自己的行为辩护”。
文中无法得出“过去常常”的说法。
选项[B]能够定位到第二段,文中提到“宪法没有赋予这样的权利”。
所以能够说,本答案是准确的。
选项[C]能够定位到第二段,但是法院是支持这样的做法的。
至于[D],显然是错的。
2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?
根据文章,下面哪一个说法是准确的?
[A]Doctorswillbeheldguiltyiftheyrisktheir
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